scholarly journals Metabolic Effects of Dietary Glycerol Supplementation in Muscle and Liver of European Seabass and Rainbow Trout by 1H NMR Metabolomics

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Palma ◽  
Ludgero Tavares ◽  
João Rito ◽  
Luís Henriques ◽  
João Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Adenylate Energy Charge ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
European Seabass

The sustainable growth of fish aquaculture will require the procurement of non-marine feed sources. Glycerol is a potential feed supplement whose metabolism may spare the catabolism of dietary amino acids, thereby extending the use of the feed protein to other physiological functions such as growth. In the present study, the effects of dietary glycerol supplementation on the muscle and liver metabolomes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were evaluated. Fish juveniles were fed diets with 0%, 2.5%, and 5% glycerol. Muscle and liver aqueous fractions were extracted and 1H NMR spectra were acquired. Metabolite profiles derived from the 1H NMR signals were assessed using univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. The adenylate energy charge was determined in the muscle. For both species, the muscle metabolite profile showed more variability compared to that of the liver and was most perturbed by the 5.0% glycerol diet. For the liver metabolite profile, rainbow trout showed fewer differences compared to European seabass. No differences were observed in energy charge between experimental groups for either species. Thus, rainbow trout appeared to be less susceptible to tissue metabolite perturbations, compared to seabass, when the diet was supplemented with up to 5% glycerol.

Conservation of phosphorylation state of cardiac phosphofructokinase during in vitro hypothermic hypoxia

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (5) ◽  
pp. H2151-H2158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy P. Pulis ◽  
Beatrice M. Wu ◽  
Norman M. Kneteman ◽  
Thomas A. Churchill
Keyword(s):  
Posttranslational Modification ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Anaerobic Metabolism ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Adenylate Energy Charge ◽  
Three Solutions ◽  
University Of Wisconsin ◽  
Anaerobic Energy

We investigated the metabolic effects of buffering agents α-amino-4-imidazole-propionic acid (Histidine), N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine (bicine), N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (BES) on anaerobic energy production (via glycolysis) and conservation of key regulatory enzyme activity, and phosphofructokinase (PFK) throughout prolonged hypothermic hypoxia in porcine hearts. Hearts from 35 to 40 kg pigs were flushed with one of the following five solutions: St. Thomas' Hospital solution (STHS); modified University of Wisconsin (UW) solution; and three solutions containing modified UW plus 90 mM of histidine, bicine, or BES. The hearts were then stored at 4°C for 10 h. After 10 h of hypothermic hypoxia, lactate values were 6.7–12.9 μmol/g higher than control; this reflected an increase in anaerobic end product of 35–67%. The consequences of enhanced anaerobic metabolism were higher ATP, total adenylate, Energy Charge, and ATP/ADP ratios in most of the buffered groups after 4–10 h cold storage; effectiveness of the buffers employed correlated with buffering capacity (BES proved to be the most effective). PFK remained activated throughout most of the 10-h period in hearts stored with buffers and did not undergo the rapid inactivation experienced by hearts stored in STHS. Conservation of PFK integrity with buffering agents was not related to a pH-mediated event; changes in kinetic parameters suggested that this protection was due to an irreversible posttranslational modification, specifically a dephosphorylation event.

scholarly journals Protein and arginine requirements for maintenance and nitrogen gain in four teleosts

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Fournier ◽  
M. F. Gouillou-Coustans ◽  
R. Métailler ◽  
C. Vachot ◽  
M. J. Guedes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
European Seabass ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acids ◽  
Psetta Maxima

Besides being an indispensable amino acid for protein synthesis, arginine (Arg) is also involved in a number of other physiological functions. Available data on the quantitative requirement for Arg in different teleosts appear to show much variability. So far, there are very limited data on the maintenance requirements of indispensable amino acids (IAA) in fish. In the present study, we compared N and Arg requirements for maintenance and growth of four finfish species: rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), turbot (Psetta maxima), gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Groups of fish having an initial body weight close to 5–7 g were fed semi-purified diets containing graded levels of N (0 to 8 % DM) and Arg (0 to 3 % DM) over 4 to 6 weeks. For each species, N and Arg requirements for maintenance and for growth were calculated regressing daily N gain against daily N or Arg intakes. N requirement for maintenance was estimated to be 37·8, 127·3, 84·7 and 45·1 mg/kg metabolic body weight per d and 2·3, 2·2, 2·6 and 2·5 g for 1 g N accretion, in rainbow trout, turbot, gilthead seabream and European seabass respectively. The four species studied appear to have very low or no dietary Arg requirements for maintenance. Arg requirement for g N accretion was calculated to be 0·86 g in rainbow trout and between 1·04–1·11 g in the three marine species. Turbot required more N for maintenance than the other three species, possibly explaining its reputedly high overall dietary protein requirement. Data suggest a small but sufficient endogenous Arg synthesis to maintain whole body N balance and differences between freshwater and marine species as regards Arg requirement. It is worth verifying this tendency with other IAA.

scholarly journals 1H-NMR Profiling Shows as Specific Constituents Strongly Affect the International EVOO Blends Characteristics: The Case of the Italian Oil

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2233
Author(s):  
Francesca Calò ◽  
Chiara Roberta Girelli ◽  
Federica Angilè ◽  
Laura Del Coco ◽  
Lucia Mazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
1H Nmr ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
1H Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Olive Oils ◽  
The World ◽  
Plateau Level

Considering the growing number of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) producers in the world, knowing the influence of olive oils with different geographical origins on the characteristics of the final blend becomes an interesting goal. The present work is focused on commercial organic EVOO blends obtained by mixing multiple oils from different geographical origins. These blends have been studied by 1H-NMR spectroscopy supported by multivariate statistical analysis. Specific characteristics of commercial organic EVOO blends originated by mixing oils from Italy, Tunisia, Portugal, Spain, and Greece were found to be associated with the increasing content of the Italian component. A linear progression of the metabolic profile defined characteristics for the analysed samples—up to a plateau level—was found in relation to the content of the main constituent of the Italian oil, the monocultivar Coratina. The Italian constituent percentage appears to be correlated with the fatty acids (oleic) and the polyphenols (tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, and derivatives) content as major and minor components respectively. These results, which highlight important economic aspects, also show the utility of 1H-NMR associated with chemometric analysis as a powerful tool in this field. Mixing oils of different national origins, to obtain blends with specific characteristics, could be profitably controlled by this methodology.

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