scholarly journals Salivary Metabolome and Soccer Match: Challenges for Understanding Exercise induced Changes

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Pitti ◽  
Greta Petrella ◽  
Sara Di Marino ◽  
Vincenzo Summa ◽  
Marco Perrone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Metabolite Concentrations ◽  
Heterogeneous Nature ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Systemic Responses

Saliva samples of seventeen soccer players were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance before and after an official match. Two different ways of normalizing data are discussed, using total proteins and total metabolite concentrations. Changes in markers related to energy, hydration status, amino acids and other compounds were found. The limits and advantages of using saliva to define the systemic responses to exercise are examined, both in terms of data normalization and interpretation, and the time that the effect lasts in this biofluid, which is shorter to that commonly observed in blood. The heterogeneous nature and different timing of the exercise developed by players also plays an important role in the metabolic changes that can be measured. Our work focuses mainly on three different aspects: The effect that time sampling has on the observed effect, the type of normalization that is necessary to perform in order to cope with changes in water content, and the metabolic response that can be observed using saliva.

scholarly journals Experience affects exercise-induced changes in catecholamines, glucose, and FFA

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (1) ◽  
pp. R169-R173 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Scheurink ◽  
A. B. Steffens ◽  
G. H. Dreteler ◽  
L. Benthem ◽  
R. Bruntink
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Component ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
First Time

The interference of the experimental conditions on the exercise-induced alterations in plasma catecholamines, plasma free fatty acids, and glucose and insulin concentrations was investigated in rats. Exercise consisted of strenuous swimming against a countercurrent (0.22 m/s) for 15 min in a pool with water of 33 degrees C. Before, during, and after swimming, blood samples were taken through a permanent heart catheter. The blood component levels in rats that were confronted with exercise for the very first time were compared with the levels in rats that were well accustomed to the exercise conditions. The very first time rats swam caused an enhanced release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla and a reduced output of norepinephrine from the sympathetic nerve endings. Furthermore, in the first time swim group, blood glucose levels were higher and plasma free fatty acid concentrations were lower compared with the well-accustomed animals. There were no differences in plasma insulin concentrations. It is concluded that the experimental conditions may interfere considerably with the hormonal and metabolic response to exercise. Furthermore the results reinforce the idea that the two parts of the sympathoadrenal system are functionally and metabolically dissociated.

Exercise-induced changes in blood composition of racing reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.)

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (5) ◽  
pp. R1209-R1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Poso ◽  
M. Nieminen ◽  
S. Sankari ◽  
T. Soveri
Keyword(s):  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Breakdown Product ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Exercise And Training ◽  
And Training

The responses to near-maximal exercise before and after the training and racing season were examined in reindeer. The reindeer were tested when pulling a driver at a speed of 11-12 m/s for 600 m. The lactate responses were higher before than after training. Similarly, the accumulation of uric acid, a breakdown product of ATP, became attenuated after training. The serum concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids decreased or did not change after exercise, although an increase in the glycerol concentration indicates activation of lipolysis. The concentration of alanine increased after both tests, and at rest the concentrations of several amino acids, e.g., glutamine, isoleucine, and tyrosine, were higher and the concentrations of serum protein and urea were lower during spring than at the beginning of the training period. It can be concluded that the carbohydrate metabolism of the reindeer responds to exercise and training similarly to that in other athletic species, but further studies are needed to explain the observed changes in lipid and protein metabolites.

scholarly journals Study of effect of propranolol, atenolol and celiprolol on exercise induced changes in heart rate, blood pressure and peak expiratory flow rate in healthy human volunteers

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 950
Author(s):  
Sumit P. Patel ◽  
Rima B. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Sympathetic Stimulation ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Cardiovascular Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes

Background: Beta blockers are known to cause attenuation of sympathetic stimulation mediated increase in cardiovascular parameters. Very few studies are available in Indian set-up comparing these changes between different beta blockers available in market. The objective of the study was to compare efficacy and safety of propranolol, atenolol and celiprolol on heart rare, blood pressure and airway resistance, both at rest and during exercise.Methods: A prospective interventional study was carried out involving 72 healthy volunteers in the clinical pharmacology laboratory. Participants were divided in three groups of 24 each and given single oral doses of propranolol 40 mg, Atenolol 50 mg and celiprolol 40 mg was given to the participants. Exercise given in the form of step ladder test and hand grip dynamometer and effect on the different parameters like HR, SBP, DBP and PEFR were recorded before and immediately after exercise and compared.Results: All the three drugs were effective in attenuating the exercise induced cardiovascular parameters (p <0.05). Drug A cause change in HR, SBP, DBP and PEFR significantly (p <0.05). Change in SBP was more significant with drug B while significant difference was found in HR, SBP and DBP before and after exercise in drug C in both SL and HGD tests. No significant difference was found between the drug groups (p >0.05). No adverse effects were reported in the study participants.Conclusions: All the three drugs are effective in attenuating cardiovascular changes after sympathetic stimulation like exercise and there was no significant difference among them.

