scholarly journals Half-Cell State of Charge Monitoring for Determination of Crossover in VRFB—Considerations and Results Concerning Crossover Direction and Amount

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Theresa Haisch ◽  
Hyunjoon Ji ◽  
Lucas Holtz ◽  
Thorsten Struckmann ◽  
Claudia Weidlich
Keyword(s):  
Open Circuit ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Half Cell ◽  
Cell Potential ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Flow Batteries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Half

Membranes play a crucial role in efficiency and longevity of flow batteries. Vanadium flow batteries suffer self-discharge and capacity fading due to crossover of electrolyte components through the membrane from one battery half-cell to the other. We consider the impact of vanadium species crossing ion exchange membranes on state of charge of the battery and we present a simple method to determine crossoverll open circuit potential measurements. State of s. State of charge for the negative and positive half-cell is simulated based on assumptions and simplifications for cation and anion exchange membranes and different crossover parameters. We introduce a crossover index “IndXovr” which enables the determination of crossover direction from state of charge data for the negative and positive half-cell and therewith identification of the half-cell in which predominant self-discharge occurs. Furthermore IndXovr allows statements on crossover amount in dependence on state of operation. Simulated case studies are compared to experimental state of charge values estimated from half-cell potential measurements. Our results reveal that half-cell potential monitoring respectively half-cell SOC estimation, is a simple and suitable tool for the identification of crossover direction and relative amount of crossover in VFB.

THE EFFECT OF IMMERSION TIME ON THE CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF SUS304 IN BRINE USING HALF-CELL POTENTIAL MEASUREMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (6-9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saber Rashid ◽  
N. Islami ◽  
A. K. Ariffin ◽  
M. Ridha ◽  
S. Fonna
Keyword(s):  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Immersion Time ◽  
Plastic Anisotropy ◽  
Internal Stresses ◽  
Half Cell ◽  
Cell Potential ◽  
Potential Measurement ◽  
G 38 ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of immersion time, at different time values for two cases, with stressed and no stressed on materials. This study is conducted using SUS304 material with the presence of 3.5% NaCl at the range of stresses for the specimens lower than the yield strength.  The geometry of the C-ring specimen was selected for 18.974 mm and 1.244 mm for the outer diameters and the thickness respectively. The immersion time effect was investigated using the half-cell potential measurement following the ASTM G-38 standard. The approach of corrosion environment was applied to resemble the condition of loading history. Three levels of stresses were designed and applied in finite element analysis and the results known as the parameters of stress-corrosion measurement. The ASTM G-38 standard is prominent for making C-ring stress-corrosion for elastic stress analysis. The stress-corrosion test was performed at two parameters, fixed stress and no stress. The value of stresses for fixed stress was chosen for 179.199 MPa, 328.665 MPa and 460.131 MPa, correspondingly. The immersion time were selected from 0, 10 and 30 days. The electrochemical result shows that the immersion time did not affect vastly to the corrosion behavior for no stress-corrosion compared with fixed stress. The corrosion rate increases proportionally with the time immersion increments due to the inability of the steel layer protection to regenerate itself. Subsequently, it is also due to the metal was exposed to plastic deformation that resulting the internal stresses due to the plastic anisotropy of the grains.

scholarly journals Investigation on the Corrosion of Coated Steel Plates with Impact Defect using Divided Steel Plates

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marish S. Madlangbayan ◽  
Nobuaki Otsuki ◽  
Takahiro Nishida ◽  
Tsuyoshi Saito
Keyword(s):  
Polarization Resistance ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Coated Steel ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Half Cell ◽  
Cell Potential ◽  
Polarization Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Macrocell Corrosion

A method utilizing divided steel plates was used to investigate the corrosion of coated steel plates with impact defect while continuously submerged in 3% NaCl solution. The polarization behavior of circular divided steel plates was first compared to that of undivided ones. Half-cell potential and polarization resistance results show similar trend in divided and undivided form especially at the later stages of exposure. The method of using circular divided steel plates was then used to monitor the macrocell as well as microcell corrosion in coated steel plates induced with defect. The test results show that the defect causes macrocell corrosion to occur between the defect and sound portions. The impact defect also caused the reduction in the polarization resistance and consequently higher microcell corrosion at the neighbouring sound coated portions.

scholarly journals Design of Monovalent Ion Selective Membranes for Reducing the Impacts of Multivalent Ions in Reverse Electrodialysis

Membranes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abreham Tesfaye Besha ◽  
Misgina Tilahun Tsehaye ◽  
David Aili ◽  
Wenjuan Zhang ◽  
Ramato Ashu Tufa
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Anion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Reverse Electrodialysis ◽  
Multivalent Ions ◽  
Monovalent Ion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selective Membranes

