scholarly journals Effects of Fe11+ Ions Irradiation on the Microstructure and Performance of Selective Laser Melted 316L Austenitic Stainless Steels

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1140
Author(s):  
Dajun Huan ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Xiaodong Chen ◽  
Hongquan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Irradiation Temperature ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Dislocation Loops ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Radiation Degradation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Microstructure And Performance

The effect of irradiation temperature on the microstructure, hardness, and corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steels (SS) fabricated by the selective laser melting (SLM) process was investigated to further understand the radiation degradation of the additive manufactured steels. The Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) results confirmed the cellular sub-grains and the high-density dislocation networks present in the SLM formed 316L SS. After exposing samples to Fe11+ ions irradiation till 1 dpa at room temperature, the ultra-fine sub-grain structure maintains its configuration, but the dislocations were observed expanding from the vicinity of the sub-grain boundaries into the grains. In contrast, the expanding phenomenon of dislocations was insignificant in samples irradiated at 450 °C. The average size of dislocation loops increased from 6 to 8.5 nm when the irradiation temperature increased, with the number density decreased from 2.7 × 1022/m3 to 1.3 × 1022/m3. This study reveals that the reduced dislocation loop density and distribution region caused by the improved temperature will suppress the radiation hardening and corrosion of SLM 316L SSs.

Some Implications of Radiation-Induced Property Changes in Austenitic Stainless Steels on ITER First-Wall Design and Performance

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (3P2B) ◽  
pp. 1571-1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Maziasz ◽  
A.F. Rowcliffe ◽  
M.L. Grossbeck ◽  
G.E.C. Bell ◽  
E.E. Bloom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
First Wall ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Property Changes

Sheet Formability and Performance of Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steels

2008 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 423-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron B. Tague ◽  
Martin C. Mataya ◽  
David K. Matlock ◽  
George Krauss
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Sheet Formability ◽  
And Performance

Defect Microstructures and Deformation Mechanisms in Irradiated Austenitic Stainless Steels

1996 ◽  
Vol 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Bruemmer ◽  
J. I. Cole ◽  
R. D. Carter ◽  
G. S. Was
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Deformation Mechanisms ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Dislocation Loops ◽  
Intergranular Cracking ◽  
Localized Deformation ◽  
Electron Microscopies ◽  
Defect Microstructures

AbstractMicrostructural evolution and deformation behavior of austenitic stainless steels are evaluated for neutron, heavy-ion and proton irradiated materials. Radiation hardening in austenitic stainless steels is shown to result from the evolution of small interstitial dislocation loops during lightwater-reactor (LWR) irradiation. Available data on stainless steels irradiated under LWR conditions have been analyzed and microstructural characteristics assessed for the critical fluence range (0.5 to 10 dpa) where irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking susceptibility is observed. Heavy-ion and proton irradiations are used to produce similar defect microstructures enabling the investigation of hardening and deformation mechanisms. Scanning electron, atomic force and transmission electron microscopies are employed to examine tensile test strain rate and temperature effects on deformation characteristics. Dislocation loop microstructures are found to promote inhomogeneous planar deformation within the matrix and regularly spaced steps at the surface during plastic deformation. Twinning is the dominant deformation mechanism at rapid strain rates and at low temperatures, while dislocation channeling is favored at slower strain rates and at higher temperatures. Both mechanisms produce highly localized deformation and large surface slip steps. Channeling, in particular, is capable of creating extensive dislocation pileups and high stresses at internal grain boundaries which may promote intergranular cracking.

Radiation Damage in Vanadium

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
Robert C. Rau ◽  
Robert L. Ladd ◽  
John Moteff
Keyword(s):  
Vacuum Annealing ◽  
Neutron Fluence ◽  
Dislocation Loops ◽  
Defect Clusters ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Small Defect ◽  
Cluster Density ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Average Cluster ◽  
Very High

Transmission electron microscopy has been used to study the microstructure of vanadium irradiated at reactor ambient temperature (∼ 70°C) to a fast (E > 1 MeV) neutron fluence of 5 x 1019 n/cm2. Observations were made of the as-irradiated material, and after one-hour vacuum annealing at various temperatures ranging from 330°C to 1175°C.In the as-irradiated condition, shown in Fig. 1, a very high density of small defect clusters was present. These clusters appeared as black dots averaging approximately 25-50 Å in diameter, and were estimated to be present in quantities of 1016 to 1017 per cm3. Post-irradiation annealing caused the clusters to increase in average size and decrease in number, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, until after the highest temperature anneal, 1175°C, the cluster density was legs than 1014 per cm3 and the average cluster size was approximately 500Å. After annealing at temperatures of 510°C or above, many of the clusters were seen to be resolvable as dislocation loops. Tilting experiments indicated that these loops were probably interstitial in nature.

Effect of Slab Quality on the Microstructure and Performance of Q345C Hot Rolling Strip Used for Pipe Pile Foundation

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 1210-1214
Author(s):  
Hai He Luo ◽  
De Hui Zou ◽  
Zhi Fen Wang ◽  
Han Xiong Dong ◽  
Zhong Bo Dong
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Hot Rolling ◽  
Pile Foundation ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Pipe Pile ◽  
Corrosion Reaction ◽  
Rolling Strip ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Microstructure And Performance

The Effect of slab quality on the microstructure and performance of Q345C hot rolling strip for pipe pile foundation were studied by SEM, EBSD, mechanical test and corrosion test. The results showed that the dendrite size of the slab had a great impact on the grain size of the steel. The fine grain structure can significantly improve the mechanical properties of the steel, but to some extent, reduce its corrosion resistance. In the early and later stage of the corrosion reaction, the coarse grain structure can improve the corrosion resistance. However, in the middle stage of the corrosion reaction, the grain size had no significant effect on the corrosion resistance. The rust layer included the inner layer and the outer layer, in which the inner layer was relatively compact, and they were mainly composed of the oxide of iron.