Effect of hydration state on resistance exercise-induced endocrine markers of anabolism, catabolism, and metabolism

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 816-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Judelson ◽  
Carl M. Maresh ◽  
Linda M. Yamamoto ◽  
Mark J. Farrell ◽  
Lawrence E. Armstrong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Training Adaptations ◽  
Carbohydrate And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Hydration State ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Response To Exercise

Hypohydration (decreased total body water) exacerbates the catabolic hormonal response to endurance exercise with unclear effects on anabolic hormones. Limited research exists that evaluates the effect of hypohydration on endocrine responses to resistance exercise; this work merits attention as the acute postexercise hormonal environment potently modulates resistance training adaptations. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of hydration state on the endocrine and metabolic responses to resistance exercise. Seven healthy resistance-trained men (age = 23 ± 4 yr, body mass = 87.8 ± 6.8 kg, body fat = 11.5 ± 5.2%) completed three identical resistance exercise bouts in different hydration states: euhydrated (EU), hypohydrated by ∼2.5% body mass (HY25), and hypohydrated by ∼5.0% body mass (HY50). Investigators manipulated hydration status via controlled water deprivation and exercise-heat stress. Cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, testosterone, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin, glucose, lactate, glycerol, and free fatty acids were measured during euhydrated rest, immediately preceding resistance exercise, immediately postexercise, and during 60 min of recovery. Body mass decreased 0.2 ± 0.4, 2.4 ± 0.4, and 4.8 ± 0.4% during EU, HY25, and HY50, respectively, supported by humoral and urinary changes that clearly indicated subjects achieved three distinct hydration states. Hypohydration significantly 1) increased circulating concentrations of cortisol and norepinephrine, 2) attenuated the testosterone response to exercise, and 3) altered carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. These results suggest that hypohydration can modify the hormonal and metabolic response to resistance exercise, influencing the postexercise circulatory milieu.

Carbohydrate exerts a mild influence on fluid retention following exercise-induced dehydration

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin L. Osterberg ◽  
Shannon E. Pallardy ◽  
Richard J. Johnson ◽  
Craig A. Horswill
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Fluid Retention ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Excessive Sweating ◽  
Rehydration Solutions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Postexercise Recovery ◽  
Exercise Induced

Rapid and complete rehydration, or restoration of fluid spaces, is important when acute illness or excessive sweating has compromised hydration status. Many studies have investigated the effects of graded concentrations of sodium and other electrolytes in rehydration solutions; however, no study to date has determined the effect of carbohydrate on fluid retention when electrolyte concentrations are held constant. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of graded levels of carbohydrate on fluid retention following exercise-induced dehydration. Fifteen heat-acclimatized men exercised in the heat for 90 min with no fluid to induce 2–3% dehydration. After a 30-min equilibration period, they received, over the course of 60 min, one of five test beverages equal to 100% of the acute change in body mass. The experimental beverages consisted of a flavored placebo with no electrolytes (P), placebo with electrolytes (P + E), 3%, 6%, and 12% carbohydrate solutions with electrolytes. All beverages contained the same type and concentration of electrolytes (18 meq/l Na+, 3 meq/l K+, 11 meq/l Cl−). Subjects voided their bladders at 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 min, and urine specific gravity and urine volume were measured. Blood samples were taken before exercise and 30, 90, 180, and 240 min following exercise and were analyzed for glucose, sodium, hemoglobin, hematocrit, renin, aldosterone, and osmolality. Body mass was measured before and after exercise and a final body mass was taken at 240 min. There were no differences in percent dehydration, sweat loss, or fluid intake between trials. Fluid retention was significantly greater for all carbohydrate beverages compared with P (66.3 ± 14.4%). P + E (71.8 ± 9.9%) was not different from water, 3% (75.4 ± 7.8%) or 6% (75.4 ± 16.4%) but was significantly less than 12% (82.4 ± 9.2%) retention of the ingested fluid. No difference was found between the carbohydrate beverages. Carbohydrate at the levels measured exerts a mild influence on fluid retention in postexercise recovery.

Functional Connectivity Within the Default Mode Network in Response to Exercise During Return-to-Sport Following Concussion

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (1 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S18.1-S18
Author(s):  
Jessica Coenen ◽  
Franziska Van Den Bongard ◽  
Anne Carina Delling ◽  
Claus Reinsberger
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Return To Sports ◽  
Alpha Band ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes

