scholarly journals Fabriction of ZnO Nanorods with Strong UV Absorption and Different Hydrophobicity on Foamed Nickel under Different Hydrothermal Conditions

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Xifang Chen ◽  
Zao Yi ◽  
Zigang Zhou ◽  
Yongjian Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Static Contact ◽  
Foamed Nickel

ZnO nanorods have been grown on the surface of foamed nickel by a two-step method. Firstly, a layer of ZnO seed is sputtered on the surface of the foamed nickel by magnetron sputtering, and then the hydrothermal method is used to grow ZnO nanorods at different conditions (solution concentration, reaction time and reaction temperature). The results show that the morphology of ZnO nanorods is closely related to the solution concentration, reaction time, and reaction temperature. The energy band structure formed by the foamed nickel and ZnO seed layers and the growth mechanism of ZnO nanorods are discussed. The samples are characterized by Energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The absorption characteristics of samples to light are characterized by ultraviolet-to-visible (UV–VIS) absorption. The hydrophilicity of the samples is characterized by the static contact angle. By analyzing the performance characteristics of the samples at different conditions, we finally obtained the optimal growth parameters. At the optimal parameters, the morphology of the grown nanorods is regular, the ultraviolet band has strong absorption, and the surface of the samples forms a superhydrophobic surface.

scholarly journals Extraction of alumina from alumina rich coal gangue by a hydro-chemical process

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 192132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quancheng Yang ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Xingjian Deng ◽  
Hongchen Guo ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Chemical Process ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
Added Value ◽  
High Alumina ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Vast quantities of gangue from coal mining and processing have accumulated over the years and caused significant economic and environmental problems in China. For high added-value utilization of alumina rich coal gangue (ARCG), a mild hydro-chemical process was investigated to extract alumina. The influences of NaOH concentration, mass ratio of alkali to gangue, reaction temperature and reaction time were systematically studied. An alumina extraction rate of 94.68% was achieved at the condition of NaOH concentration 47.5%, alkali to gangue ratio of 6, reaction temperature of 260°C and reaction time of 120 min. The obtained leaching residues were characterized through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometer. Research confirmed that kaolinite the main alumina-bearing phase of ARCG can be decomposed and transformed to Na 8 Al 6 Si 6 O 24 (OH) 2 (H 2 O) 2 and Ca 2 Al 2 SiO 6 (OH) 2 at relatively low temperature and short reaction time. Additionally, Na 8 Al 6 Si 6 O 24 (OH) 2 (H 2 O) 2 and Ca 2 Al 2 SiO 6 (OH) 2 are unstable and will transform to alumina-free phase NaCaHSiO 4 under the optimal conditions, which is the major reason for high alumina extraction rates.

The Influence of the Hydrothermal Conditions on the Morphologies of β-Ni(OH)2

2012 ◽  
Vol 562-564 ◽  
pp. 494-497
Author(s):  
Xiao Ming Fu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Low Reaction Temperature ◽  
Scanning Electron

Flower-like β-Ni(OH)2 and nanoflakes have been successfully synthesized with nickel nitrate as nickel source and stronger ammonia water as precipitant via the hydrothermal method. The phase and the morphologies of the samples have been characterized and analyzed by XRD (X-ray diffraction) and SEM (Scanning electron microscope), respectively. XRD shows that the phase of the samples is β-Ni(OH)2. SEM confirms that The low reaction temperature is propitious to the synthesis of flower-like β-Ni(OH)2, and with the increase of the reaction time the nanoflakes of flower-like β-Ni(OH)2 become much thinner. However, The high temperature is in favor of the synthesis of β-Ni(OH)2 nanosflakes, and with the further increase of the reaction temperature.

The Preparation of Magnesium Hydroxide Whiskers

2017 ◽  
Vol 726 ◽  
pp. 350-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Li Ren ◽  
Qiang Luo
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Preparation Technology

The magnesium hydroxide whiskers,its length being about 30μm and its diameter being about 3μm, was prepared by hydrothermal conditions. The effect of preparation technology, which includes the reaction temperature and reaction time, was discussed according to the results of XRD, TEM, and SEM. Moreover, the mechanism of the preparation of magnesium hydroxide whiskers was studied.

