scholarly journals Influence of Carbohydrate Additives on the Growth Rate of Microalgae Biomass with an Increased Carbohydrate Content

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
Anna Andreeva ◽  
Ekaterina Budenkova ◽  
Olga Babich ◽  
Stanislav Sukhikh ◽  
Vyacheslav Dolganyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Dunaliella Salina ◽  
Arthrospira Platensis ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Microalgae Biomass ◽  
Total Carbohydrates

Our study focused on investigating the possibilities of controlling the accumulation of carbohydrates in certain microalgae species (Arthrospira platensis Gomont, Chlorella vulgaris Beijer, and Dunaliella salina Teod) to determine their potential in biofuel production (biohydrogen). It was found that after the introduction of carbohydrates (0.05 g⋅L−1) into the nutrient medium, the growth rate of the microalgae biomass increased, and the accumulation of carbohydrates reached 41.1%, 47.9%, and 31.7% for Arthrospira platensis, Chlorella vulgaris, and Dunaliella salina, respectively. Chlorella vulgaris had the highest total carbohydrate content (a mixture of glucose, fructose, sucrose, and maltose, 16.97%) among the studied microalgae, while for Arthrospira platensis and Dunaliella salina, the accumulation of total carbohydrates was 9.59% and 8.68%, respectively. Thus, the introduction of carbohydrates into the nutrient medium can stimulate their accumulation in the microalgae biomass, an application of biofuel production (biohydrogen).

scholarly journals PHAEODACTYLUM TRICORNUTUM MICROALGAE GROWTH RATE IN HETEROTROPHIC AND MIXOTROPHIC CONDITIONS

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. C. Morais ◽  
R. L. L. Ribeiro ◽  
K. R. Santos ◽  
D. M. Taher ◽  
A. B. Mariano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Microalgae Biomass ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Number Of Cells ◽  
Microalgae Growth

The Brazilian National Program for Biofuel Production has been encouraging diversification of feedstock for biofuel production. One of the most promising alternatives is the use of microalgae biomass for biofuel production. The cultivation of microalgae is conducted in aquatic systems, therefore microalgae oil production does not compete with agricultural land. Microalgae have greater photosynthetic efficiency than higher plants and are efficient fixing CO2. The challenge is to reduce production costs, which can be minimized by increasing productivity and oil biomass. Aiming to increase the production of microalgae biomass, mixotrophic cultivation, with the addition of glycerol has been shown to be very promising. During the production of biodiesel from microalgae there is availability of glycerol as a side product of the transesterification reaction, which could be used as organic carbon source for microalgae mixotrophic growth, resulting in increased biomass productivity. In this paper, to study the effect of glycerol in experimental conditions, the batch culture of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum was performed in a 2-liter flask in a temperature and light intensity controlled room. During 16 days of cultivation, the number of cells per ml was counted periodically in a Neubauer chamber. The calculation of dry biomass in the control experiment (without glycerol) was performed every two days by vacuum filtration. In the dry biomass mixotrophic experiment with glycerol concentration of 1.5 M, the number of cells was assessed similarly in the 10th and 14th days of cultivation. Through a volume element methodology, a mathematical model was written to calculate the microalgae growth rate. Was used an equation that describes the influence of irradiation and concentration of nutrients in the growth of microalgae. A simulation time of 16 days was used in the computations, with initial concentration of 0.1 g l-1. In order to compare simulation data with experimental data, we calculated the dry weight in 8 points in the course of sixteen days. In this way, it was possible to assess graphically biomass concentration versus time through the experiments and by numerical simulation. It was identified that the simulation results were consistent with the experiments and that the addition of glycerol greatly influenced the growth of microalgae. In the present analysis, the glycerol added increased 30% in biomass.

scholarly journals Measurement of macroalgae total carbohydrate content found in Lendang Luar coast, Lombok, Indonesia for potential sources of bioethanol

2021 ◽  
Vol 913 (1) ◽  
pp. 012077
Author(s):  
B T K Ilhami ◽  
A S Abidin ◽  
N W R Martyasari ◽  
N S H Kurniawan ◽  
H Padmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Total Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
Total Analysis