ObjectiveThe aim of this pilot study is to explore changes in EEG derived functional connectivity of the default mode network in response to physical exercise during return-to-sports (RTS) after sports related concussion (SRC).BackgroundThe rehabilitation of athletes with SRC is challenging. Presently, there are no objective biomarkers to predict effects of exercise during RTS. SRC associated diffuse axonal injuries predominantly affect the Default Mode Network (DMN). Assessing exercise induced changes in functional connectivity of the DMN may therefore be a potential target.Design/MethodsEleven athletes were examined during the early stages of RTS after SRC (age: 23.90 ± 4.81) and compared to 13 control athletes (age: 24.00 ± 4.90). Resting state 128-channel EEGs were collected before and after a progressive ergometer exercise protocol working up to 70% of the maximal heart rate. DMN connectivity was assessed by calculating the phase locking value (PLV) in 3 frequency bands (theta: 3–7, alpha: 7–13, beta: 14–25). Wilcoxon Signed Rank Tests were used to explore statistical significance between pre- and post-exercise.ResultsIn SRC athletes PLV within the alpha band decreased significantly post-exercise (median [Mdn] = 0.445, interquartile range [IQR = 0.069) in comparison to pre-exercise (Mdn = 0.436, IQR = 0.047; Z = −1.956, p < 0.05), whereas no difference was observed in the control group (post-exercise [Mdn = 0.476, IQR = 0.072] compared to pre-exercise [Mdn = 0.461, IQR = 0.100; Z = −0.175, p = 0.86]). PLVs in the theta and beta band before and after exercise differed neither in the patient nor in the control group.ConclusionsExercise induced changes of functional connectivity of the DMN within the alpha band were only present in post-concussed athletes and may be suitable as a potential objective marker to reflect pathophysiologic changes in further clinical studies to guide RTS.

Abstract 36: Changes in HDL Particle Traits in Response to Regular Exercise: Results from the HERITAGE Family Study

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A Sarzynski ◽  
Tuomo Rankinen ◽  
Arthur S Leon ◽  
Dabeeru C Rao ◽  
James S Skinner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Study ◽  
Familial Aggregation ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes

Given the controversy around HDL-C as a therapeutic target, there is a need to investigate other features of HDL and how they respond to various preventive interventions. We tested the hypothesis that regular exercise would have beneficial effects on HDL particle (HDL-P) traits in sedentary adults. Methods: The following HDL-P traits were measured via NMR (Liposcience Inc.) before and after completion of a 20-week exercise program in the HERITAGE Family Study (N=715): concentration of total, large, medium, and small HDL-P and mean HDL-P size. ANCOVA was used to test for aggregation of HDL-P trait responses in families controlling for age, sex, and baseline BMI and trait value. Results: The concentration of large HDL-P significantly increased in response to regular exercise in both Black and White participants, while the increase was significantly larger in females compared to males (Table 1). In general, regular exercise decreased the concentration of medium and small HDL-P. Together, these responses contributed to a significant increase in the average cholesterol content of HDL particles. Exercise-induced changes in large HDL-P were inversely correlated with changes in fat mass and systolic blood pressure. Moreover, changes in BMI were significantly associated with changes in all of the HDL-P traits, but not with HDL-C. We found significant evidence of familial aggregation for the exercise-induced changes in HDL-P traits in both races, as there was 1.4 to 1.6 times more variance between than within families for the changes in total (p=0.02 in Whites) and large HDL-P (p=0.004 in Whites, p=0.02 in Blacks) and HDL-P size (p=0.0009 in Whites, p=0.009 in Blacks). Conclusion: The HDL-P subclass profile favorably responded to regular exercise in sedentary Black and White adults, highlighted by increases in the concentration of large HDL-P, and may be influenced by a significant genetic component. We provide evidence that regular exercise could potentially be used as an HDL-based therapy designed to target beneficial subfractions.

scholarly journals Changes in sprint performance and sagittal plane kinematics after heavy resisted sprint training in professional soccer players

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Lahti ◽  
Toni Huuhka ◽  
Valentin Romero ◽  
Ian N. Bezodis ◽  
Jean-Benoit Morin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprint Training ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Intervention Models ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Post Hoc

Sprint performance is an essential skill to target within soccer. However, time-consuming intervention models could be easily rejected by coaches. Therefore, alternative and efficient field training options are warranted. One such method could be heavy resisted sprint training. However, it is unknown whether such overload will be efficient in assisting increases in sprint performance in a professional setting, and whether violating kinematic specificity via heavy loading will lead to changes in unloaded sprinting kinematics. Thus, we investigated whether heavy resisted training affects sprint performance and sagittal plane kinematics. Training-induced changes in sprint FV-profiles were computed before and after the 9-week, 2 sessions x week protocol. Out of the two recruited teams (N = 32, age: 24.1 ± 5.0 years: height: 180 ± 10 cm; body-mass: 76.7 ± 7.7 kg), one was used as a control group continuing training as normal (CON, N = 13), while the experimental team was divided into two subgroups based on their initial sprint performance: 1) Heavy sled training with the 60% velocity drop (N = 10) and 2) 50% velocity drop load (N = 9). Both experimental groups improved significantly all 0-30-m split times (p &lt; 0.05, d = -0.62 – -1.25), with post-hoc showing HS50% improving significantly compared to CON in 0-10-m split (d = 1.03) and Pmax (d = 1.16). No differences in sprinting kinematics were observed. With appropriate coaching, heavy sled training could be a pragmatic option to assist improvements in sprint performance without adverse changes in sprinting kinematics in professional soccer players.

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