scholarly journals Effect of the Sputtering Power on the Structure, Morphology and Magnetic Properties of Fe Films

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 896
Author(s):  
Chunxia Zhou ◽  
Tongkui Li ◽  
Xianshun Wei ◽  
Biao Yan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Iron Film ◽  
Film Research ◽  
Sputtering Power ◽  
Structure Morphology ◽  
Average Grain Size

In this paper, the radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering (MS) method was utilized to fabricate multiple sets of the iron film samples under different sputtering powers. With the help of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), how the sputtering power affected the structure, morphology and magnetic properties of the iron film was studied. XRD results showed that all Fe films have a polycrystalline bcc structure and (110) preferred orientation. According to the Bragg equation calculation, the larger the sputtering power, the larger the average grain size, which is consistent with the results of AFM particle size analysis. The main reason is that the sputtering power affects the grain growth mode. As the sputtering power increases, it gradually changes from a small island-like growth to a thick columnar growth. However, from the surface morphology and height profile, we saw that the iron film deposited under 230 W had the most uniform grain size distribution and the grain size was relatively small. This is why thin films deposited under this condition have the best soft magnetic properties. The saturation magnetization (Ms) reaches 1566 emu/cm3, coercivity (Hc) is 112 Oe, and squareness ratio (Mr/Ms) is 0.40. Therefore, iron film prepared under 230 W has good comprehensive properties (highest Ms, lower Hc and Mr/Ms) that provide an experimental basis for further thin film research work.

scholarly journals The Influence of Annealing Temperature on the Structure and Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline BiFeO3 Prepared by Sol–Gel Method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Pikula ◽  
T. Szumiata ◽  
K. Siedliska ◽  
V. I. Mitsiuk ◽  
R. Panek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Weak Ferromagnetism ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Spin Cycloid

AbstractIn this work, BiFeO3 powders were synthesized by a sol–gel method. The influence of annealing temperature on the structure and magnetic properties of the samples has been discussed. X-ray diffraction studies showed that the purest phase was formed in the temperature range of 400 °C to 550 °C and the samples annealed at a temperature below 550 °C were of nanocrystalline character. Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetization measurements were used as complementary methods to investigate the magnetic state of the samples. In particular, the appearance of weak ferromagnetic properties, significant growth of magnetization, and spin-glass-like behavior were observed along with the drop of average grain size. Mössbauer spectra were fitted by the model assuming cycloidal modulation of spins arrangement and properties of the spin cycloid were determined and analyzed. Most importantly, it was proved that the spin cycloid does not disappear even in the case of the samples with a particle size well below the cycloid modulation period λ = 62 nm. Furthermore, the cycloid becomes more anharmonic as the grain size decreases. The possible origination of weak ferromagnetism of the nanocrystalline samples has also been discussed.

MICROSTRUCTURE AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF NANOSTRUCTURED Al2O3-20vol%Fe70Co30 COMPOSITE PREPARED BY HIGH ENERGY MECHANICAL MILLING

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (06n07) ◽  
pp. 1383-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASLEEYATI YUSOP ◽  
DELIANG ZHANG ◽  
MARCUS WILSON ◽  
NICK STRICKLAND
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Alloy Powder ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Composite Powders ◽  
Nanostructured Composite ◽  
Alloy Particles ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Microstructure And Magnetic Properties

Al 2 O 3-20 vol % Fe 70 Co 30 composite powders have been prepared by high energy ball milling a mixture of Al 2 O 3 powder and Fe 70 Co 30 alloy powder. The Fe 70 Co 30 alloy powder was also prepared by mechanical alloying of Fe and Co powders using the same process. The effects of milling duration from 8 to 48 hours on microstructure and magnetic properties of the nanostructured composite powders have been studied by means of X-ray Diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). It was found that the nanostructured composite powder particles with irregular shapes and Fe 70 Co 30 alloy particles being embedded in them formed after 8 hours of milling. The average grain size of the Al 2 O 3 matrix reduced drastically to less than 18nm after 16 hours of milling. On the other hand, the embedded alloy particles demonstrated almost unchanged average grain size in the range of 14-15nm. Magnetic properties of the powder compacts at room temperature were measured from hysteresis curves, and show strong dependence of the milling time, with the coercivity increasing from 67.1 up to 127.9kOe with increasing the milling time from 8 to 48 hours. The possible microstructural reasons for this dependence are discussed.

