scholarly journals Metallothermic Al-Sc Co-Reduction by Vacuum Induction Melting Using Ca

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic Brinkmann ◽  
Carolin Mazurek ◽  
Bernd Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
Software Tool ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Vacuum Induction Melting ◽  
Vacuum Induction Furnace ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Induction Melting ◽  
Metallothermic Reduction ◽  
In Situ Extraction ◽  
Master Alloys

Due to its enhancing properties in high-tech material applications, the rare earth element Scandium (Sc) is continuously gaining interest from researchers and material developers. The aim of this research is to establish an energy and resource efficient process scheme for an in situ extraction of Al-Sc master alloys, which offers usable products for the metallurgical industry. An AlSc20 alloy is targeted with an oxyfluoridic slag as a usable by-product. The thermochemical baseline is presented by modelling using the software tool FactSage; the experimental metal extraction is conducted in a vacuum induction furnace with various parameters, whereas kinetic aspects are investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. The Sc-containing products are analyzed by ICP-OES/IC concerning their chemical composition. Optimum parameters are derived from a statistical evaluation of the Sc content in the obtained slag phase. The material obtained was high in Ta due to the crucible material and remarkably low in Al and F; a comparison between the modelled and the obtained phases indicates kinetic effects inhibiting the accomplishment of equilibrium conditions. The formation of a Sc-rich Al-Sc phase (32.5 wt.-% Sc) is detected by SEM-EDS analysis of the metal phase. An in situ extraction of Al from Ca with subsequent metallothermic reduction of ScF 3 as a process controlling mechanism is presumed.

Synthesis and Forming of Titanium Matrix Composites by Casting Route

2007 ◽  
Vol 334-335 ◽  
pp. 297-300
Author(s):  
Si Young Sung ◽  
Bong Jae Choi ◽  
Young Jig Kim
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Melting Furnace ◽  
Vacuum Induction Melting ◽  
Induction Melting ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Titanium Matrix ◽  
Titanium Matrix Composites ◽  
Electron Probe Micro Analyzer ◽  
Transmission Electron

The aim of this study is to evaluated the possibility of the in-situ synthesized (TiC+TiB) reinforced titanium matrix composites (TMCs) for the application of structural materials. In-situ synthesis and casting of TMCs were carried out in a vacuum induction melting furnace with Ti and B4C. The synthesized TMCs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, an electron probe micro-analyzer and transmission electron microscopy, and evaluated through thermodynamic calculations. The spherical TiC plus needle-like and large, many-angled facet TiB reinforced TMCs can be synthesized with Ti and B4C by a melting route.

scholarly journals Investigations on the Process of Lead Removal from Cu-Pb Alloys During their Melting in Vacuum Induction Furnace

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 2449-2453 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Siwiec ◽  
P. Buliński ◽  
M. Palacz ◽  
J. Smołka ◽  
L. Blacha
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Induction Furnace ◽  
Vacuum Induction Melting ◽  
Vacuum Induction Furnace ◽  
Lead Removal ◽  
Induction Melting ◽  
Melting Technology

AbstractThe paper presents analysis and assessment of operating power of vacuum induction furnace in relation to the efficiency of lead removal from Cu-Pb alloy in VIM (vacuum induction melting) technology. Thermodynamic analysis of the process is performed as well.

(TiB+TiC) Hybrid Titanium Matrix Composites Shot Sleeve for Aluminum Alloys Diecasting

2006 ◽  
Vol 15-17 ◽  
pp. 231-235
Author(s):  
Bong Jae Choi ◽  
Si Young Sung ◽  
Young Jig Kim
Keyword(s):  
Investment Casting ◽  
Melting Furnace ◽  
In Situ Synthesis ◽  
Vacuum Induction Melting ◽  
Induction Melting ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Shot Sleeve ◽  
Titanium Matrix ◽  
Titanium Matrix Composites

The aim of this study is to fabricate an α-case free (TiB+TiC) hybrid titanium matrix composites (TMCs) shot sleeve for aluminum alloy diecasting by in-situ synthesis and investment casting. Granular 1.88 wt% B4C was added to a titanium matrix in a vacuum induction melting furnace. The synthesized (TiB+TiC) TMCs were examined using electron probe micro-analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The results of the in-situ synthesis and investment casting of the TMCs show that our casting route constitutes an effective approach to the economic net-shape forming of TMC sleeves.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic Studies and Optimization of the Method for Obtaining Neodymium Fluoride for the Production of Magnetic Sensors’ Sensitive Elements

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 8361
Author(s):  
Andrei N. Kropachev ◽  
Sergey V. Podrezov ◽  
Alexander V. Aleksakhin ◽  
Andrey A. Gudilin ◽  
Olga A. Kondratyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Chemical Transformation ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Magnetic Sensors ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Metallothermic Reduction ◽  
Elemental Fluorine ◽  
Sensor Material ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Master Alloys

Rare earth metals (REM) with magnetic properties find application in the recently developed high-tech industries. Sensor magnetic systems based on neodymium are increasingly in demand in modern engineering and geological surveys due to their favorable combination of properties of magnetic materials based on rare earth metals. One of the problems is to obtain high-quality materials for the production of such magnetic sensors. It should be noted that the high activity of REM does not allow obtaining master alloys and REM-based alloys from metallic materials; it is advisable to use halide compounds. This work discusses a method for producing neodymium fluoride from its oxide. REM fluorides can be obtained by fluorinating the oxides of these metals. Various fluorine-containing compounds or elemental fluorine are usually used as fluorinating reagents, which have their own advantages and disadvantages. The thermodynamic and technological analysis of neodymium fluoride production processes has shown the most acceptable fluorinating agent is ammonium hydrofluoride, which was used in this work. In order to increase the productivity and degree of chemical transformation, it was proposed to perform heating stepwise; i.e., at the initial stage, heat at a speed of 3 degrees per minute, after which the heating speed was reduced to 2 degrees per minute, and finally the speed was reduced to 1 degree per minute. Due to proposed heating mode, the same productivity and yield of chemical transformation were achieved, with an increased efficiency up to 30%, which can significantly reduce the cost of production. The obtained product is used in the production of neodymium-based alloys by metallothermic reduction of a mixture of fluorides. The sensor material obtained in this way is characterized by a low (less than 0.05%) oxygen content.