Hydrothermal Conversion of Glucose into Lactic Acid with Nickel as a Catalyst

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 3873-3876
Author(s):  
Adama Yousif ◽  
Xu Zeng ◽  
Fang Ming Jin ◽  
Yan Fang
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Hydrothermal Conversion ◽  
Acid Yield

In this paper, an efficient method for producing lactic acid from glucose with nickel as a catalyst under hydrothermal conditions has been developed. The addition of nickel can improve the lactic acid yield efficiently under alkaline hydrothermal conditions. The highest lactic acid yield of 35% was obtained under the optimum conditions, i.e., reaction temperature 300 °C, reaction time 60 s, 0.5 mmol nickel and 2.5 M NaOH.

scholarly journals Preparation Process and Phase Transformation of Al-5Ti-0.25C Master Alloy Adopting Ti Machining Chips

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5783
Author(s):  
Sanbo Li ◽  
Chunfang Zhao ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Maoliang Hu ◽  
Zesheng Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Master Alloy ◽  
Molten Aluminum ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Master Alloys

The refining performance of Al-Ti-C master alloys is substantially compromised by the inferior wettability between graphite and molten aluminum. In this paper, the Al-5Ti-0.25C master alloy was successfully prepared by reacting Ti machining chips, graphite, and molten aluminum. In order to determine a simple method of improving the wettability, the optimal preparation process and phase transformation of the Al-5Ti-0.25C master alloy were investigated using an optical microscope, X-ray diffractometer, and scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer. The results show that the feeding method using a prefabricated block made from Ti chips, Al chips, and graphite effectively improves the wettability between graphite and molten aluminum and increases the recovery rate of graphite. When the reaction temperature is low (1223 K), the agglomeration of TiAl3 is caused. When the reaction temperature is high (1373 K), the morphology of TiAl3 changes from block-like to needle-like and increases its size. Further, a short reaction time (30 min) results in the incomplete dissolution of the Ti chips, while a long reaction time (90 min) causes the TiAl3 to transform into needle-like morphologies. The microstructural observation of undissolved Ti chips shows that TiAl3 and TiC are formed around it, which proves the transformation of Ti chips to TiAl3 and TiC. In addition, the enrichment of TiC and Al4C3 was observed in the vicinity of TiAl3, and a reaction model for the formation of TiC from the reaction of Al4C3 and TiAl3 was presented.

scholarly journals One-Step Synthesis of Hydroxysodalite Using Natural Bentonite at Moderate Temperatures

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Liu ◽  
Hongjuan Sun ◽  
Tongjiang Peng ◽  
Qian He
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Moderate Temperature ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Step Method ◽  
One Step ◽  
Si Content

Ca-bentonite was used as the feedstock material for the synthesis of hydroxysodalite due to its high Al, Si content, good chemical reactivity, and natural abundance. A one-step method is proposed here to fabricate hydroxysodalite in a water bath at moderate temperature. The effects of the Na/Si molar ratio, Si/Al molar ratio, reaction time, and reaction temperature on the synthesis of hydroxysodalite have been systematically investigated here. The crystallizing phases and morphology of the synthetic products were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The results showed that the Na/Si molar ratio and reaction temperature both played important roles in controlling the degree of crystallinity of the synthetic hydroxysodalite. The Si/Al molar ratio and reaction time both affect the purity of the synthetic hydroxysodalite. Optimum conditions for synthesizing hydroxysodalite using a one-step water-bath method at moderate temperature are as follows: a Na/Si molar ratio of 12, a Si/Al molar ratio of 1.0, a reaction temperature of 90 °C, and a reaction time of 12 h.