Grain Size Dependent Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline Sm [BE]Co [BD][BJ]/Cu

2001 ◽  
Vol 703 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bessais ◽  
C. Djéga-Mariadassou ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
V. Lalanne ◽  
A. Percheron-Guégan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Magnetic Metal ◽  
Chemical Distribution

ABSTRACTThe evolution of both micro structural and magnetic properties of the Sm[BE]Co[BD][BJ] Cu powder, is studied as a function of soft co-milling time. The average grain size in the range 20 - 50 nm was determined by transmission electron microscopy coupled with x-ray diffraction using the Rietveld method. The particle shape and chemical distribution were investigated by elemental mapping, using wavelength dispersive x-ray analysis with electron microprobe analysis. The coercivity evolution shows that an optimum value of 6 kOe is obtained after 5 h co-milling. The microstructure analysis indicates that both materials are well mixed in nanometer scale. This technique appears as a potential route to synthesize nanocrystalline Sm[BE]Co[BD][BJ] isolated by non-magnetic metal Cu.

EFFECT OF COPPER OXIDE ON THE GRAIN GROWTH AND INITIAL PERMEABILITY OF Mg–Cu–Zn FERRITES

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 169-182
Author(s):  
M. MANJURUL HAQUE ◽  
M. HUQ ◽  
SYED FARID UDDIN FARHAD ◽  
JASIM UDDIN KHAN ◽  
M. A. HAKIM
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Spinel Phase ◽  
Initial Permeability ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Zn Ferrite ◽  
Effect Of Copper ◽  
Microstructure And Magnetic Properties

The microstructure and magnetic properties of Mg – Cu – Zn ferrites prepared by using solid-state reaction method have been investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), impedance analyzer and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were utilized in order to study the effect of copper substitution and its impact on the crystal structure, grain size, microstructure and magnetic properties of the Mg – Cu – Zn ferrite. The formation of cubic spinel phase was identified using XRD technique. The microstructures of the samples show that the grain growth is greatly enhanced by the addition of CuO which is attributed to the liquid phase during sintering. The average grain size (Dm) increases significantly with increasing Cu content. The initial permeability (μ') of the samples increases appreciably with increasing Cu content which is attributed to the increase of grain size and density of the samples. The resonance frequency (fr) of the samples shifts toward the lower frequency as the Cu content increases. The sharp fall of μ' in μ'-T curves is observed for all the samples which indicate the homogeneity of the samples. The saturation magnetization (Ms) of the Mg – Cu – Zn ferrites increases slightly with increasing Cu concentration.

Effects of Sputtering Conditions on Texture, Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of the CoCrPt/NiAl Thin Films

1998 ◽  
Vol 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-N. Hsu ◽  
D. E. Laughlin ◽  
D. N. Lambeth
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Optimum Pressure ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Sputtering Power ◽  
Sputtering Pressure ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Microstructure And Magnetic Properties

AbstractThe effects of sputtering argon pressures and sputtering power on the microstructure, texture and magnetic properties of NiAI underlayers on CoCrPt films were investigated. In this paper, the relationship between the sputtering conditions, microstructure, crystallographic texture and magnetic properties of these thin films will be discussed. By controlling the sputtering pressure and sputtering power, the texture and microstructure of NiAI underlayers were found to vary. This in turn was found to influence the magnetic properties of CoCrPt thin films. It was found that 10 mtorr is the optimum pressure to deposit the NiAl thin films to obtain the best magnetic properties for our system. At this argon pressure, the coercivity reached a maximum value because of the strongest CoCrPt (1010) texture and smallest grain size. At lower argon pressures (< 10 mtorr), NiAI tended to have a (110) texture reducing the CoCrPt (1010) texture, which in turn reduced the CoCrPt coercivity and S*. Also, high NiAl deposition pressures (>30 mtorr) yielded larger grains and a weaker CoCrPt (1010) texture, thereby decreasing the coercivity of the CoCrPt films. Increasing the sputtering power has been found to increase the CoCrPt coercivity and S* value. However, the grain sizes of the CoCrPt/NiAl thin films deposited at higher sputtering power were larger than those obtained at lower sputtering power.

