scholarly journals Development of Functionally Graded Metal Composite (LM25-SiC) Using Centrifugal Casting Process and their Characterisation

10.29007/1zb1 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinjal Patel ◽  
Viral Panara ◽  
Mayur Sutaria
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Centrifugal Casting ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Outer Region ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
Sic Particles ◽  
Average Grain Size

The research work includes development of vertical centrifugal casting set-up for functionally graded metal composite (LM25-SiC) preparation. Material parameters like wt % of SiC Particles (2, 3.5, and 5%), average grain size of SiC particles (75, 44, and 6.5 μm) and process parameter like rotational speed of the mould (1000, 1100, 1200 RPM) are selected for characterization. Samples were tested for hardness and wear resistance to investigate the effect parameters on change of properties. Microstructure analysis was also performed. Total 11 FGM samples were made by varying different process parameters. It is found that hardness and wear resistant property improves with increase in wt% of SiC particles and mould rotation speed. It is also found that hardness and wear resistance value increases with reduction of average grain size of SiC particles. Increased mould rotation speed improves the level of distribution of reinforcing particles from inner to outer region.

Production of functionally graded SiC/Al-Cu-Mg composite by centrifugal casting

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ömer Savaş ◽  
Ramazan Kayıkcı ◽  
Ferit Fiçici ◽  
Murat Çolak ◽  
Gürhan Deniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Centrifugal Casting ◽  
Liquid Aluminum ◽  
Outer Region ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Sic Particles ◽  
Reinforced Composite Material

AbstractThis study is aimed at investigating the production and wear properties of a functionally graded (FG) silicon carbide (SiC)-reinforced composite material, which was produced by stir casting followed by centrifugal casting. SiC powder (5 wt.%) was added into liquid aluminum at 750°C via stir casting, at which temperature a centrifugal force was applied to the mixture to drive the SiC particles toward the outer region of the mold. The results showed that two distinct regions formed in the cast samples after the centrifugation process. The outer region showed approximately 25% SiC particles resulting in almost SiC particle-free area in the internal region of the FG SiC-reinforced composite material. The test results showed that higher hardness and higher wear resistance could be obtained at the SiC-rich periphery of the cast FG composite material.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Mechanism of Double-Sided FSW on Microstructure and Mechanical Performance of AZ31 Alloy

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1982
Author(s):  
Suna Cha ◽  
Hongliang Hou ◽  
Yanling Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Az31 Alloy ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Joint Center ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Fsw Parameters

In the friction stir welding (FSW) process, the final performance of weld joints is determined by microstructures influenced mainly by the heat input and mechanical deformation. In this research, the effects of FSW parameters, rotation speeds, and welding passes, on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31 alloy were systematically and comparatively studied. It was found that the microstructure at the joint center with multi-pass FSW could obtain a smaller average grain size compared with the single pass. The differences of the grain size were reduced significantly when the samples experienced the double-side FSW process. The mechanical performance results showed that the optimum strength (315 MPa) was achieved through the double-side FSW process with a rotation speed of 500 r/min and welding speed of 60 mm/min. The mechanism of the parameters and double-sided process on mechanical properties of the joint samples was elaborated.

Investigation of the microstructure and thermo-mechanical properties of functionally graded materials fabricated by the vibrating centrifugal solid particle method

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440542110641
Author(s):  
Ali Hajisadeghian ◽  
Abolfazl Masoumi ◽  
Ali Parvizi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Solid Particle ◽  
Functionally Graded Materials ◽  
Centrifugal Casting ◽  
Particle Method ◽  
Outer Radius ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Graded Materials ◽  
Sic Particles ◽  
Inner Radius

In this research, SiC/Al A413.1 functionally graded materials (FGMs) were fabricated by the vibrating centrifugal solid particle method (VCSPM), and the effects of the SiC particles on the microstructure and thermo-mechanical properties of an A413.1 aluminium alloy were investigated. The benefits of a vibration during centrifugal casting of FGMs are illustrated. After designing and fabricating the centrifugal casting machine, cylindrical FGM specimens were produced using the centrifugal solid particle method (CSPM) and VCSPM. This study used SiC particles with an average particle size from 50 to 62 μm as reinforcements to fabricate A413.1-10 wt% SiC functionally gradient composites at three annular mould speeds (900–1500 and 2100 rpm) and with or without a vibration of the mould. The Brinell hardness was measured; the yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and Young’s modulus (E) were determined by tensile testing; the density was determined by the Archimedes method; and the thermal expansion coefficients were measured with a dilatometer. A comparison of the samples produced by the conventional method and VCSPM shows a significant reduction in the porosity and an increase in the distribution gradient of the reinforcing particles for the VCSPM case. It can be concluded that in both processes, the mechanical and thermal properties improved in most cases by moving from the inner radius to the outer radius because of the movement of particles towards the outer radius from the centrifugal force. The results also show that the use of a vibration dramatically increased the rate and speed of migration of gas bubbles towards the inner radius, and the mechanical properties (hardness, YS, UTS and E) improved by moving from the inner to outer radius due to an increase in the percentage of silicon carbide particles. Upon increasing the velocity and using the VCSPM, the slope of these changes becomes steeper than those for the vibration-free mode and at low rotation speeds.

