scholarly journals Gut–Liver Axis: How Do Gut Bacteria Influence the Liver?

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Konturek ◽  
Igor Harsch ◽  
Kathrin Konturek ◽  
Monic Schink ◽  
Thomas Konturek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Leaky Gut ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Gut Mucosal Barrier ◽  
The Relationship

Chronic liver diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recently, gut dysbiosis was identified as an important factor in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. The relationship between gut microbiota and the liver is still not well understood; however, dysfunction of the gut mucosal barrier (“leaky gut”) and increased bacterial translocation into the liver via the gut–liver axis probably play crucial roles in liver disease development and progression. The liver is an important immunological organ, and, after exposure to gut-derived bacteria via portal circulation, it responds with activation of the innate and adaptive immune system, leading to hepatic injury. A better understanding of the pathophysiological links among gut dysbiosis, the integrity of the gut barrier, and the hepatic immune response to gut-derived factors is essential for the development of new therapies to treat chronic liver diseases.

scholarly journals Association between Albumin-Bilirubin Grade and Non-Protein Respiratory Quotient in Patients with Chronic Liver Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Takata ◽  
Hiroki Nishikawa ◽  
Hirayuki Enomoto ◽  
Kazunori Yoh ◽  
Yoshinori Iwata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Optimal Cutoff ◽  
Optimal Cutoff Point ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
The Relationship

We sought to elucidate the relationship between albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade and non-protein respiratory quotient (npRQ) calculated by indirect calorimetry in chronic liver disease (CLD) patients (n = 601, median age = 63 years). Factors linked to npRQ < 0.85, which is reported to be an optimal cutoff point for the prognosis in liver cirrhosis (LC) patients, were also investigated using univariate and multivariate analyses. The median npRQ for all cases was 0.86. In total, 253 patients (42.1%) had npRQ < 0.85. The proportions of patients with npRQ < 0.85 in LC and non-LC patients were 51.9% (166/320) in LC patients and 31.0% (87/281) in non-LC patients (p < 0.0001). The median npRQ in ALBI grades 1, 2, and 3 for all cases were: 0.89, 0.85, and 0.82 (overall p < 0.0001). The proportions of patients with npRQ < 0.85 were 31.0% (71/229) in ALBI grade 1, 46.34% (152/328) in ALBI grade 2, and 68.18% (30/44) in ALBI grade 3 (overall p < 0.0001). In multivariate analyses of factors linked to npRQ < 0.85, ALBI grade 3 (p = 0.0095, hazard ratio = 3.242, ALBI grade 1 as a reference) was an independent predictor along with prothrombin time (p = 0.0139). In conclusion, ALBI grade can be a useful marker for npRQ in patients with CLDs.

The relationship between hepatic immunoglobulin production and CD154 expression in chronic liver diseases

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlyn J. Mayo ◽  
James M. Mosby ◽  
Rohan Jeyarajah ◽  
Burton Combes ◽  
Smina Khilnani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Immunoglobulin Production ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Chronic Kidney Disease – Chronic Liver Disease. An Immunologic Cross-talk

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Gh. Gluhovschi ◽  
Ligia Petrica ◽  
I. Sporea ◽  
Manuela Curescu ◽  
Silvia Velciov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Immune Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The relationship between the kidney and other organs is notable. The bestknown is the relation with the cardiovascular system. Relationships with other organs are less studied, although their involvement sometimes dominates the clinical picture and the outcome of disease. The paper analyzes the kidney-liver relationship, namely chronic kidney disease and chronic liver disease from an immune viewpoint. The immune system operates as a unitary whole. There is an interdependence between the immune system of the liver, considered a lymphoid organ, and the kidney, whose participation in immune processes is well-known. The most important chronic liver diseases are viral hepatitis B and C. Infection with these viruses can lead to renal involvement, producing mainly glomerular disease. At the same time, secondary glomerulonephritis can cause an unfavorable outcome of the primary disease. The relationship between chronic liver disease and chronic kidney disease during chronic B and C hepatitis occurs via circulating immune complexes or complexes formed in situ. Cell-mediated immunity is also involved. The antiviral treatment of B and C hepatitis is also aimed at secondary glomerular disease. The participation of immune mechanisms raises the question of administering immunomodulating medication, a type of medication that influences viral replication - this is why it is associated with antiviral medication. Other two chronic liver diseases, namely liver cirrhosis, in which the main mechanism is a toxic one, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis can produce via immune mechanisms glomerular involvement. In its turn, chronic kidney disease in advanced stages causes lipid metabolism disturbances with hypertriglyceridemia, which can influence fatty loading of the liver in the above-mentioned liver diseases. One can speak about a cross-talk between the liver and the kidney, in which immune mechanisms play an important role.

Helicobacter infection in patients with HCV-chronic liver diseases

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A725-A725
Author(s):  
M DORE ◽  
G REALDI ◽  
D MURA ◽  
D GRAHAM ◽  
A SEPULVEDA
Keyword(s):  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases

TRAF1-C5as risk locus for increased hepatic fibrosis in chronic liver diseases

2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Grünhage ◽  
A Höblinger ◽  
S Schwartz ◽  
T Sauerbruch ◽  
F Lammert
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Fibrosis ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Risk Locus

Targeting TGF-β2 in chronic liver diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Dropmann ◽  
H Korhonen ◽  
F Jaschinski ◽  
M Janicot ◽  
N Meindl-Beinker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases
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