scholarly journals The possibility of using high-quality fused magnesia in the manufacture of crucibles for vacuum-induction melting

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
B. L. Krasnii ◽  
K. I. Ikonnikov ◽  
V. S. Anikanov ◽  
A. L. Galganova ◽  
M. A. Mikhailov
Keyword(s):  
Induction Furnace ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Vacuum Induction Melting ◽  
Vacuum Induction Furnace ◽  
Induction Melting ◽  
Concrete Technology ◽  
Nickel Cobalt ◽  
Subsequent Decomposition ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Characteristics

The prospect of using crystalline fused magnesia (FL LC) in the manufacture technology of melting crucibles by the method of isostatic pressing is shown. It has been established that the production of a material based on MgO using concrete technology is limited to the hydration and loosening of the structure due to the formation and subsequent decomposition of brucite (native magnesia). The physical and mechanical characteristics of the obtained products are given. The effect of the CaO/SiO2 ratio on the corrosion and erosion resistance of products is considered. The raw material should have a molar ratio of these oxides of more than 1,7. Pressed crucibles were tested in the production of nickel, cobalt and tin based alloys in a vacuum induction furnace. The parameters of operation of products in the enterprise are shown. The effect of clogging by crucible materials during smelting of pure nickel has also been studied. The absence of contamination of the melt with crucible materials such as silicon dioxide, aluminosilicates and oxide films, etc., has been established.

Influence of Master Alloy on the Cleanliness of Spray Formed Superalloy

2014 ◽  
Vol 788 ◽  
pp. 421-425
Author(s):  
Wen Yong Xu ◽  
Zhou Li ◽  
Hua Yuan ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Na Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Master Alloy ◽  
Spray Forming ◽  
Vacuum Induction Melting ◽  
Induction Melting ◽  
Refractory Materials ◽  
Master Alloys ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Better Than

Three kinds of master alloys, including scrap material, vacuum induction melting (VIM) ingot and electro slag remelting (ESR) ingot, were spray formed into different billets. The influence of master alloy on the cleanliness of spray formed superalloy was investigated by means of electron beam (EB) button melting and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), on the basis of optimized process of spray forming and EB button melting. The results show that the inclusions in spray formed preform are mainly composed of alumina and magnesia, stem from master alloy and some refractory materials in the process of remelting. The cleaner the master alloy, the lower level of inclusion contents of the billet. Among three kinds of master alloys, the ESR ingot exhibit the cleanest melt surface in the process of re-melting and contains much smaller inclusions in EB button. The cleanliness of spray formed billet is better than ingot stack for deposition. Superclean sprayforming billet with smaller size inclusions (<100μm) can be attained by the ESR ingots.

scholarly journals Preparation of Novel Al-Er Master Alloys in Chloride-Fluoride Melt

2018 ◽  
Vol 918 ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Igorevich Kosov ◽  
Vladimir Yuryevich Bazhin
Keyword(s):  
Master Alloy ◽  
Eutectic Reaction ◽  
The Novel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Metallothermic Reduction ◽  
Master Alloys ◽  
Backscattered Electron ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Electron Imaging

A novel Al-Er master alloy has been prepared through in situ metallothermic reactions of NaErF4 and aluminium melts. The compound NaErF4 is formed as a result of the interaction of NaF and ErF3 in the melt medium KCl. The metallothermic reactions produce erbium, which through low solubility in molten aluminium and forms intermetallic compound Al3Er. The microstructures of the Al-Er master alloy with different contents of the alloying metal has been investigated. The results showed that the Al-Er master alloy mainly consisted of phases of α-Al and Al3Er, that confirmed by the results of X-ray diffraction. Backscattered electron imaging of the Al-Er master alloy under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed the presence of phase Al3Er, which crystallized in the eutectic composition [Al+Al3Er]. The observed microstructure is explained according to the eutectic reaction in an Al-Er phase diagram. The preparation of Al-Er master alloy by the metallothermic reduction method will allow to reduce energy consumption for master alloy production and to reduce the cost of aluminium alloys alloyed with Er through the novel master alloy.

EFFECT OF VACUUM INDUCTION MELTING TECHNOLOGY ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Nb-16Si-22Ti-2Al-2Hf-17Cr ALLOY

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (15n16) ◽  
pp. 2940-2945 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIAOJIAN LI ◽  
HU ZHANG ◽  
JIANGBO SHA
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Vacuum Induction Melting ◽  
Vacuum Induction Furnace ◽  
Induction Melting ◽  
Arc Melting ◽  
Temperature Fracture ◽  
High Temperature Compressive Strength

This paper dealt with the effect of different induction melting technologies on mechanical properties of Nb -16 Si -22 Ti -2 Al -2 Hf -17 Cr alloy. The cast ingots were fabricated first by arc-melting, and then remolten in the vacuum induction furnace. The results showed that the ingot with refining process of 1800°C/15min and 0.1 at% C addition had finer microstructure and higher room-temperature fracture toughness. In addition, the compressive strength of the ingot with refining technology of 1700°C/10min was 315MPa at 1250°C. However, the arc melting ingot had the lowest fracture toughness and high-temperature compressive strength.

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