scholarly journals The Anti-Viral Applications of Marine Resources for COVID-19 Treatment: An Overview

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 409
Author(s):  
Sarah Geahchan ◽  
Hermann Ehrlich ◽  
M. Azizur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Viral Entry ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Marine Metabolites ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Novel Drug ◽  
First Time ◽  
Potential Therapeutics

The ongoing pandemic has led to an urgent need for novel drug discovery and potential therapeutics for Sars-CoV-2 infected patients. Although Remdesivir and the anti-inflammatory agent dexamethasone are currently on the market for treatment, Remdesivir lacks full efficacy and thus, more drugs are needed. This review was conducted through literature search of PubMed, MDPI, Google Scholar and Scopus. Upon review of existing literature, it is evident that marine organisms harbor numerous active metabolites with anti-viral properties that serve as potential leads for COVID-19 therapy. Inorganic polyphosphates (polyP) naturally found in marine bacteria and sponges have been shown to prevent viral entry, induce the innate immune response, and downregulate human ACE-2. Furthermore, several marine metabolites isolated from diverse sponges and algae have been shown to inhibit main protease (Mpro), a crucial protein required for the viral life cycle. Sulfated polysaccharides have also been shown to have potent anti-viral effects due to their anionic properties and high molecular weight. Likewise, select marine sponges produce bromotyrosines which have been shown to prevent viral entry, replication and protein synthesis. The numerous compounds isolated from marine resources demonstrate significant potential against COVID-19. The present review for the first time highlights marine bioactive compounds, their sources, and their anti-viral mechanisms of action, with a focus on potential COVID-19 treatment.

scholarly journals Identification of Heparin Modifications and Polysaccharide Inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Invasion That Have Potential for Novel Drug Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle J. Boyle ◽  
Mark Skidmore ◽  
Benjamin Dickerman ◽  
Lynsay Cooper ◽  
Anthony Devlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Merozoite Invasion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Falciparum Merozoite ◽  
Successful Control ◽  
Novel Drug

ABSTRACT Despite recent successful control efforts, malaria remains a leading global health burden. Alarmingly, resistance to current antimalarials is increasing and the development of new drug families is needed to maintain malaria control. Current antimalarials target the intraerythrocytic developmental stage of the Plasmodium falciparum life cycle. However, the invasive extracellular parasite form, the merozoite, is also an attractive target for drug development. We have previously demonstrated that heparin-like molecules, including those with low molecular weights and low anticoagulant activities, are potent and specific inhibitors of merozoite invasion and blood-stage replication. Here we tested a large panel of heparin-like molecules and sulfated polysaccharides together with various modified chemical forms for their inhibitory activity against P. falciparum merozoite invasion. We identified chemical modifications that improve inhibitory activity and identified several additional sulfated polysaccharides with strong inhibitory activity. These studies have important implications for the further development of heparin-like molecules as antimalarial drugs and for understanding merozoite invasion.

scholarly journals Characterization of a profilin-like protein from Fasciola hepatica

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10503
Author(s):  
Jessica Wilkie ◽  
Timothy C. Cameron ◽  
Travis Beddoe
Keyword(s):  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Recombinant Expression ◽  
Tegument Proteins ◽  
Novel Treatments ◽  
The World ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms ◽  
Novel Drug ◽  
First Time ◽  
Important Disease

Fasciola hepatica is the causative agent of fasciolosis, an important disease of humans and livestock around the world. There is an urgent requirement for novel treatments for F. hepatica due to increasing reports of drug resistance appearing around the world. The outer body covering of F. hepatica is referred to as the tegument membrane which is of crucial importance for the modulation of the host response and parasite survival; therefore, tegument proteins may represent novel drug or vaccine targets. Previous studies have identified a profilin-like protein in the tegument of F. hepatica. Profilin is a regulatory component of the actin cytoskeleton in all eukaryotic cells, and in some protozoan parasites, profilin has been shown to drive a potent IL-12 response. This study characterized the identified profilin form F. hepatica (termed FhProfilin) for the first time. Recombinant expression of FhProfilin resulted in a protein approximately 14 kDa in size which was determined to be dimeric like other profilins isolated from a range of eukaryotic organisms. FhProfilin was shown to bind poly-L-proline (pLp) and sequester actin monomers which is characteristic of the profilin family; however, there was no binding of FhProfilin to phosphatidylinositol lipids. Despite FhProfilin being a component of the tegument, it was shown not to generate an immune response in experimentally infected sheep or cattle.

scholarly journals Naturally Prefabricated Marine Biomaterials: Isolation and Applications of Flat Chitinous 3D Scaffolds from Ianthella labyrinthus (Demospongiae: Verongiida)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Schubert ◽  
Björn Binnewerg ◽  
Alona Voronkina ◽  
Lyubov Muzychka ◽  
Marcin Wysokowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
3D Scaffolds ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
The Family ◽  
Unique Source ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
First Time

Marine sponges remain representative of a unique source of renewable biological materials. The demosponges of the family Ianthellidae possess chitin-based skeletons with high biomimetic potential. These three-dimensional (3D) constructs can potentially be used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this study, we focus our attention, for the first time, on the marine sponge Ianthella labyrinthus Bergquist & Kelly-Borges, 1995 (Demospongiae: Verongida: Ianthellidae) as a novel potential source of naturally prestructured bandage-like 3D scaffolds which can be isolated simultaneously with biologically active bromotyrosines. Specifically, translucent and elastic flat chitinous scaffolds have been obtained after bromotyrosine extraction and chemical treatments of the sponge skeleton with alternate alkaline and acidic solutions. For the first time, cardiomyocytes differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-CMs) have been used to test the suitability of I. labyrinthus chitinous skeleton as ready-to-use scaffold for their cell culture. Results reveal a comparable attachment and growth on isolated chitin-skeleton, compared to scaffolds coated with extracellular matrix mimetic Geltrex®. Thus, the natural, unmodified I. labyrinthus cleaned sponge skeleton can be used to culture iPSC-CMs and 3D tissue engineering. In addition, I. labyrinthus chitin-based scaffolds demonstrate strong and efficient capability to absorb blood deep into the microtubes due to their excellent capillary effect. These findings are suggestive of the future development of new sponge chitin-based absorbable hemostats as alternatives to already well recognized cellulose-based fabrics.

