scholarly journals Improved Enumeration of Weakly Fluorescent CD4+ T-lymphocytes by Confining Cells in a Spinning Sample Cartridge with a Helical Minichannel

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 618
Author(s):  
Subin Kim ◽  
Jakir Hossain Imran ◽  
Mohiuddin Khan Shourav ◽  
Jung Kyung Kim
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Focal Depth ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Cylindrical Sample ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count

The CD4 (cluster of differentiation 4) counting method is used to measure the number of CD4+ T-lymphocytes per microliter of blood and to evaluate the timing of the initiation of antiretroviral therapy as well as the effectiveness of treatment in patients with human immunodeficiency virus. We developed a three-dimensional helical minichannel-based sample cartridge in which a thread-like microgroove formed in the cylindrical surface and configured a particle-positioning and imaging system equipped with a single DC (direct current) motor that can be controlled by a smartphone application. Confinement and enrichment of CD4 cells within a sharp focal depth along the helical minichannel is accomplished by spinning the cylindrical sample cartridge at high speed before acquiring cell images and thus CD4+ cells with weak fluorescence intensity can be detected even in a channel much deeper than existing two-dimensional flat chambers without an autofocusing module. By detecting more cells in a larger sample volume, the accuracy of the CD4 cell count is improved by a factor of 5.8 with a channel of 500 μm depth and the precision is enhanced by a factor of 1.5 with a coefficient of variation of 2.6%.

Diesel Droplet Diffusion in Isotropic Turbulence With Digital Holographic Cinematography

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balaji Gopalan ◽  
Edwin Malkiel ◽  
Jian Sheng ◽  
Joseph Katz
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Isotropic Turbulence ◽  
Fluid Motion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Time History ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Velocity Autocorrelation Function ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Velocity Autocorrelation

High-speed in-line digital holographic cinematography was used to investigate the diffusion of droplets in locally isotropic turbulence. Droplets of diesel fuel (0.3–0.9mm diameter, specific gravity of 0.85) were injected into a 37×37×37mm3 sample volume located in the center of a 160-liter tank. The turbulence was generated by 4 spinning grids, located symmetrically in the corners of the tank, and was characterized prior to the experiments. The sample volume was back illuminated with two perpendicular collimated beams of coherent laser light and time series of in-line holograms were recorded with two high-speed digital cameras at 500 frames/sec. Numerical reconstruction generated a time series of high-resolution images of the droplets throughout the sample volume. We developed an algorithm for automatically detecting the droplet trajectories from each view, for matching the two views to obtain the three-dimensional tracks, and for calculating the time history of velocity. We also measured the mean fluid motion using 2-D PIV. The data enabled us to calculate the Lagrangian velocity autocorrelation function.

scholarly journals Printing special surface components for THz 2D and 3D imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Yan ◽  
Zhigang Wang ◽  
Xing Zhao ◽  
Lie Lin ◽  
Xiaolei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging System ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Optical Design ◽  
Bessel Beam ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Focal Depth ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Special Surface ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Aspherical Mirrors

AbstractThe paper reports an off-axis large focal depth THz imaging system which consists of three 3D printed special surface components (two aspherical mirrors and an axicon). Firstly, the optical design software is used to design and optimize the aspherical parabolic mirror. Secondly, the optimized mirror is prepared by a 3D printing and metal cladding method. Thirdly, a THz axicon is designed for generation of quasi-Bessel Beam and a new geometric theoretical model of oblique incident light for axicon is established. Finally, the imaging system based on the special surface components is constructed. Its maximum diffraction-free distance is about 60 mm, which is 6 times higher than the traditional system. To verify the effectiveness, THz two-dimensional imaging experiments and three-dimensional computed tomography experiment are carried out. The results are consistent with the design and calculations.

The 2D-S (Stereo) Probe: Design and Preliminary Tests of a New Airborne, High-Speed, High-Resolution Particle Imaging Probe

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1462-1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Paul Lawson ◽  
Darren O’Connor ◽  
Patrick Zmarzly ◽  
Kim Weaver ◽  
Brad Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Laser Beams ◽  
Probe Design ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Pixel Resolution ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Particle Imaging ◽  
Overlap Region