scholarly journals Effect of the Sputtering Power on the Structure, Morphology and Magnetic Properties of Fe Films

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 896
Author(s):  
Chunxia Zhou ◽  
Tongkui Li ◽  
Xianshun Wei ◽  
Biao Yan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Iron Film ◽  
Film Research ◽  
Sputtering Power ◽  
Structure Morphology ◽  
Average Grain Size

In this paper, the radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering (MS) method was utilized to fabricate multiple sets of the iron film samples under different sputtering powers. With the help of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), how the sputtering power affected the structure, morphology and magnetic properties of the iron film was studied. XRD results showed that all Fe films have a polycrystalline bcc structure and (110) preferred orientation. According to the Bragg equation calculation, the larger the sputtering power, the larger the average grain size, which is consistent with the results of AFM particle size analysis. The main reason is that the sputtering power affects the grain growth mode. As the sputtering power increases, it gradually changes from a small island-like growth to a thick columnar growth. However, from the surface morphology and height profile, we saw that the iron film deposited under 230 W had the most uniform grain size distribution and the grain size was relatively small. This is why thin films deposited under this condition have the best soft magnetic properties. The saturation magnetization (Ms) reaches 1566 emu/cm3, coercivity (Hc) is 112 Oe, and squareness ratio (Mr/Ms) is 0.40. Therefore, iron film prepared under 230 W has good comprehensive properties (highest Ms, lower Hc and Mr/Ms) that provide an experimental basis for further thin film research work.

Effect of Heat Treatment on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Centrifugally Cast Functionally Graded Cu/Al2O3 Composite

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manu Sam ◽  
N. Radhika
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Centrifugal Casting ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Centrifugally Cast ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽  
Different Temperatures

A functionally graded Cu–10Sn–5Ni metal matrix composite (MMC) reinforced with 10 wt % of Al2O3 particles was fabricated using the centrifugal casting process with dimension Φout100 × Φin85 × 100 mm. The mechanical and wear resistance of the composite has been enhanced through heat treatment. Samples from of the inner zone (9–15 mm) were considered for heat treatment, as this zone has higher concentration of less dense hard reinforcement particles. The samples were solutionized (620 °C/60 min) and water quenched followed by aging at different temperatures (400, 450, and 550 °C) and time (1–3 h). Optimum parametric combination (450 °C, 3 h) with maximum hardness (269 HV) was considered for further analysis. Dry sliding wear experiments were conducted based on Taguchi's L27 array using parameters such as applied loads (10, 20, and 30 N), sliding distances (500, 1000, and 1500 m), and sliding velocities (1, 2, and 3 m/s). Results revealed that the wear rate increased with load and distance whereas it decreased initially and then increased with velocity. Optimum condition for maximum wear resistance was determined using signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) predicted the major influential parameter as load, followed by velocity and distance. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of worn surfaces predicted the wear mechanism, observing more delamination due to increase in contact patch when applied load increased. Results infer 8% increase in hardness after heat treatment, making it suitable for load bearing applications.

Microstructure of Al2O3-Fe FGM Obtained by Modified Slip-Casting Method

2005 ◽  
Vol 492-493 ◽  
pp. 665-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ozieblo ◽  
Tomasz Wejrzanowski ◽  
K. Konopka ◽  
Mikolaj Szafran ◽  
Krzysztof Jan Kurzydlowski
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Magnetic Force ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Slip Casting ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Field Lines ◽  
The Magnetic Field

This paper describes the technology and microstructure of Al2O3-Fe functionally graded composites, FGM, obtained by slip-casting under magnetic field. Alumina a-Al2O3, provided by Alcoa (symbol A16SG), with average grain size of 0.5 µm, and iron powder, (symbol Distaloy AB) from Hoganas, with average grain size of 35 µm, were used to produce a series of specimens which differed in contents of Fe particles in Al2O3. As a source of magnetic force a permanent magnet was used. Preforms were sintered in a vacuum at temp. 1470oC. The microstructures of the specimens were quantitatively described via stereological methods. Sections, parallel to the magnetic field lines were analyzed using special image analysis software. Stereological methods presented in this work have been used to determine gradient in the volume fraction of the Fe particles and variation in their size and dispersion. These parameters are essential for controlling the technological process of interest and to design microstructure for needed properties (fracture toughness).