scholarly journals Development of Functionally Graded Metal Composite (LM25-SiC) Using Centrifugal Casting Process and their Characterisation

10.29007/1zb1 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinjal Patel ◽  
Viral Panara ◽  
Mayur Sutaria
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Centrifugal Casting ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Outer Region ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
Sic Particles ◽  
Average Grain Size

The research work includes development of vertical centrifugal casting set-up for functionally graded metal composite (LM25-SiC) preparation. Material parameters like wt % of SiC Particles (2, 3.5, and 5%), average grain size of SiC particles (75, 44, and 6.5 μm) and process parameter like rotational speed of the mould (1000, 1100, 1200 RPM) are selected for characterization. Samples were tested for hardness and wear resistance to investigate the effect parameters on change of properties. Microstructure analysis was also performed. Total 11 FGM samples were made by varying different process parameters. It is found that hardness and wear resistant property improves with increase in wt% of SiC particles and mould rotation speed. It is also found that hardness and wear resistance value increases with reduction of average grain size of SiC particles. Increased mould rotation speed improves the level of distribution of reinforcing particles from inner to outer region.

scholarly journals A Conversion for Average Grain Size Based on Gamma Ray Well Log: Application in the Second Member of Xujiahe Formation of Anyue Area, Sichuan Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Chen ◽  
Hancheng Ji ◽  
Nansheng Qiu ◽  
Liang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Sichuan Basin ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Sediment Grain Size ◽  
Xujiahe Formation ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Logarithmic Relationship ◽  
Clastic Reservoirs

The grain sizes of clastic rock sediments serve as important depositional indicators that are significant in sedimentology and petroleum geology studies. Generally, gamma ray, spontaneous-potential and resistivity well logs are utilized to qualitatively characterize variations in sediment grain size and determine the lithology in clastic reservoirs. However, grain size analysis of modern sedimentary samples collected from active rivers and deltas indicates that the percentage of fine depositional component has a logarithmic relationship with the average grain size in delta and river systems. Using the linear relationship to process the lithology interpretation, siltstones or mudstone is likely to be interpreted as sandstone. Therefore, a logarithmic conversion formula was built up between the gamma ray logs and measured grain size for the second member of the Xujiahe Formation of Anyue Area in the Sichuan Basin. Using the formula, the average grain size and lithology of the exploration wells were determined for the interest intervals. Furthermore, the calculated grain size gives a better understanding of the controlling factors of hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs in the study area.

scholarly journals Structure and Properties of Nd-Fe-B Alloy Subjected to HDDR Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Szymański ◽  
B. Michalski ◽  
M. Leonowicz ◽  
Z. Miazga
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Master Alloy ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Rich Phase ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Reversal Phase ◽  
Neodymium Magnets

In this paper the Hydrogenation, Disproportionation, Desorption and Recombination (HDDR) route was tested, for the Nd-Fe-B master alloy, as a prospective procedure for recycling of sintered scrap neodymium magnets. The HDDR method is based on the hydrogen induced reversal phase transformation of Nd-Fe-B alloy: Nd2Fe14B + (2±x) H2 = 2NdH2±x + Fe2B + 12Fe. Microstructural observations (SEM), phase constitution studies (XRD) and measurement of magnetic properties (VSM) were done to investigate the HDDR transformation progress. It was observed that disproportionation reaction starts at the grain boundaries, where the Nd-rich phase is located. Average grain size was reduced and coercive material was produced as a result of the HDDR process. Obtained results are similar to literature data.

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