scholarly journals Identification and Quantification of Enniatins and Beauvericin in Animal Feeds and Their Ingredients by LC-QTRAP/MS/MS

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefa Tolosa ◽  
Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco ◽  
Emilia Ferrer ◽  
Jordi Mañes
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mycotoxin Contamination ◽  
European Guidelines ◽  
Toxic Metabolites ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Common Combination ◽  
By Products

Emerging fusariotoxins, mainly enniatins (ENNs) and beauvericin (BEA), are secondary toxic metabolites produced by Fusarium spp. and are widely distributed contaminants of cereals and by-products. Mycotoxin contamination in these products supposes an important risk to feed supply security in the feed industry due to the common use of cereals in feed formulations. Hence, continuous monitoring of both raw materials and feed mixtures is highly recommended as stated by sanitary authorities. Therefore, an analytical procedure based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and an acetonitrile-based extraction followed by a d-SPE (QuEChERS) step for the simultaneous determination of emerging Fusarium mycotoxins was in-house validated and successfully applied to raw materials (n = 39) and feed manufactured with them (n = 48). The analytical method was validated following the European guidelines and satisfactory results were obtained. Both raw materials and complete feedstuffs showed mycotoxin contamination at incidences of 18% and 92%, respectively. ENN B was the most commonly found mycotoxin in the analyzed samples at concentrations up to several tens of µg/kg. On the other hand, the co-occurrence of mycotoxins was observed in 47% of samples, ENN B and BEA being the most common combination. These results highlight the necessity to take a vigilant attitude to monitor the occurrence of contaminants in raw materials and feedstuffs throughout the manufacturing chain and storage.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Determination of Acrylamide and Hydroxymethylfurfural in Extruded Products by LC-MS/MS Method

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antun Jozinović ◽  
Bojan Šarkanj ◽  
Đurđica Ačkar ◽  
Jelena Panak Balentić ◽  
Domagoj Šubarić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Extruded Products ◽  
Snack Products ◽  
By Products

The aim of this study was to develop a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of acrylamide and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in corn snack products enriched with food industry by-products: brewer’s spent grain (BSG), sugar beet pulp (SBP) and apple pomace (AP). Development of the method included the study of different sources for ionization, different mobile phases, different extraction conditions as well as different methods of sample preparation. Finally, the single LC-MS/MS method was developed for the analysis of both analytes in one step with a duration of 20 min using a simple single-step extraction. The method with apparent recoveries of 91.4 and 90.4 for acrylamide and HMF, respectively, was applied for the analysis of non-extruded and extruded samples. The obtained results shown that the acrylamide content was <LOD (limit of detection) for all raw materials and non-extruded mixtures, while HMF increased proportionally to the content of added by-products in the mixtures. After the extrusion process, quantification of the acrylamide could be done in all samples. A higher amount of by-products entails higher contents of acrylamide and HMF, with the most significant effect in AP extrudates, where the highest content of HMF (6069 ± 789 ng/g) and acrylamide (5.37 ± 0.50 ng/g) in samples with 15% AP was observed.

scholarly journals USE OF TRAINING DISCUSSION AT LABORATORY AND PRACTICAL LESSONS WHILE IMPLEMENTING COMPETENCY BASED APPROACH

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Olga P. Sazhina ◽  
Oxana V. Glazkova ◽  
Alexandr A. Shabarin ◽  
Yulia I. Matyushkina
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Common Activity ◽  
Competency Based ◽  
The Common ◽  
Effectiveness Of Training