scholarly journals Characterization of Aluminum Alloy–Silicon Carbide Functionally Graded Materials Developed by Centrifugal Casting Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1625
Author(s):  
Ioan Milosan ◽  
Tibor Bedő ◽  
Camelia Gabor ◽  
Daniel Munteanu ◽  
Mihai Alin Pop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Functionally Graded Materials ◽  
Centrifugal Casting ◽  
Metallic Copper ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Aluminum Carbide ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Graded Materials ◽  
Sic Particles ◽  
Molten Aluminum Alloy

The continuous development of modern industries rises the necessity for functionally graded materials. This research starts from the consideration that the incorporation of SiC particles in the molten aluminum alloy can be difficult due to the very low wettability of SiC particles. In order to increase their wettability, SiC particles were covered with a layer of metallic copper. The incorporation of SiC particles into the aluminum alloy mass was performed by centrifugal casting. The secondary hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy used in this study was elaborated within the crucible of a resistors heated furnace. The metallic coating of SiC particles, in addition to the effect of increasing their wettability by molten metal, also has a role in preventing the formation of aluminum carbide in case of heating above 700 °C. A great amount of attention was paid to the parameters used during the centrifugal casting process. The results showed that adjusting the proportion of SiC particles within the composite allows us to obtain values of the thermal expansion coefficient within previously established limits. The present work demonstrates that the coating of SiC particles covered with a thin layer of metallic Cu creates the conditions to easily incorporate them into the molten Al mass, thus obtaining FGMs with controlled properties.

Centrifugal Casting and Characterisation of Primary Silicon and Mg2Si Dispersed Aluminium Functionally Graded Materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 830-831 ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
P. Midhun Krishnan ◽  
Sanil Hari ◽  
E. Jayakumar ◽  
T.P.D. Rajan ◽  
K. Narayan Prabhu
Keyword(s):  
Radial Direction ◽  
Centrifugal Casting ◽  
Outer Region ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Primary Silicon ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Chemical Hardness ◽  
Primary Si ◽  
Inner Region

Aluminium based FGM rings, reinforced by in-situ primary Si and primary Si/ Mg2Si hybrid reinforcement were successfully fabricated by centrifugal casting and micro structural, chemical, hardness and corrosion characteristics were evaluated. It was observed that in Al-20Si ring the primary Si particles were present mostly in inner region and few in outer region where as in Al-20Si-3Mg ring both the primary silicon and Mg2Si were completely found in the inner region only resulting in a graded FGM structure. The hardness values were measured along radial direction of samples and variations corresponding to micro structural variation were analysed. Optical Emission spectroscopic studies have revealed the remarkable compositional changes along radial direction. Corrosion characteristics were also evaluated both in particle rich and depleted regions.

scholarly journals Wear-Resistance Improvement of 65Mn Low-Alloy Steel through Adjusting Grain Refinement by Cyclic Heat Treatment

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7636
Author(s):  
Ying Tong ◽  
Yu-Qing Zhang ◽  
Jiang Zhao ◽  
Guo-Zheng Quan ◽  
Wei Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Alloy Steel ◽  
Low Alloy Steel ◽  
Cyclic Heat Treatment ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Cyclic Heat ◽  
Cyclic Quenching

Refined microstructures achieved by cyclic heat treatment significantly contribute to improving the wear resistance of steels. To acquire the refined microstructures of 65Mn low-alloy steel, first, the specimens were solid solution-treated; then, they were subjected to cyclic heat treatment at cyclic quenching temperatures of 790–870 °C and quenching times of 1–4 with a fixed holding time of 5 min. The mechanical properties of 65Mn low-alloy steel in terms of hardness, tensile strength, elongation and wear resistance were characterized. Afterwards, the effect of cyclic heat treatment on microstructure evolution and the relationships between grain refinement and mechanical properties’ improvement were discussed. The results show that the average grain size firstly decreased and then increased with the increase in the quenching temperature. Hardness increased with grain refinement when the temperature was lower than 830 °C. Once the temperature exceeded 830 °C, hardness increased with the temperature increase owing to the enrichment of carbon content in the martensite. With the increase in cyclic quenching times, hardness continuously increased with grain refinement strengthening. In addition, both tensile strength and elongation could be significantly improved through grain refinement. The relationships among wear loss, hardness and average grain size showed that wear resistance was affected by the synthesis reaction of grain refinement and hardness. Higher hardness and refined grain size contributed to improving the wear resistance of 65Mn low-alloy steel.

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