Lignin Separation and Antioxidant Capacity from Acanthopanax senticosus Remainders Using Acetic Acid-Water System

2011 ◽  
Vol 311-313 ◽  
pp. 1514-1517
Author(s):  
Ming Hua Zhu ◽  
Gui Zhen Fang ◽  
Shi Yan Han ◽  
Hai Hong Rong ◽  
Jun Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Water System ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Acid Water ◽  
Acanthopanax Senticosus ◽  
Acetic Acid Water ◽  
Acetic Acid Lignin

Lignin was extracted from Acanthopanax senticosus remainders after pharmaceutical production process, with acetic acid-water as extracting reagent. Four factors effects, namely reaction temperature from 160°C to 220°C, reaction time from 40 min to 100 min, acetic acid concentration from 50% to 80% and solid-liquid ratio from 1:40 to 1:5, were studied and optimized by a four-level orthogonal array design (OAD) on lignin antioxidant capacity. The results indicated the reaction temperature and reaction time were significant factors among these factors. At the same lignin solution concentration, the acetic acid lignin antioxidant capacity was better than that of Kraft lignin, but much lower than that of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA).

Preparation and Characterization of Mg(OH)2 Flame-Retardant with Particular Morphology via Hydrothermal Process

2011 ◽  
Vol 306-307 ◽  
pp. 1311-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lian Min Ji ◽  
Li Juan Li ◽  
Zhi Qi Liu ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Feng Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Crystal Morphology ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Organic Modifier

The process of preparing magnesium hydroxide flame retardants with particular morphologies after hydrothermal treatment in the presence of organic modifier ethanediamine was mainly investigated. Influences of such factors as slurry concentration, modifier solution concentration and reaction temperature were studied. Meanwhile, the hydrothermally treated results were characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR and TGA. The results indicate that when the reaction temperature was 180°C, and the reaction time ranges from 4 to 8 hours, the magnesium hydroxide and organic modifier solution concentration separately was 5% and 4 mol/L, a spherical crystalline magnesium hydroxide that has a symmetrical and regular crystal morphology was prepared. Such magnesium hydroxide materials were found to give an enhanced powder filtration.

Effect of Hydrothermal Conditions on the Cation Exchange Capacity of MSWI Fly Ash

2006 ◽  
Vol 510-511 ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
Young Sook Shim ◽  
Woo Keun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Waste Incinerator ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Solid Liquid

In this study, we studied to find the most suitable condition for the preparation of adsorbent by hydrothermal treatment of fly ash from the municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI). There are many variables that affect the adsorptive characteristics in our study. With the variation of which discussed the effect such as the concentration of NaOH, reaction temperature, reaction time, solid/liquid ratio, and so on. The phase of adsorbent, its morphology and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were analyzed to evaluate their effects. The phase of adsorbent after treatment was identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), the morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the CEC was analyzed by the ammonium acetate method. The maximum CEC value was obtained under the condition of 3N NaOH, 100°C of reaction temperature, 12 hr of reaction time, and 1:10 of solid/liquid ratio. The CEC was 68 meq/100g in this condition, which was 8 times the amount of raw fly ash.

scholarly journals Ultrasonic-enhanced replacement of lead in lead hydrometallurgy process from lead leaching solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 190042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huimin Xie ◽  
Libo Zhang ◽  
Haoyu Li ◽  
Shiwei Li ◽  
Kaihua Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Replacement Rate ◽  
Replacement Process ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Leaching Solution ◽  
Lead Leaching ◽  
Ultrasonic Conditions ◽  
Replacement Time

In this paper, ultrasonic-enhanced replacement of lead by zinc in lead leaching solution was studied. The effects of reaction time, rotational speed, temperature, concentration of leaching solution and the ratio of the surface area of the zinc plate immersed in the leaching solution to the volume of leaching solution (S : V) were studied under both conventional and ultrasonic conditions. The optimum ultrasonic-assisted replacement conditions were as follows: the S : V of 0.04 (4 cm 2 100 ml −1 ), reaction temperature of 30°C, replacement time of 30 min and the concentration of leaching solution is 5 g l −1 , leading to a lead replacement rate of 94.84%. Compared with the conventional replacement process, the reaction time of ultrasonic-enhanced substitution could be reduced to one half, and the demand of reaction temperature, leaching solution concentration and other conditions were decreased accordingly. Introducing ultrasonic into the replacement reaction is promising to reduce the energy consumption in the hydrometallurgical industry also caters to the demands of environment protection.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document