Abstract The design, laboratory calibrations, and flight tests of a new optical imaging instrument, the two-dimensional stereo (2D-S) probe, are presented. Two orthogonal laser beams cross in the middle of the sample volume. Custom, high-speed, 128-photodiode linear arrays and electronics produce shadowgraph images with true 10-μm pixel resolution at aircraft speeds up to 250 m s−1. An overlap region is defined by the two laser beams, improving the sample volume boundaries and sizing of small (<∼100 μm) particles, compared to conventional optical array probes. The stereo views of particles in the overlap region can also improve determination of three-dimensional properties of some particles. Data collected by three research aircraft are examined and discussed. The 2D-S sees fine details of ice crystals and small water drops coexisting in mixed-phase cloud. Measurements in warm cumuli collected by the NCAR C-130 during the Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO) project provide a test bed to compare the 2D-S with 2D cloud (2D-C) and 260X probes. The 2D-S sees thousands of cloud drops <∼150 μm when the 2D-C and 260X probes see few or none. The data suggest that particle images and size distributions ranging from 25 to ∼150 μm and collected at airspeeds >100 m s−1 by the 2D-C and 260X probes are probably (erroneously) generated from out-of-focus particles. Development of the 2D-S is in its infancy, and much work needs to be done to quantify its performance and generate software to analyze data.

scholarly journals 87. Real-Time Three-Dimensional Diagnostic Imaging System Using High-Speed TCT-900S CT Scanner

1990 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
Tetsurou Hada ◽  
Ichirou Yamagishi ◽  
Yoshiki Hirao ◽  
Hiroshi Aradate ◽  
Hiroyuki Kura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Real Time ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ct Scanner

Two-Dimensional Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3Ceramics Arrays for a High-Speed Three-Dimensional Imaging System Using a Coded Wavefront

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (Part 1, No. 5B) ◽  
pp. 3289-3291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagaya Okada ◽  
Masanori Sato ◽  
Chiaki Ishihara ◽  
Norio Ishii ◽  
Takashi Aoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Imaging

Three-Dimensional Imaging System Using Ultrasonic Encoded Wavefront –High Speed Computation and Array Geometry

1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (Part 1, No. 5B) ◽  
pp. 3399-3402
Author(s):  
Yasutaka Tamura ◽  
Tomoshi Ito ◽  
Noriaki Wada ◽  
Shingo Fuwa ◽  
Shigenori Yoshizawa
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Imaging ◽  
Array Geometry

scholarly journals Swept-Source-Based Chromatic Confocal Microscopy

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 7347
Author(s):  
Dawoon Jeong ◽  
Se Jin Park ◽  
Hansol Jang ◽  
Hyunjoo Kim ◽  
Jaesun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Cover Glass ◽  
Focal Distance ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
Surface Profiling ◽  
Novel Concept

Chromatic confocal microscopy (CCM) has been intensively developed because it can exhibit effective focal position scanning based on the axial chromatic aberration of broadband light reflected from a target. To improve the imaging speed of three-dimensional (3D) surface profiling, we have proposed the novel concept of swept-source-based CCM (SS-CCM) and investigated the usefulness of the corresponding imaging system. Compared to conventional CCM based on a broadband light source and a spectrometer, a swept-source in the proposed SS-CCM generates light with a narrower linewidth for higher intensity, and a single photodetector employed in the system exhibits a fast and sensitive response by immediately obtaining spectrally encoded depth from a chromatic dispersive lens array. Results of the experiments conducted to test the proposed SS-CCM system indicate that the system exhibits an axial chromatic focal distance range of approximately 360 μm for the 770–820 nm swept wavelength range. Moreover, high-speed surface profiling images of a cover glass and coin were successfully obtained with a short measurement time of 5 ms at a single position.

High-speed brightfield 3-D imaging and 3-D image analysis of thick and overlapped cell clusters in cytological preparations

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 218-219
Author(s):  
Robert W. Mackin
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Array Processor ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Computer Controlled

This paper presents two advances towards the automated three-dimensional (3-D) analysis of thick and heavily-overlapped regions in cytological preparations such as cervical/vaginal smears. First, a high speed 3-D brightfield microscope has been developed, allowing the acquisition of image data at speeds approaching 30 optical slices per second. Second, algorithms have been developed to detect and segment nuclei in spite of the extremely high image variability and low contrast typical of such regions. The analysis of such regions is inherently a 3-D problem that cannot be solved reliably with conventional 2-D imaging and image analysis methods.High-Speed 3-D imaging of the specimen is accomplished by moving the specimen axially relative to the objective lens of a standard microscope (Zeiss) at a speed of 30 steps per second, where the stepsize is adjustable from 0.2 - 5μm. The specimen is mounted on a computer-controlled, piezoelectric microstage (Burleigh PZS-100, 68/μm displacement). At each step, an optical slice is acquired using a CCD camera (SONY XC-11/71 IP, Dalsa CA-D1-0256, and CA-D2-0512 have been used) connected to a 4-node array processor system based on the Intel i860 chip.

Effects of Three-Dimensional Pressure Gradients on High-Speed Turbulent Boundary Layers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott J. Peltier ◽  
Brian E. Rice ◽  
Ethan Johnson ◽  
Venkateswaran Narayanaswamy ◽  
Marvin E. Sellers
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layers ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Turbulent Boundary Layers ◽  
Pressure Gradients
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