Abstract Bioethanol is a renewable alternative energy through the process of fermenting sugar from carbohydrate sources by adding microorganisms such as yeast or bacteria. Macroalgae or known as seaweed is one of the producers in the marine environment which has a high carbohydrate content so that it can be used as raw material for bioethanol. Macroalgae contains specific carbohydrates including laminarin, mannitol, alginate, agar and polysaccharides. The high carbohydrate content indicates the ethanol content produced. The aim of the study was to initial screen total carbohydrates in red algae (G. latifolium and G rugosa) and brown algae (M rosea, S. crassifolium, S. cristaefolium, S. polycystum, P.australis and T. muray ana). Carbohydrate total analysis was performed by colorimetric assay using the BioVision kit. The overall carbohydrate content found in macroalgae samples in this study was 28.23 fig (DW)1. The highest carbohydrate content was obtained by G. latifolium (37.50 fig (DW)1), followed by G rugosa (34.27 fig (DW)1) and S. cristaefolium (33.33 fig (DW)1). Current results show that macroalgae exhibits sufficient amounts of carbohydrate which could potentially be further developed as source for biotehanol.

scholarly journals Modeling the Influence of Temperature, Light Intensity and Oxygen Concentration on Microalgal Growth Rate

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 496
Author(s):  
Ignacio López Muñoz ◽  
Olivier Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Dunaliella Salina ◽  
Isochrysis Galbana ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Effect Of Light

Dissolved oxygen plays a key role in microalgal growth at high density. This effect was so far rarely quantified. Here we propose a new model to represent the combined effect of light, oxygen concentration and temperature (LOT-model) on microalgae growth. The LOT-model introduces oxygen concentration in order to represent the oxidative stress affecting the cultures, adding a toxicity term in the expression of the net growth rate. The model was validated with experimental data for several species such as Chlorella minutissima, Chlorella vulgaris, Dunaliella salina, Isochrysis galbana. It successfully predicted experimental records with an average error lower than 5.5%. The model was also validated using dynamical data where oxygen concentration varies. It highlights a strong impact of oxygen concentration on productivity, depending on temperature. The model quantifies the sensitivity to oxidative stress of different species and shows, for example, that Dunaliella salina is much less affected than Chlorella vulgaris by oxidative stress. The modeling approach can support an optimization strategy to improve productivity, especially for managing high oxygen levels.

scholarly journals Study of Morphological Features and Determination of the Fatty Acid Composition of the Microalgae Lipid Complex

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1571
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Dolganyuk ◽  
Anna Andreeva ◽  
Ekaterina Budenkova ◽  
Stanislav Sukhikh ◽  
Olga Babich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Dunaliella Salina ◽  
Arthrospira Platensis ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Lipid Complex

Microalgae are rich in nutrients and biologically active substances such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, pigments, phycobiliproteins, among others. The lipid composition of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris, Arthrospira platensis, and Dunaliella salina was screened for the first time. The proposed method for purifying the lipid complex isolated from microalgae’s biomass involved dissolving the lipid-pigment complex in n-hexane for 4 h and stirring at 500 rpm. We found that the largest number of neutral lipids is contained in the biomass of microalgae Arthrospira platensis, fatty acids, polar lipids (glycerophospholipids), and unsaponifiable substances—in the biomass of microalgae Dunaliella salina, chlorophyll, and other impurities—in the biomass of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. The developed method of purification of the fatty acid composition of the microalgae lipid complex confirmed the content of fatty acids in microalgae, which are of interest for practical use in the production of biologically active components. We also determined the potential of its use in the development of affordable technology for processing microalgae into valuable food and feed additives.

scholarly journals Development of an analytical method for determination of carbohydrates in food by gc - fid using chemical derivatization with anhydride acetic acid

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. First
Author(s):  
Mạnh Khắc Nguyễn ◽  
Hòa Từ Nguyễn ◽  
Khuê Ngọc Nguyễn ◽  
Diễm My Lâm Huỳnh ◽  
Du Huy Nguyễn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Milk ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Honey Sample ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Oxime Formation ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Total Carbohydrates