Interaction between Dislocation Sliding and Damage Structure in Ion-irradiated Stainless Steels

2008 ◽  
Vol 1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terumitsu Miura ◽  
Katsuhiko Fujii ◽  
Koji Fukuya
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Plastic Strain ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Stacking Fault ◽  
Stacking Fault Energy ◽  
Dislocation Loops ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Damage Structure

ABSTRACTThe interaction between dislocation sliding and damage structure in ion-irradiated austenitic stainless steels was investigated. Solution annealed type 316 and 304 stainless steels (316SS and 304SS) were irradiated with 2.8 MeV Fe2+ ions at 300 °C up to 10 dpa and tensiled to 2% plastic strain at 300 °C. Dislocations moving from unirradiated matrix were prevented due to the interactions with the damage structures consisted of dislocation loops and voids in the damage region. The prevention of dislocation movements by the damage structures became strong in 304SS compared in 316SS; probably due to lower stacking fault energy in 304SS. The prevention of dislocation movements was weak for Fe ion-irradiated specimens in which the increase in shear strength calculated from the size and number density of the defects was small compared to He ion-irradiated specimens.

XTEM microscopy of martensitic transformations in noble gas implanted stainless steel

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 206-207
Author(s):  
E. Johnson ◽  
A. Johansen ◽  
L. Sarholt-Kristensen ◽  
E. Gerritsen ◽  
J. Politiek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Noble Gas ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Martensitic Transformations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transmission Electron

Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) has been used to study the microstructure of noble gas implanted austenitic stainless steels, and in particular to analyse the depth distribution of implantation induced martensite in relation to the general radiation damage distribution.Large discs of low-austenitic stainless steels have been ion implanted with noble gases to fluences in the range l.1020 - 1.1021 m-2. Samples of the implanted discs for cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) were made by electroplating the implanted surface with a 3 mm thick layer of nickel, cutting 3 mm discs from the interface and electropolishing the discs to perforation using a Struers TENUPOL immersion jet apparatus.In samples implanted with low fluences (1-1020 m-2) the implantation zone consists of a heavily damaged top layer containing a dense distribution of microscopic noble gas inclusions, which are visible in defocusing phase contrast. The inclusions are ∽ 3-5 nm in diameter, and the smallest inclusions contain noble gas in the solid phase.

scholarly journals Processing and Properties of Reversion-Treated Austenitic Stainless Steels

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Järvenpää ◽  
Matias Jaskari ◽  
Anna Kisko ◽  
Pentti Karjalainen
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Processing Route ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Fine Grained

Strength properties of annealed austenitic stainless steels are relatively low and therefore improvements are desired for constructional applications. The reversion of deformation induced martensite to fine-grained austenite has been found to be an efficient method to increase significantly the yield strength of metastable austenitic stainless steels without impairing much their ductility. Research has been conducted during thirty years in many research groups so that the features of the reversion process and enhanced properties are reported in numerous papers. This review covers the main variables and phenomena during the reversion processing and lists the static and dynamic mechanical properties obtained in laboratory experiments, highlighting them to exceed those of temper rolled sheets. Moreover, formability, weldability and corrosion resistant aspects are discussed and finally the advantage of refined grain structure for medical applications is stated. The reversion process has been utilized industrially in a very limited extent, but apparently, it could provide a feasible processing route for strengthened austenitic stainless steels.

scholarly journals Detection of Hg2+ Metal Ions Using Silver Nanoparticles Stabilized by Gelatin and Tween-20

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilis Sulistiawaty ◽  
Sri Sugiarti ◽  
Noviyan Darmawan
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Reduction Method ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Average Size

Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by reduction method using glucose as reducing agent for precursor AgNO3. This research was aimed at comparing the stability and performance of silver nanoparticles with stabilizer gelatin (Gelatin-AgNPs) and tween-20 (Tween-AgNPs) produced from the synthesis to the silver nanoparticles without stabilizer, and applying the Gelatin-AgNPs and Tween-AgNPs to detect heavy metal in water sample. The silver nanoparticles produced were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). From measurement of UV-Vis spectrophotometer, the absorbance wavelength of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) appeared in range 411 nm, Gelatin-AgNPs in 417 nm, and Tween-AgNPs in 420 nm. The identification using TEM showed the average size for each AgNPs, Gelatin-AgNPs, and Tween-AgNPs was 11.73, 9.68, and 17.54 nm, respectively. The result showed that Gelatin-AgNPs has better stability compared to Tween-AgNPs. The reaction of Gelatin-AgNPs and Tween-AgNPs with several ions showed color changes of Gelatin-AgNPs and Tween-AgNPs occurred only on addition to Hg2+ metal ions solution. Based on the experiment of Hg2+ metal ions determination this method has limit of detection of 0.45 mg/L for Gelatin-AgNPs and 0.13 mg/L for Tween-AgNPs.

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