scholarly journals Rheological Issues in Carbon-Based Inks for Additive Manufacturing

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie O’Mahony ◽  
Ehtsham Ul Haq ◽  
Christophe Sillien ◽  
Syed A.M. Tofail
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Complex Geometries ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Commercial Market ◽  
Conductive Properties ◽  
Carbon Based

As the industry and commercial market move towards the optimization of printing and additive manufacturing, it becomes important to understand how to obtain the most from the materials while maintaining the ability to print complex geometries effectively. Combining such a manufacturing method with advanced carbon materials, such as Graphene, Carbon Nanotubes, and Carbon fibers, with their mechanical and conductive properties, delivers a cutting-edge combination of low-cost conductive products. Through the process of printing the effectiveness of these properties decreases. Thorough optimization is required to determine the idealized ink functional and flow properties to ensure maximum printability and functionalities offered by carbon nanoforms. The optimization of these properties then is limited by the printability. By determining the physical properties of printability and flow properties of the inks, calculated compromises can be made for the ink design. In this review we have discussed the connection between the rheology of carbon-based inks and the methodologies for maintaining the maximum pristine carbon material properties.

scholarly journals Development of an Additive Manufacturing System for the Deposition of Thermoplastics Impregnated with Carbon Fibers

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Reis Silva ◽  
António M. Pereira ◽  
Nuno Alves ◽  
Gonçalo Mateus ◽  
Artur Mateus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Yarn Diameter ◽  
Thermoplastic Matrix ◽  
Anisotropic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Long Carbon Fiber

This work presents an innovative system that allows the oriented deposition of continuous fibers or long fibers, pre-impregnated or not, in a thermoplastic matrix. This system is used in an integrated way with the filamentary fusion additive manufacturing technology and allows a localized and oriented reinforcement of polymer components for advanced engineering applications at a low cost. To demonstrate the capabilities of the developed system, composite components of thermoplastic matrix (polyamide) reinforced with pre-impregnated long carbon fiber (carbon + polyamide), 1 K and 3 K, were processed and their tensile and flexural strength evaluated. It was demonstrated that the tensile strength value depends on the density of carbon fibers present in the composite, and that with the passage of 2 to 4 layers of fibers, an increase in breaking strength was obtained of about 366% and 325% for the 3 K and 1 K yarns, respectively. The increase of the fiber yarn diameter leads to higher values of tensile strength of the composite. The obtained standard deviation reveals that the deposition process gives rise to components with anisotropic mechanical properties and the need to optimize the processing parameters, especially those that lead to an increase in adhesion between deposited layers.

3D Printing for Manufacturing Antique and Modern Musical Instrument Parts

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Celentano ◽  
Nicholas May ◽  
Edward Simoneau ◽  
Richard DiPasquale ◽  
Zahra Shahbazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Cloud Model ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sound Quality ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
3D Print ◽  
3D Printed

Professional musicians today often invest in obtaining antique or vintage instruments. These pieces can be used as collector items or more practically, as performance instruments to give a unique sound of a past music era. Unfortunately, these relics are rare, fragile, and particularly expensive to obtain for a modern day musician. The opportunity to reproduce the sound of an antique instrument through the use of additive manufacturing (3D printing) can make this desired product significantly more affordable. 3D printing allows for duplication of unique parts in a low cost and environmentally friendly method, due to its minimal material waste. Additionally, it allows complex geometries to be created without the limitations of other manufacturing techniques. This study focuses on the primary differences, particularly sound quality and comfort, between saxophone mouthpieces that have been 3D printed and those produced by more traditional methods. Saxophone mouthpieces are commonly derived from a milled blank of either hard rubber, ebonite or brass. Although 3D printers can produce a design with the same or similar materials, they are typically created in a layered pattern. This can potentially affect the porosity and surface of a mouthpiece, ultimately affecting player comfort and sound quality. To evaluate this, acoustic tests will be performed. This will involve both traditionally manufactured mouthpieces and 3D prints of the same geometry created from x-ray scans obtained using a ZEISS Xradia Versa 510. The scans are two dimensional images which go through processes of reconstruction and segmentation, which is the process of assigning material to voxels. The result is a point cloud model, which can be used for 3D printing. High quality audio recordings of each mouthpiece will be obtained and a sound analysis will be performed. The focus of this analysis is to determine what qualities of the sound are changed by the manufacturing method and how true the sound of a 3D printed mouthpiece is to its milled counterpart. Additive manufacturing can lead to more inconsistent products of the original design due to the accuracy, repeatability and resolution of the printer, as well as the layer thickness. In order for additive manufacturing to be a common practice of mouthpiece manufacturing, the printer quality must be tested for its precision to an original model. The quality of a 3D print can also have effects on the comfort of the player. Lower quality 3D prints have an inherent roughness which can cause discomfort and difficulty for the musician. This research will determine the effects of manufacturing method on the sound quality and overall comfort of a mouthpiece. In addition, we will evaluate the validity of additive manufacturing as a method of producing mouthpieces.

