scholarly journals Stability Performance Analysis of Various Packaging Materials and Coating Strategies for Chronic Neural Implants under Accelerated, Reactive Aging Tests

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 810
Author(s):  
Yan Gong ◽  
Wentai Liu ◽  
Runyu Wang ◽  
Matthew Harris Brauer ◽  
Kristine Zheng ◽  
...  

Reliable packaging for implantable neural prosthetic devices in body fluids is a long-standing challenge for devices’ chronic applications. This work studied the stability of Parylene C (PA), SiO2, and Si3N4 packages and coating strategies on tungsten wires using accelerated, reactive aging tests in three solutions: pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), PBS + 30 mM H2O2, and PBS + 150 mM H2O2. Different combinations of coating thicknesses and deposition methods were studied at various testing temperatures. Analysis of the preliminary data shows that the pinholes/defects, cracks, and interface delamination are the main attributes of metal erosion and degradation in reactive aging solutions. Failure at the interface of package and metal is the dominating factor in the wire samples with open tips.

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
CAIXIA GUO ◽  
TIANLI YUE ◽  
SHAIMAA HATAB ◽  
YAHONG YUAN

This study aimed to investigate the adsorption of patulin from apple juice, using two types of inactivated yeast powder: laboratory-prepared yeast powder (LYP) and commercial yeast powder (CYP). The effects of incubation time, pH, incubation temperature, adsorbent amount, and initial concentration of patulin and the stability of the yeast-mycotoxin complex were assessed. The results showed that the efficiencies of the two yeast types in adsorbing patulin were similar. The ability of the powders to remove patulin increased with longer incubation times, and patulin concentration was below detectable levels with LYP and CYP at approximately 36 and 30 h, respectively. The highest removal of patulin was achieved at pH 5.0 for both powder types, and there were no significant differences in patulin decrease at different temperatures (4, 29, and 37°C). Additionally, the adsorption percentage of patulin increased significantly with the increase of absorbent amount and decrease of initial concentration of patulin. Stability of the yeast-patulin complex was assessed, and patulin was more stable when washed in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 4.0) than in absolute ethyl alcohol. These results suggest that inactivated yeast powder has potential as a novel and promising adsorbent to bind patulin effectively.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saika Iwamatsu ◽  
Yasunori Nihei ◽  
Kazuhiro Iijima ◽  
Tomoki Ikoma ◽  
Tomoki Komori

Abstract In this study, a series of dedicated water tank tests were conducted in wind and waves to investigate the stability performance and turning motion of Floating Offshore Wind Turbine (FOWT) equipped with two vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT). The FOWT targeted in this study is called Multi-connection VAWT, which is a new type of FOWT moored by Single-Point-Mooring (SPM) system. We designed and manufactured two types of semi-submersible floating bodies. One is a type in which VAWTs are mounted in two places of a right-angled isosceles triangle (Type-A) on a single floater, and the other is two independent units equipped with VAWTs on two separate floaters centered on a moored body. This is a type in which two semi-submersible floating bodies are lined up in a straight line (Type-B). The experimental conditions were determined by scaling down to 1/100 using Froude’s scaling law based on a wind thrust load of 320 kN (rated wind speed of 12 m/s) assuming an actual machine. In the free yawing test in waves, Type-A turned downwards, while Type-B was barely affected by the waves. Furthermore, in the free yawing test in wind, both Type-A and Type-B turned leeward and stabilized at a final point where the wind load was balanced.


Author(s):  
Swathi Kommamuri ◽  
P. Sureshbabu

Power system stability improvement by a coordinate Design ofThyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) controller is addressed in this paper.Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique is employed for optimization of the parameterconstrained nonlinear optimization problem implemented in a simulation environment. The proposed controllers are tested on a weakly connected power system. The non-linear simulation results are presented. The eigenvalue analysis and simulation results show the effectiveness and robustness of proposed controllers to improve the stability performance of power system by efficient damping of low frequency oscillations under various disturbances.


2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Didik Ariyanto ◽  
Suharyanto Suharyanto ◽  
Flandrianto Sih Palimirmo ◽  
Yogi Himawan

Ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio) merupakan komoditas budidaya yang mudah beradaptasi dengan berbagai kondisi lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh genotipe, lingkungan, dan interaksi antara genotipe dengan lingkungan terhadap stabilitas penampilan fenotipik ikan mas dalam kegiatan budidaya. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan rancangan faktorial 3 x 5 dengan lima ulangan. Lima strain ikan mas, yaitu Rajadanu, Sutisna, Majalaya, Wildan, dan Sinyonya dipelihara secara komunal di dalam tiga model wadah budidaya, yaitu kolam beton, kolam jaring, dan kolam tanah, selama 90 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penampilan fenotipik ikan mas dipengaruhi oleh genotipe, lingkungan dan interaksi kedua faktor tersebut. Strain Sutisna dan Wildan mempunyai nilai sintasan yang paling baik di semua lingkungan dibanding tiga strain lainnya. Strain Sutisna mempunyai pertumbuhan terbaik di kolam tanah sedangkan strain Wildan di kolam jaring. Hal ini menyebabkan kedua strain tersebut menghasilkan biomassa panen terbaik pada lingkungan yang berbeda. Hasil analisis stabilitas menunjukkan bahwa kelima strain ikan mas dalam penelitian ini relatif tidak stabil dan mempunyai respons yang berbeda jika dipelihara pada lingkungan yang berbeda. Strain Wildan dan Rajadanu merupakan strain ikan mas yang mempunyai respons terhadap perbedaan lingkungan paling tinggi. Strain dengan karakteristik tersebut akan mempunyai performa terbaik pada lokasi dan kondisi pemeliharan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhannya, tetapi mempunyai penampilan fenotipik yang rendah jika kondisi lingkungan budidayanya tidak sesuai. Strain Sutisna, Sinyonya, dan Majalaya merupakan strain ikan mas dengan daya responsi terhadap lingkungan lebih rendah. Karakteristik ini menyebabkan penampilan fenotipik ketiga strain tersebut relatif stabil pada semua lokasi dan kondisi budidaya, meskipun tidak bisa mencapai hasil yang maksimal.Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is known as fish species highly adaptable to various environmental conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of genotype, environment, and their interaction in phenotypic performance stability of common carp. The experimental design used a 3 x 5 factorial design with five repetitions. Five strains of common carp, namely Rajadanu, Sutisna, Majalaya, Wildan, and Sinyonya were stocked communally for 90 days in three culture systems: concrete pond, net cage pond, and earthen pond. The result showed that the phenotypic performance of common carp was influenced by genotype, environment, and their interaction. Sutisna and Wildan strains have a higher survival rate compared to other strains in all culture systems. Sutisna and Wildan strains have the best growth performance in the earthen pond and net cage pond, respectively. Both strains also have the highest biomass production at harvest in all culture systems. Based on the stability performance analysis, Wildan and Rajadanu have the highest response to the different environmental conditions. Strains with this characteristic perform best in different locations or culture systems as long as the environmental conditions are suitable. However, these fish will likely perform poor in the unsuitable culture environment. Sutisna, Sinyonya, and Majalaya are carp strains with lower responsiveness to environmental change. Such characteristic causes the phenotypic performance of these three strains cannot achieve the maximum results, yet it is relatively stable in all locations.


Nano Letters ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 3391-3398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanan Zhang ◽  
Jimmy Shih ◽  
Jian Zhu ◽  
Nicholas A. Kotov

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