Bromopyrrole Alkaloids from the Jamaican Sponge Didiscus Oxeata

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (7) ◽  
pp. 427-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Feng Hu ◽  
Jiangnan Peng ◽  
Abul B. Kazi ◽  
Michelle Kelly ◽  
Mark T. Hamann
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Biological Investigation ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Acetone Extracts ◽  
First Time

Three bromopyrrole alkaloids (1–3) were isolated from the acetone extracts of Didiscus oxeata during chemical and biological investigation of Caribbean and Indo-Pacific marine sponges. The structures were established by spectroscopic methods. Mukanadin D (3) was obtained for the first time as a naturally-occurring C11 bromopyrrole alkaloid.

A checklist of marine sponges (Porifera) of peninsula India

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4885 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-300
Author(s):  
ANITA M. GEORGE ◽  
ROB W.M. VAN SOEST ◽  
ROBERT D. SLUKA ◽  
S. LAZARUS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Records ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Southern India ◽  
The West ◽  
Southwest Coast ◽  
Shallow Subtidal ◽  
First Time

An inventory of sponges from the shallow subtidal reefs of the west and east coasts of southern India is presented. The specimens offered in this paper were based on in-situ collections unlike the previous records of dry and net-entangled collections. A total of 101 species belonging to 12 orders, 22 families, 5 subfamilies and 44 genera from 4 subclasses of Class Demospongiae and one species from Class Calcarea are recorded. We recorded 18 new records to India, six new species combinations, 37 potential new records, and 40 species for the first time from the southwest coast. 

PEG–poly(amino acid)s-encapsulated tanshinone IIA as potential therapeutics for the treatment of hepatoma

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (20) ◽  
pp. 3115-3122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Frankie Costanza ◽  
Haifan Wu ◽  
Daqian Song ◽  
Jianfeng Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Tanshinone Iia ◽  
Novel Drug ◽  
Potential Therapeutics

PEG–poly(amino acid)s are used as a novel drug carrier for the treatment of hepatoma.

Beyond Polygodial: New Drimane Sesquiterpenes From a Southern Australian Marine Sponge, Dysidea sp.

1993 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Butler ◽  
RJ Capon
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sponge ◽  
Structure Elucidation ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Marine Metabolites ◽  
Ecological Relationship ◽  
Chemical Correlation ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
First Time ◽  
Absolute Stereochemistry

This report describes the isolation and structure elucidation of four new drimane sesquiterpenes (14)-(17) from a southern Australian marine sponge Dysidea sp. The structures for (14)-(17) were secured by detailed spectroscopic analysis, chemical interconversion and derivatization. Also reported are the known metabolites (+)- euryfuran (7), dihydropallescensin-2 (18), (-)- pallescensin-A (19) and (-)-7-deacetoxyolepupane (6). The rare co-occurrence of two antipodes, (7) and (19), in the same specimen highlights the dangers in assigning absolute stereochemistry based on 'unproven' biosynthetic relationships. The absolute stereochemistry for (6) has been unambiguously established for the first time by chemical interconversion to (7). Furthermore, the absolute stereochemistry of the new marine metabolites listed above, (14)-(17), were determined by chemical correlation to (6). A biosynthetic and ecological relationship is proposed between the metabolites from Dysidea sp. with the known marine and terrestrial antifeedant polygodial (8). Chemical investigations are reported that support this proposition.

scholarly journals Investigation into the prophylactic and therapeutic activity of coenzyme Q10 against COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 2387-2393
Author(s):  
Ali AL-Samydai ◽  
Maha N Abu Hajleh ◽  
Amal Akour ◽  
Naeem Shalan ◽  
Nisrein Jaber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Entry ◽  
Coenzyme Q10 ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Coenzyme Q ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Protein Targets ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Potential Activity ◽  
Diverse Virus

Purpose: To evaluate the anti-SARS CoV-2 effect of Coenzyme Q 10, Ubiquinol-10, and idebenone, which have beneficial therapeutic applications against diverse virus types, using molecular docking approach.Methods: The potential activity of Coenzyme Q10, Ubiquinol-10, and Idebenone against viral infections was explored through the collection of data from relevant literature, and by modelling these compounds virtually, using in silico investigation methods.Results: Coenzyme Q10 and ubiquinol-10 showed significant docking performance. They interacted with numerous amino acid residues of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 ACE2 (7C8J), Alpha thrombin (1AE8), TYRO (4TS1) protein targets sides, SARS-coronavirus Orf7a accessory protein (1XAK), TNF (1RJ8), and Cytokine/receptor (1I1R).Conclusion: The findings of our study showed promising inhibitory activities of the selected compounds against the main proteases of SARS-CoV-2. Consequently, these compounds have theoretical effects on inhibiting the viral entry, reproduction, and ultimately the prevention and/or treatment of the SARSCoV2 infection.

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