Carbon-Based Materials from Borassus flabellifer and their Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 08-12
Author(s):  
C. Thevamirtha ◽  
Sherin Monichan ◽  
P. Mosae Selvakumar
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Anode Materials ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Carbon Nanodots ◽  
Hard Carbon ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Carbon Based

Plant-based carbon materials are a high-demand source nowadays, as they are low-cost, eco-friendly, easily available, and sustainable.  Borassus flabellifer (Palmyra palm) is a gift of nature that gives numerous benefits, as all parts of the tree can be used for multiple purposes. Palmyraculture is the practice of cultivating Palmyra palms and utilizing them to live a self-reliant life in working towards sustainable development. Due to the advancement of technology, Borassus flabellifer is used to synthesize carbon materials, including hard carbon, carbon nanodots, charcoal, and activated carbon.  These carbon materials can be used in electrochemistry as anode materials, biosensing, bioimaging, catalysts, and water purification. This review mainly focuses on the carbon materials derived from the Borassus flabellifer, their applications in various fields, and further aspects that have to be considered.

scholarly journals Defect Engineering on Carbon-Based Catalysts for Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongping Xue ◽  
Huicong Xia ◽  
Wenfu Yan ◽  
Jianan Zhang ◽  
Shichun Mu
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Catalytic Mechanism ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Carbon Based Nanomaterials ◽  
Carbon Based

Abstract Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction (ECR) has become one of the main methods to close the broken carbon cycle and temporarily store renewable energy, but there are still some problems such as poor stability, low activity, and selectivity. While the most promising strategy to improve ECR activity is to develop electrocatalysts with low cost, high activity, and long-term stability. Recently, defective carbon-based nanomaterials have attracted extensive attention due to the unbalanced electron distribution and electronic structural distortion caused by the defects on the carbon materials. Here, the present review mainly summarizes the latest research progress of the construction of the diverse types of defects (intrinsic carbon defects, heteroatom doping defects, metal atomic sites, and edges detects) for carbon materials in ECR, and unveil the structure–activity relationship and its catalytic mechanism. The current challenges and opportunities faced by high-performance carbon materials in ECR are discussed, as well as possible future solutions. It can be believed that this review can provide some inspiration for the future of development of high-performance ECR catalysts.

scholarly journals Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers from Biomass and Biomass Blends—Current Trends

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1071
Author(s):  
Imane Moulefera ◽  
Marah Trabelsi ◽  
Al Mamun ◽  
Lilia Sabantina
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Green Materials ◽  
Research Gap

In recent years, ecological issues have led to the search for new green materials from biomass as precursors for producing carbon materials (CNFs). Such green materials are more attractive than traditional petroleum-based materials, which are environmentally harmful and non-biodegradable. Biomass could be ideal precursors for nanofibers since they stem from renewable sources and are low-cost. Recently, many authors have focused intensively on nanofibers’ production from biomass using microwave-assisted pyrolysis, hydrothermal treatment, ultrasonication method, but only a few on electrospinning methods. Moreover, still few studies deal with the production of electrospun carbon nanofibers from biomass. This review focuses on the new developments and trends of electrospun carbon nanofibers from biomass and aims to fill this research gap. The review is focusing on recollecting the most recent investigations about the preparation of carbon nanofiber from biomass and biopolymers as precursors using electrospinning as the manufacturing method, and the most important applications, such as energy storage that include fuel cells, electrochemical batteries and supercapacitors, as well as wastewater treatment, CO2 capture, and medicine.