Reverse electrodialysis (RED) represents one of the most promising membrane-based technologies for clean and renewable energy production from mixing water solutions. However, the presence of multivalent ions in natural water drastically reduces system performance, in particular, the open-circuit voltage (OCV) and the output power. This effect is largely described by the “uphill transport” phenomenon, in which multivalent ions are transported against the concentration gradient. In this work, recent advances in the investigation of the impact of multivalent ions on power generation by RED are systematically reviewed along with possible strategies to overcome this challenge. In particular, the use of monovalent ion-selective membranes represents a promising alternative to reduce the negative impact of multivalent ions given the availability of low-cost materials and an easy route of membrane synthesis. A thorough assessment of the materials and methodologies used to prepare monovalent selective ion exchange membranes (both cation and anion exchange membranes) for applications in (reverse) electrodialysis is performed. Moreover, transport mechanisms under conditions of extreme salinity gradient are analyzed and compared for a better understanding of the design criteria. The ultimate goal of the present work is to propose a prospective research direction on the development of new membrane materials for effective implementation of RED under natural feed conditions.

Photometrical Determination of the State-of-Charge in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries Part II: In Combination with Open-Circuit-Voltage

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (12) ◽  
pp. 1695-1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Geiser ◽  
Harald Natter ◽  
Rolf Hempelmann ◽  
Bernd Morgenstern ◽  
Kaspar Hegetschweiler
Keyword(s):  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
The State ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Vanadium Redox Flow Battery ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Partial State ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Vanadium Redox

AbstractBy means of in-situ UV/Vis/NIR spectrometry, separately both in the anolyte as well as in the catholyte of a vanadium redox flow battery (single cell) partial state-of-charge values are determined online. The UV/Vis/NIR spectroscopic experimental set-up is calibrated using the state-of-charge value determined from measurements of the open-circuit-voltage (OCV) in the pristine state of the battery which is related to Nernst’s equation taking into account also H+ formation/consumption during the V4+/V5+ redox process. The comparison of both partial state-of-charge values indicates a possible imbalance of the battery, which can occur after long-term operation.

scholarly journals Electrical Resistivity and Half-Cell Potential Studies to assess organic and inorganic corrosion inhibitors’ effectiveness in concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 01082
Author(s):  
V Srinivasa Reddy ◽  
K Satya Sai Trimurty Naidu ◽  
M V Seshagiri Rao ◽  
S Shrihari
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Half Cell ◽  
Cell Potential ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Constituent Material ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Inhibition Ability

Very limited guidelines are available on the use of corrosion resistant inhibitors as a constituent material in concrete due to availability of statistics on its corrosion inhibiting efficiency. So the study is conducted on the M25 grade concrete mixed with few selected corrosion inhibitors of organic and non-organic nature to comprehend the impact of these corrosion inhibitors on the conductivity of electricity in these concretes. Based on the other researchers’ work, four well know corrosion inhibitors such as Calcium nitrate, Di-ethanolamine, Sodium nitrite and Hexamine and are chosen for study. Dosages of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% the weight of cement are chosen. Measured electrical resistivity and half-cell potential values of all corrosion inhibitors admixed M25 grade concrete mixes indicates the superior corrosion inhibition ability of calcium nitrate and Di-ethanolamine’s with shows high electrical resistance.

The sensitivity determination of energetic materials from laser spark spectrometry based on physical-parameter-corrected statistical methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianshuang Wang ◽  
Junfeng Wang ◽  
Ying Fu ◽  
Ruibin Liu ◽  
Yage He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Parameter ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Energetic Materials ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Laser Spark ◽  
The Impact

A simple method combining the impact of various factors on sensitivity is developed to determine various sensitivities via laser spark spectrometry with the consumption of only several milligrams of EM, rather than via macro-detonation testing.

A rapid and simple method for routine determination of antibiotic sensitivity to biofilm populations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhammika Leshan Wannigama ◽  
Cameron Hurst ◽  
Parichart Hongsing ◽  
Lachlan Pearson ◽  
Thammakorn Saethang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Planktonic Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Response ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Treatment of infections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa forming biofilms after antimicrobial testing on planktonic bacteria can result in substantial failure. Therefore, we offer a robust and simple experimental platform to test the impact of antimicrobials on biofilms. Antibiotic response patterns varied uniquely within biofilm formation capacity and minimal biofilm eradication concentrations (MBECs) has a significantly better discriminatory power than minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to differentiate the overall efficiency of antibiotics to eradicate biofilm. Our resazurin-based 96-well-plate platform is able to emulate bacterial responses to antibiotics under biofilm conditions in a fast, simple, and cost-effective screening method adaptable to automation, and warrants trials in the clinic.

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