scholarly journals Processing and Properties of Reversion-Treated Austenitic Stainless Steels

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Järvenpää ◽  
Matias Jaskari ◽  
Anna Kisko ◽  
Pentti Karjalainen
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Processing Route ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Fine Grained

Strength properties of annealed austenitic stainless steels are relatively low and therefore improvements are desired for constructional applications. The reversion of deformation induced martensite to fine-grained austenite has been found to be an efficient method to increase significantly the yield strength of metastable austenitic stainless steels without impairing much their ductility. Research has been conducted during thirty years in many research groups so that the features of the reversion process and enhanced properties are reported in numerous papers. This review covers the main variables and phenomena during the reversion processing and lists the static and dynamic mechanical properties obtained in laboratory experiments, highlighting them to exceed those of temper rolled sheets. Moreover, formability, weldability and corrosion resistant aspects are discussed and finally the advantage of refined grain structure for medical applications is stated. The reversion process has been utilized industrially in a very limited extent, but apparently, it could provide a feasible processing route for strengthened austenitic stainless steels.

ALLEGHENY LUDLUM MINIMISER 316/316L

Alloy Digest ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Crevice Corrosion ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Carbide Precipitation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Type 316L

Abstract Allegheny Ludlum 316 and 316L are corrosion resistant, molybdenum bearing austenitic stainless steels. Type 316L is the low carbon grade of type 316 offering decreased carbide precipitation. The MINIMISER form is an improved machinability version with a change in the sulfur composition, still maintaining the dual certification capability of the base type 316/316L grades. Like standard 316 and 316L stainless steels, MINIMISER 316/316L is more resistant to acids and pitting/crevice corrosion than the molybdenum-free 18-8 type stainless steels. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, microstructure, and elasticity. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SS-776. Producer or source: Allegheny Ludlum Corporation.

scholarly journals Microstructure/Mechanical Characterization of Plasma Nitrided Fine-Grain Austenitic Stainless Steels in Low Temperature

Nitrogen ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-258
Author(s):  
Abdelrahman Farghali ◽  
Tatsuhiko Aizawa ◽  
Tomoaki Yoshino
Keyword(s):  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Nitrided Layer ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Solute Content ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Applied Loading ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile Testing

Fine-grained austenitic stainless steels (FGSS) were plasma nitrided below 700 K to describe their microstructure evolution during the nitrogen supersaturation process and to investigate the post-stressing effect on the microstructure and mechanical properties of nitrided FGSS. Normal- and fine-grained AISI304 plates were nitrided at 623 K and 673 K to investigate the grain size effect on the nitrogen supersaturation process as well as the microstructure evolution during the nitriding process. Fine-grained AISI316 (FGSS316) wires were nitrided at 623 K to demonstrate that their outer surfaces were uniformly nitrided to have the same two-phase, refined microstructure with high nitrogen solute content. This nitrided FGSS316 wire had a core structure where the original FGSS316 core matrix was bound by the nitrided FGSS316 layer. The nitrided wire had higher stiffness, ultimate strength, and elongation in the uniaxial tensile testing than its un-nitrided wires. The core microstructure was refined and homogenized by this applied loading together with an increase of nitrided layer hardness.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Implantation on the Structure and Properties of Austenitic Corrosion-Resistant Steels

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
D.S. Asanova ◽  
A.S. Vasiliev ◽  
N.N. Ozerets ◽  
V.V. Berezovskaya ◽  
M.A. Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Cold Plastic Deformation ◽  
Corrosive Environment ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Nitrogen Implantation ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Nitrogen Ions

Work is devoted to studying the effect of implantation of nitrogen ions into the surfaceof austenitic stainless steels to improve their functional properties. Four grades ofaustenitic corrosion-resistant steels 02H16N10M2, 08H15AG10D2, 06H15AG9NM2 and09H15AG9ND2 were taken after cold plastic deformation and annealing from 680 ∘Cin water and subsequent implantation with N+ ions with different radiation dose: 0,01 и0,1%. It was found that irradiation of austenitic stainless steels with nitrogen ions can beconsidered an effective way to increase the hardness and yield strength of steels in theoperation in a corrosive environment.

Analyses of Texture and Deformation Mechanism in Fine-Grained Austenitic Stainless Steels by Electron Back Scatter Diffraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 941 ◽  
pp. 218-223
Author(s):  
Kyoichi Ishida ◽  
Taku Matsuo ◽  
Muneyuki Imafuku
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Tensile Deformation ◽  
Texture Evolution ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Plastic Instability ◽  
Electron Back Scatter Diffraction ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Α Phase ◽  
Work Hardening Rate

We investigated texture evolution features in fine-grained austenitic stainless steels (JIS-SUS304) under tensile deformation. Three kinds of fine-grained specimens having average grain sizes, d =0.5 μm, 2 μm and 9 μm were prepared. The mechanical properties and phase transformation behaviors of fine grained specimens were compared to those of commercially available SUS304 ( d =16 μm). Tensile test showed increase of yield and tensile strength and decrease of work hardening rate and significant martensitic phase transformation in earlier stage of deformation for 2 μm specimen. These results suggest that simultaneous progress of the dynamic recovery of dislocations in γ-phase and the evolution of harder α’-phase owe the elongation and hardening respectively in fine-grained specimen. From the result of texture analysis, the texture evolution process was different from for each specimen, although the final orientation was almost the same. At the plastic instability stage, an increase of {112}<111>γ phase and a decrease of {112}<113>α’ phase occurred simultaneously for fine-grained 2 μm specimen whereas the opposite tendency was observed for 16 μm specimen. Such a grain size dependence of texture affects an extra ductility of SUS304 at the latter stage of deformation.

scholarly journals Duplex Stainless Steels—Alloys for the 21st Century

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 836
Author(s):  
Roger Francis ◽  
Glenn Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steels ◽  
Corrosion Resistant

Duplex stainless steels were first manufactured early in the 20th century, but it was the introduction in the 1970s of the argon-oxygen decarburisation (AOD) steel making process and the addition of nitrogen to these steels, that made the alloys stronger, more weldable and more corrosion resistant. Today, duplex stainless steels can be categorised into four main groups, i.e., “lean”, “standard”, “super”, and “hyper” duplex types. These groups cover a range of compositions and properties, but they all have in common a microstructure consisting of roughly equal proportions of austenite and ferrite, high strength, good toughness and good corrosion resistance, especially to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) compared with similar austenitic stainless steels. Moreover, the development of a duplex stainless-steel microstructure requires lower levels of nickel in the composition than for a corresponding austenitic stainless steel with comparable pitting and crevice corrosion resistance, hence they cost less. This makes duplex stainless steels a very versatile and attractive group of alloys both commercially and technically. There are applications where duplex grades can be used as lower cost through-life options, in preference to coated carbon steels, a range of other stainless steels, and in some cases nickel alloys. This cost benefit is further emphasised if the design engineer can use the higher strength of duplex grades to construct vessels and pipework of lower wall thickness than would be the case if an austenitic grade or nickel alloy was being used. Hence, we find duplex stainless steels are widely used in many industries. In this paper their use in three industrial applications is reviewed, namely marine, heat exchangers, and the chemical and process industries. The corrosion resistance in the relevant fluids is discussed and some case histories highlight both successes and potential problems with duplex alloys in these industries. The paper shows how duplex stainless steels can provide cost-effective solutions in corrosive environments, and why they will be a standard corrosion resistant alloy (CRA) for many industries through the 21st century.

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