scholarly journals Pulsed Laser Influence on Temperature Distribution during Dual Beam Laser Metal Deposition

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 766
Author(s):  
Marius Gipperich ◽  
Jan Riepe ◽  
Kristian Arntz ◽  
Thomas Bergs
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Metal Deposition ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Laser Metal Deposition ◽  
Effective Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Real Process ◽  
Dual Beam ◽  
Wide Range

Wire-based Laser Metal Deposition (LMD-w) is a suitable manufacturing technology for a wide range of applications such as repairing, coating, or additive manufacturing. Employing a pulsed wave (pw) laser additionally to the continuous wave (cw) process laser has several positive effects on the LMD process stability. The pw-plasma has an influence on the cw-absorption and thus the temperature distribution in the workpiece. In this article, several experiments are described aiming to characterize the heat input during dual beam LMD. In the first setup, small aluminum and steel disks are heated up either by only cw or by combined cw and pw radiation. The absorbed energy is then determined by dropping the samples into water at ambient temperature and measuring the water’s temperature rise. In a second experiment, the temperature distribution in the deposition zone under real process conditions is examined by two-color pyrometer measurements. According to the results, the pw plasma leads to an increase of the effective absorption coefficient by more than 20%. The aim of this work is to achieve a deeper understanding of the physical phenomena acting during dual beam LMD and to deploy them selectively for a better and more flexible process control.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Surfactants Mixtures in Aqueous Solution at Atmospheric Pressure and 10 bar Reservoir Atmosphere

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Elekes ◽  
Roland Nagy ◽  
László Bartha ◽  
Árpád Vágó
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Water Type ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Process ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Wide Range

This paper considers anionic and nonionic surfactants, as candidates for crude oil production by enhancement applications. In this study some colloidal properties of surfactants were tested by conventional and new test methods. The oil in water type emulsions have great importance in the petroleum industry. The stability of crude oil in water emulsions are investigated in a wide range of physical and chemical circumstances. Investigations at 10 bar are needed to get knowledges on the real conditions of the given petroleum exploration processes. A special glass cell was used for the tests of the mixtures various crude oil-water emulsions under hydrocarbon gas atmosphere and for the oil disclapement efficiency. Based on the experimental results it was found that emulsifying capacity was changed significantly by the real process conditions. The decrease of the density of hydrocarbon phase was contributed to the overall reduction in the efficiency of emulsifiers also occurred. Based on the experimented data it is supported to pay more attention to apply the real test conditions or approximate the real values.

Temperature distribution of gas powder jet formed by coaxial nozzle in laser metal deposition

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri N. Zavalov ◽  
Vladimir D. Dubrov ◽  
Elena S. Makarova ◽  
Nikolay G. Dubrovin ◽  
Fikret K. Mirzade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Metal Deposition ◽  
Laser Metal Deposition ◽  
Coaxial Nozzle

Reflectometry-based investigation of temperature fields during dual-beam Laser Metal Deposition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Gipperich ◽  
Christian Peters ◽  
Jan Riepe ◽  
Robin Day ◽  
Thomas Bergs
Keyword(s):  
Metal Deposition ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Laser Metal Deposition ◽  
Beam Laser ◽  
Dual Beam

Characterization of Colmonoy 227-F Samples Obtained by Direct Laser Metal Deposition

2009 ◽  
Vol 83-86 ◽  
pp. 842-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Angelastro ◽  
Sabina L. Campanelli ◽  
Antonio D. Ludovico
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Scanning Speed ◽  
Glass Container ◽  
Metal Deposition ◽  
Laser Metal Deposition ◽  
Metal Powders ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Direct Laser ◽  
Direct Laser Metal Deposition

Direct Laser Metal Deposition (DLMD) is an emerging technique in the group of Material Accretion Manufacturing (MAM) processes because of the possibility to fabricate and to repair a wide range of metal components with a complex geometry, starting from metal powders. DLMD is a technology which combines computer aided design, laser cladding and rapid prototyping. Fully dense metallic parts can be directly obtained through melting coaxially fed powders with a laser. The success of this technology in the die and tool industry depends on the parts quality to be achieved. An accurate control of the parameters such as laser power, spot diameter, scanning speed and powder mass flow rate is fundamental to obtain the required geometric dimensions and material properties. In this work, the performance of the DLMD process was examined in terms of hardness, porosity, microstructure, and composition. A fitting equipment was built and used for the experiments together with a CO2 laser machine with a maximum power of 3 kW. The material used for experimental tests was Colmonoy 227-F, a Nickel alloy specially designed for glass container mould protection and restoration.

In-process monitoring of the melt-pool motion during continuous-wave laser metal deposition

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Angel-Iván García-Moreno ◽  
Juan-Manuel Alvarado-Orozco ◽  
Juansethi Ibarra-Medina ◽  
Enrique Martínez-Franco
Keyword(s):  
Process Monitoring ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Metal Deposition ◽  
Continuous Wave Laser ◽  
Laser Metal Deposition ◽  
Melt Pool ◽  
Wave Laser

scholarly journals Influence of Process Conditions on the Local Solidification and Microstructure During Laser Metal Deposition of an Intermetallic TiAl Alloy (GE4822)

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 1106-1116
Author(s):  
Silja-Katharina Rittinghaus ◽  
Jonas Zielinski
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Titanium Aluminides ◽  
Metal Deposition ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Laser Metal Deposition ◽  
Melt Pool ◽  
Temperature Regimes

AbstractTemperature-time cycles are essential for the formation of microstructures and thus the mechanical properties of materials. In additive manufacturing, components undergo changing temperature regimes because of the track- and layer-wise build-up. Because of the high brittleness of titanium aluminides, preheating is used to prevent cracking. This also effects the thermal history. In the present study, local solidification conditions during the additive manufacturing process of Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb with laser metal deposition (LMD) are investigated by both simulation and experimental investigations. Dependencies of the build-up height, preheating temperatures, process parameters and effects on the resulting microstructure are considered, including the heat treatment. Solidification conditions are found to be dependent on the build height and thus actual preheating temperature, process parameters and location in the melt pool. Influences on both chemical composition and microstructure are observed. Resulting differences can almost be balanced through post heat treatment.