An approach implemented in a higher school education system requires use of interactive forms in learning process. Using the example of organisation of laboratory and practical lessons "Methods of quality control with respect to raw materials and products of chemistry manufacture" the effectiveness of training discussions as an interactive form of learning while implementing a competency based approach was demonstrated. Analysis of natural magnetite, used as a raw material for production of iron by the pyrometallurgical method, was chosen as a subject of the discussion. Initially, students analyse State Standard (GOST) N 32517.1-2013 on their own. In class they analyse the Standard from the perspective of use of potentiometric titration instead of visual one under the supervision of instructors. They do modernization of technique for determining: correct a list of specimen used, solution strength, mass of magnetite sample, volume of a sample for titration; suggest a list of laboratory dishes and devices, make preliminary calculations and find out the calculation formula. In the course of discussion, the most preferable method of experiment is elaborated on and recorded. Upon completion a public discussion of the results is held. Each group analyses the obtained data, indicates the positive and negative sides of the suggested method for potentiometric determination of iron content in naturally occurring magnetite. Based on results of questionnaire survey having been held among students who took part in the pedagogic experiment, it was discovered that the proposed way of holding laboratory and practical lessons is more effective in comparison to the traditional one, while serving to unlock the students’ research potential. This way requires applying theoretical skills learned earlier to perform a particular research task. They also learn to work in a team, to sum up results of the common activity and hold responsibility for the results received. Moreover, public speaking is also an important point of learning process. The proposed methods of gaining skills for solution of training tasks facilitate development of intellectual, speaking and communicative students’ competences; they make future specialists more prepared for resolving real production issues.For citation:Sazhina O.P., Glazkova O.V., Shabarin A.A., Matyushkina Yu.I. Use of training discussion at laboratory and practical lessons while implementing competency based approach. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 7. P. 97-101.

scholarly journals Determination and Confirmation of Tulathromycin Residues in Bovine Liver and Porcine Kidney via Their Common Hydrolytic Fragment Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry

2011 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 436-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela L Boner ◽  
David W Gottschall ◽  
Heasook Kim-Kang
Keyword(s):  
Acid Treatment ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Bovine Liver ◽  
Porcine Kidney ◽  
Strong Cation Exchange ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Confirmatory Assay ◽  
The Common

Abstract An accurate, reliable, and reproducible analytical method using HPLC/MS/MS for the determination of tulathromycin residues in bovine liver and porcine kidney via their common hydrolytic fragment (CP-60,300) was developed and validated. Briefly, the method involved an initial acid treatment of intact tissues, which yielded the common fragment (CP-60,300). A portion of the acid hydrolyzate was purified by SPE using a strong cation exchange cartridge. Evaporation of the purified extract was followed by reconstitution in aqueous buffer and analysis by HPLC/MS/MS under isocratic conditions. The developed method provided acceptable sensitivity for determinative surveillance of tulathromycin in porcine kidney and bovine liver with an LOQ of 7.50 and 2.75 g/g, respectively. The overall recovery and precision (CV) of 45 determinations of each tissue were 97.8 (5.3) for porcine kidney and 96.9 (7.9) for bovine liver. Accuracy, precision, linearity, specificity, and ruggedness were demonstrated. An HPLC/MS/MS method was also developed for use in these tissues as a confirmatory assay following modifications to the MS detection parameters. The confirmatory method demonstrated acceptable sensitivity for confirmatory evaluation of tulathromycin in porcine kidney and bovine liver at tolerances of 15 and 5.5 g/g, respectively.

Processing of Dolomitic By-Products into Porous Restoration Binder

2018 ◽  
Vol 788 ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Inta Kirilovica ◽  
Viktorija Sučevana
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Hydraulic Binder ◽  
Similar Materials ◽  
Magnesium Oxychloride ◽  
By Products

The goal of this work concerns the synthesis of a binder for restoration purposes that is physically and chemically compatible with dolomitic Roman cement, a historical binder used for the construction of significant architectural heritage objects in the 19th and 20th centuries. Dolomitic marlstone, the traditional raw material of dolomitic Roman cement, is not being obtained anymore and it is also hard to achieve a constant chemical composition. To address these issues, the experimental synthesis of a low temperature hydraulic binder using locally sourced raw materials, namely dolomite flour and clay, was performed. The developed synthesis technology provides economic and ecological advantages compared to other similar materials, such as lime with pozzolan additive, lime and cement mixtures and magnesium oxychloride cements. The raw material, dolomite flour, is a by–product in the manufacturing process; furthermore, the low firing temperature (800 °C) reduces the power consumption required to obtain the binder.The aim of the work is determination of porosity-related physical characteristics of dolomitic binder that is synthesized by using manufacturing by-product – dolomite flour – as basic raw material to evaluate it’s suitability for restoration purposes.