A Carbon-Based Ultramicro-Thermocouple

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia V. Scheibel ◽  
Mustafa Koz ◽  
Dieter M. Scheibel ◽  
Michael Schrlau
Keyword(s):  
Thermoelectric Power ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Carbon Layer ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Voltage Change ◽  
Thermal Sensing ◽  
Carbon Based

Abstract Micropipette-based thermocouples provide the advantage of a high tip diameter-to-length aspect ratio allowing the maintenance of a reference temperature crucial for accurate thermal sensing in microdomains. The research efforts in this field strive to achieve high thermoelectric power (voltage change per unit temperature change) while minimizing the sensing area, a pair of tasks that is by nature contradictory and thus, challenging. Herein, the design and fabrication of a carbon-based micropipette thermal sensor are described. A novel manufacturing method and set of materials are used to overcome the reduction in thermoelectric performance associated with small sensor sizes. A glass micropipette is utilized as a template in a chemical vapor deposition process to form a carbon layer in the lumen of the pipette. This carbon micropipette then serves as a scaffold on which gold and nickel are deposited, enabling the device to function as a thermocouple. This low-cost fabrication process results in a thermocouple with a sub-500 nm tip. The response of the thermocouple was characterized and demonstrated good repeatability in a temperature range of 0 to 60 °C. The unique material selection provided a thermoelectric power of 14.9 µV·K-1, a significant improvement (68%) relative to other micropipette-based thermocouples.

scholarly journals An Additive Manufacturing Method Using Large-Scale Wood Inspired by Laminated Object Manufacturing and Plywood Technology

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Yubo Tao ◽  
Qing Yin ◽  
Peng Li
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Complex Geometries ◽  
Layer Height ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Laminated Object Manufacturing ◽  
Subtractive Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Thickness Layer

Wood-based materials in current additive manufacturing (AM) feedstocks are primarily restricted to the micron scale. Utilizing large-scale wood in existing AM techniques remains a challenge. This paper proposes an AM method—laser-cut veneer lamination (LcVL)—for wood-based product fabrication. Inspired by laminated object manufacturing (LOM) and plywood technology, LcVL bonds wood veneers in a layer-upon-layer manner. As demonstrated by printed samples, LcVL was able to retain the advantageous qualities of AM, specifically, the ability to manufacture products with complex geometries which would otherwise be impossible using subtractive manufacturing techniques. Furthermore, LcVL-product structures designed through adjusting internal voids and wood-texture directionality could serve as material templates or matrices for functional wood-based materials. Numerical analyses established relations between the processing resolution of LcVL and proportional veneer thickness (layer height). LcVL could serve as a basis for the further development of large-scale wood usage in AM.

Light Assisted Hybrid Direct Write Additive Manufacturing of Thermosets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Alrashdan ◽  
William Jordan Wright ◽  
Emrah Celik
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Complex Geometries ◽  
Direct Write ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Material Systems

Abstract In the past recent years, numerous studies have been conducted on additive manufacturing of thermosets and thermoset composites. Thermosets are an important class of polymers used in engineering applications. Monomer units in these material systems irreversibly cross-link when external stimuli or a chemical crosslinking agent is applied in terms of the curing or photopolymerization process. Thermally curing thermosets mark unique mechanical properties including, high temperature resistance, strong chemical bond, and structural integrity and therefore these materials find wide range of applications currently. However, direct write additive manufacturing of these material systems at high resolution and at complex geometries is challenging. This is due to the slow curing rate of thermally curing thermoset polymers which can adversely affect the printing process, and the final shape of the printed object. On the other hand, VAT Polymerization additive manufacturing, which is based on curing the photopolymer resin by Ultraviolet (UV) light, can allow the fabrication of complex geometries and excellent surface finish of the printed parts due to the fast curing rate of photopolymers used in this technique. Mechanical properties of photopolymers, however, are usually weaker and more unstable compared to the thermally curing polymers used in the direct write additive manufacturing method. Therefore, this study focuses on taking the advantages of these two thermoset additive manufacturing methods by utilizing both the thermally cured epoxy and photopolymer resins together. Using the direct writing, the resin mixture is extruded though a nozzle and the final 3D object is created on the print bed. Simultaneously, the deposited ink is exposed to the UV light enhancing the yield strength of the printed material and partially curing it. Therefore, thermally cured epoxy is used to obtain the desirable mechanical properties, while the addition of the photopolymer resin allows the thermoset mixture to partially solidify the printed ink when exposed to the UV light. The results achieved in this study showed that, the hybrid additive manufacturing technology is capable of fabricating complex and tall structure which cannot be printable via additive manufacturing method. In addition, mechanical properties of the hybrid thermoset ink are comparable to the thermally cured thermoset polymer indicating the great potential of the light-assisted, hybrid manufacturing to fabricate mechanically strong parts at high geometrical resolution.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document