LMDCAM2: Software Tool for Near-Net Repair, Cladding and Built-Up by Laser Metal Deposition

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Flemmer ◽  
Norbert Pirch ◽  
Fabian Drinck
Keyword(s):  
Tool Path ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Metal Deposition ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Laser Metal Deposition ◽  
Tool Paths ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Subtractive Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Applications

Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) is growing in importance as a technique for the processing and manufacturing of parts in industry. LMD is used for a wide range of applications including the repair of worn parts, the built-up of 3D structures and the surface functionalization trough cladding. In many cases, the nominal CAD model from the design stage is no longer suitable for the representation of the part geometry due to distortion or defects especially in case of a worn part. This means for the generation of close contoured tool paths it is essential to create a digital model representing the surface of the actual part. This digitalization is often achieved by using a laser scanner whose raw output is represented by point cloud. Tool path planning software (CAM) available on the market generally demonstrate substantial deficits in generating paths on scanned surface data, because these programs are usually optimized on NURBS based surfaces and in most cases were originally designed for subtractive manufacturing applications. LMDCAM2 represents a new software tool especially designed for the LMD process. It is optimized for working with 3D scanned, triangulated data based models which could include noisy data and offers fundamental features for creating and manipulating tool paths adapted to the LMD process. Besides algorithms for calculating close contoured equidistant tracks, the software is also able obtain tracks for additive production through advanced slicing techniques of a 3D model.

scholarly journals Influences of process conditions on stability of sensor controlled robot-based laser metal deposition

Procedia CIRP ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 149-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malte Buhr ◽  
Julian Weber ◽  
Jan-Philip Wenzl ◽  
Mauritz Möller ◽  
Claus Emmelmann
Keyword(s):  
Metal Deposition ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Laser Metal Deposition

scholarly journals Using an acoustic levitator to investigate the drying kinetics and solids forming process of individual droplets during spray drying

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona Huelsmann ◽  
Guenter J. Esper ◽  
Reinhard Kohlus
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Drying Kinetics ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Real Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Acoustic Levitator

AbstractSpray drying is a widely used process to turn slurries into dry powders and is especially important for thermally-sensitive materials, that are often found in the food or pharmaceutical industry. However, detailed insight into the drying kinetics during spray drying is difficult to investigate due to the boundary conditions in a spray drying tower. As a result, there is a lack of important information on the drying process and subsequent solidification of individual droplets. In this context, an experimental setup for a droplet positioned in a stationary ultrasonic field of an acoustic levitator is designed to enable a non-contacting measurement of the drying kinetics and the subsequent solidification process. To generate a comparable situation like in a real spray drying process, the droplet is positioned in an airflow, where air temperature, humidity, and velocity can be adjusted over wide range. Using an infrared camera to measure the surface temperature and a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) camera for object recognition, the droplet can be observed continuously and drying kinetics of the droplet can be determined from the measured surface temperature and decreasing droplet size. Result of a 10 wt.% aqueous micro particle TiO2 suspension are reported and show that the investigated method is a very valuable and fast tool to safely scale-up spray drying systems very close to real process conditions. Especially when only small sample amounts are available in an early development stage.

scholarly journals Additive Manufacturing of β-NiAl by Means of Laser Metal Deposition of Pre-Alloyed and Elemental Powders

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2246
Author(s):  
Michael Müller ◽  
Bastian Heinen ◽  
Mirko Riede ◽  
Elena López ◽  
Frank Brückner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Metal Deposition ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
Laser Metal Deposition ◽  
Preheating Temperature

The additive manufacturing (AM) technique, laser metal deposition (LMD), combines the advantages of near net shape manufacturing, tailored thermal process conditions and in situ alloy modification. This makes LMD a promising approach for the processing of advanced materials, such as intermetallics. Additionally, LMD allows the composition of a powder blend to be modified in situ. Hence, alloying and material build-up can be achieved simultaneously. Within this contribution, AM processing of the promising high-temperature material β-NiAl, by means of LMD, with elemental powder blends, as well as with pre-alloyed powders, was presented. The investigations showed that by applying a preheating temperature of 1100 °C, β-NiAl could be processed without cracking. Additionally, by using pre-alloyed, as well as elemental powders, a single phase β-NiAl microstructure can be achieved in multi-layer build-ups. Major differences between the approaches were found within substrate near regions. For in situ alloying of Ni and Al, these regions are characterized by an inhomogeneous elemental distribution in a layerwise manner. However, due to the remelting of preceding layers during deposition, a homogenization can be observed, leading to a single-phase structure. This shows the potential of high temperature preheating and in situ alloying to push the development of new high temperature materials for AM.

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