scholarly journals A circular approach to technological innovation with waste from the agri-industrial supply chain

2021 ◽  
pp. 208-217
Author(s):  
Corrado Carbonaro ◽  
Roberto Giordano ◽  
Jacopo Andreotti ◽  
Denis Faruku
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Product Innovation ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Method Performance ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Work Method ◽  
By Products

Today’s construction sector is able to act as a catalyst for circular processes in synergy with various industrial supply chains, including those that include the reuse of plant by-products, which can potentially be used as secondary raw materials (SRM). These processes fall within a research cluster described through four projects, articulated on the basis of an experimental work method, performance monitoring and assessment of environmental impact. The activities of the cluster have led to collaboration between companies and universities, laying the foundations for process and product innovation, highlighting the need to implement tools and policies to streamline SRM recovery and storage chains.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF LIPOPHILIC FRACTION OF THE COMMON PUSSYTOES HERB

2019 ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
R. Yu. Basaraba
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Common ◽  
Lipophilic Fraction

Introduction. The lipophilic fractions of many medicinal plants today are poorly understood, despite the fact that they contain such important biologically active substances as chlorophylls, carotenoids, tocopherols, phytosterols, fatty acids, phospholipids, etc., which according to the literature show reparative, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, immunostimulant, antitumor activity. Compounds of lipophilic nature are carotenoids and chlorophylls are of great importance. Carotenoids increase the body's resistance to mutagens and carcinogens, reduce age-related degenerative changes in tissues, inhibit proliferation of malignant cells, activate the synthesis of cytokines and interleukins, participate in the regulation of gene transcription, and also exhibit immunomodulatory effects. The antioxidant properties of carotenoids cause their photo-protective, radioprotective, anti-mutagenic and anti-carcinogenic effects. Chlorophyll in the human body promotes the formation of hemoglobin and can be used in medicine as a valuable therapeutic agent that accelerates the processes of hematopoiesis, affects the blood's formula, as well as stabilizes the functioning of the circulatory system. It has the ability to activate various functions of the human body, in particular thyroid gland, antitoxic function of the liver, as well as a tonic, normalizes metabolic processes and improves immunity. The aim of the study – to obtain a lipophilic extract from the herb of the common pussytoes, to study its qualitative composition and to determine the quantitative content of carotenoids and chlorophylls. Research Methods. The lipophilic fraction from the common pussytoes herb was maintained by the way of exhausting extraction of the raw materials chloroform in the Sockslet apparatus. The obtained lipophilic fraction was used for the determination of chlorophylls and carotenoids. The definitions are followed by the TLC method. Determination of the quantitative content of chlorophylls and carotenoids was carried out by spectrophotometric method. Content of the amount of chlorophylls was determined at 670 nm in terms of chlorophyll A; carotinoids – for the benefit of a wave of 450 nm, based on β-carotene. Results and Discussion. The results of the studies showed that the yield of the lipophilic fractions of the common pussytoes herb was equal to the absolute dry material (6.17±0.12) %. Lipophilic fraction of the common pussytoes herb is a thick butter indiscrete mass of dirty-green color with a pleasant specific odor; practically insoluble in water purified P and ethanol 96 % P, readily soluble in chlorophyll P. The content of chlorophylls and carotenoids in the investigated extract was (0.085±0.003) % and (0.029±0.001) %. The content of chlorophylls in the common pussycat herb was 2.9 times higher than carotenoids. Conclusions. The lipophilic fraction of the common pussytoes herb was obtained, the output of which was 6.17 %. In the lipophilic fraction, the quantitative content of chlorophylls and carotenoids was determined, which was in the common pussytoes herb 0.085 % and 0.029 %, respectively.

Usability of field X-ray fluorescence analyzers for determination of the chemistry of cement raw materials - using an example of Mokrá Quarry

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Zimák ◽  
Kristýna Dalajková ◽  
Roman Donocik ◽  
Petr Krist ◽  
Daniel Reif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
X Ray
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