scholarly journals Self-Aligned Hierarchical ZnO Nanorod/NiO Nanosheet Arrays for High Photon Extraction Efficiency of GaN-Based Photonic Emitter

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 346
Author(s):  
Won-Seok Lee ◽  
Soon-Hwan Kwon ◽  
Hee-Jung Choi ◽  
Kwang-Gyun Im ◽  
Hannah Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Refractive Index Change ◽  
Zno Nanorod ◽  
Index Change ◽  
Graded Index ◽  
Shell Nanostructures ◽  
Nanosheet Arrays ◽  
Photon Extraction Efficiency

Advancements in nanotechnology have facilitated the increased use of ZnO nanostructures. In particular, hierarchical and core–shell nanostructures, providing a graded refractive index change, have recently been applied to enhance the photon extraction efficiency of photonic emitters. In this study, we demonstrate self-aligned hierarchical ZnO nanorod (ZNR)/NiO nanosheet arrays on a conventional photonic emitter (C-emitter) with a wavelength of 430 nm. These hierarchical nanostructures were synthesized through a two-step hydrothermal process at low temperature, and their optical output power was approximately 17% higher than that of ZNR arrays on a C-emitter and two times higher than that of a C-emitter. These results are due to the graded index change in refractive index from the GaN layer inside the device toward the outside as well as decreases in the total internal reflection and Fresnel reflection of the photonic emitter.

scholarly journals Critical angle reflection imaging for quantification of molecular interactions on glass surface

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangzhong Ma ◽  
Runli Liang ◽  
Zijian Wan ◽  
Shaopeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Molecular Interactions ◽  
Glass Surface ◽  
Critical Angle ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Refractive Index Change ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Index Change ◽  
Sensing Range

AbstractQuantification of molecular interactions on a surface is typically achieved via label-free techniques such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The sensitivity of SPR originates from the characteristic that the SPR angle is sensitive to the surface refractive index change. Analogously, in another interfacial optical phenomenon, total internal reflection, the critical angle is also refractive index dependent. Therefore, surface refractive index change can also be quantified by measuring the reflectivity near the critical angle. Based on this concept, we develop a method called critical angle reflection (CAR) imaging to quantify molecular interactions on glass surface. CAR imaging can be performed on SPR imaging setups. Through a side-by-side comparison, we show that CAR is capable of most molecular interaction measurements that SPR performs, including proteins, nucleic acids and cell-based detections. In addition, we show that CAR can detect small molecule bindings and intracellular signals beyond SPR sensing range. CAR exhibits several distinct characteristics, including tunable sensitivity and dynamic range, deeper vertical sensing range, fluorescence compatibility, broader wavelength and polarization of light selection, and glass surface chemistry. We anticipate CAR can expand SPR′s capability in small molecule detection, whole cell-based detection, simultaneous fluorescence imaging, and broader conjugation chemistry.

InP-based optical switch module operating through carrier-induced refractive index change

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Kato ◽  
Hiroaki Inoue ◽  
Yasushi Takahashi ◽  
Koji K. Ishida
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Switch ◽  
Refractive Index Change ◽  
Index Change ◽  
Switch Module

Refractive Index Profiles of High Dose Ti Implanted Optical Waveguides in LiNbO3

1989 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Bremer ◽  
P.R. Ashley ◽  
R. Irmscher ◽  
Ch. Buchal
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Refractive Index Change ◽  
Solubility Limit ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Sufficient Time ◽  
Index Change ◽  
Single Crystalline ◽  
Subsequent Processing ◽  
Extraordinary Refractive Index

ABSTRACTSingle crystalline substrates of LiNb03 have been implanted with 48Ti ions at 200 keV and doses up to 4 × 1017 cm−2. The implants have been performed at wafer temperatures of 77 K, 300 K and 620 K. Immediate subsequent processing at 1273 K in wet oxygen ambient led to good epitaxial regrowth at all doses, if sufficient time was allowed. The maximum observed extraordinary refractive index change after regrowth Δne=0.04, indicating a solubility limit of 3.3×l021 Ti cm−3 corresponding to 18 % of Nb5+ replaced by Ti4+.

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