The present research describes a simple and inexpensive derivatization method that uses acetylation to address the challenges associated with the quantification of the ten most common carbohydrates. The derivatization reaction has two periods : (1) The oxime formation of carbohydrates was carried out at 15 minutes, 500 µL of NH2OH 2.5%  and  60 ºC and (2) acetylation of carbohydrates was carried out at 45 minutes, 600 µL of AAA  and  80ºC. Most of the carbohydrates generate single peaks via chromatographic separation, except fructose, which generates a double peak. The procedure was successfully applied to analyze carbohydrates in some samples including honey, fresh milk, and polysaccharide hydrolyzate. The method validation results had the linear concentration range of carbohydrates at 50-4000 mg/g, the LODs at 20-50 µg/g, the relative standard deviations (% RSDs) of peak area under 5.0 % and the accuracy at 95–115% of recoveries. The method was applied to determine carbohydrate content in raw milk, honey, and hydrolysis polysaccharide extract. The results showed that the honey sample has fructose and glucose content of 65.8% and 33.4%, respectively, while sucrose makes up 0.74% of the total carbohydrate content. The raw milk sample has lactose content of 47.6% of the total carbohydrates. Some rare polysaccharides such as arabinose and xylose were found in the hydrolysis polysaccharide extract from the mushroom sample.  

scholarly journals Effects of carbohydrate content in seeds on the germination and viability after cryopreservation

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Laura Arystan ◽  
◽  
Tolkyn Kamsayeva ◽  
Saltanat Tleukenova ◽  
Denis Sirman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Total Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Pearson Coefficient ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Total Carbohydrates

This article is devoted to the study of the influence of cryopreservation on the preservation of sowing qualities of seeds of representatives of the genus Picea: P. asperata (Rough spruce) and P. pungens (Spiny spruce). As an alternative shock method of cryopreservation, the method of step-by-step 3-step temperature reduction was used 1 stage +4 °C, 2 stage –18 °C, 3 stage –196 °C liquid nitrogen. Additionally, the effect of 4 time intervals (1 hour, 24 hours, 72 hours and 168 hours) of step freezing on seed quality was investigated. To explain the results by photometry, the total carbohydrate content of the seeds is determined before the 3rd freezing step (cryo interaction). The analysis of the results of germination showed that the seeds of the studied species respond in different directions to the step cryo freezing. So, seeds of P. asperata germination in all tree experimental variants are higher on 4–32 % than in the control variant; and the maximum results are revealed in the variant with time intervals of 168 hours. For P. pungens seeds, the germination rates in experimental variants were on 18–22 % lower than in the control; and the largest germination rate of seeds among experimental variations are revealed in variant with interval 24 hours. The determination of the total carbohydrate content of the tested seeds at different cryogenic freezing intervals found that this indicator varied significantly depending on the time interval. The lowest values of total carbohydrates are found in variation with a time interval — 24 hours. The maximum total carbohydrate content is determined in a variation with a time interval — 1 hour. Correlation analysis between seed germination indices and total carbohydrate content established a high relationship between these indices. So, for P. asperata, the value of the Pearson coefficient was 0.86, and for P. pungens seeds — 0.91.

STUDY AND CHARACTERIZATION GROWTH OF FOUR MICROALGAE SPECIES AND TEST ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY

Jurnal Zarah ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Marniati Salim
Keyword(s):  
Dunaliella Salina ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nannochloropsis Oculata ◽  
Inhibitory Zone ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Microalgae Biomass ◽  
Chaetoceros Calcitrans

Abstract In this study to the growth characteristics of microalgae (Dunaliella salina, Nannochloropsis oculata, Tetrasel mis chuii & Chaetoceros calcitrans), in different mediums, namely Bold’s Basal Medium (BBM) and BBM modification of sea water. The results obtained from microalgae (N.oculata, T.chuii, C.calcitrans) are better grown on BBM media while microlaga D.salina grows well on BBM modification of sea water. Microalgae biomass is extracted by maceration method in hexane and methanol solvents. Test bacteria used gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (Escherichia coli). Inhibitory zone diameter results were compared with antimicrobial sensitivity tests according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). From the results of microalgae hexane and methanol extract antibacterial activity tests (D.salina, N.oculata, T.chuii, C.calcitrans) showed that the extract was not too sensitive to inhibit bacterial growth.   Keywords: microalgae, medium, antimicrobial

The Role of Temperature and Heterotrophism in Determining Crude Oil Toxicity

1975 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
J.E.S. Graham ◽  
T.C. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Chlamydomonas Eugametos ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oil Toxicity

Abstract Crude oil spills are increasingly likely to occur from drilling, pumping and transportation activities as oil development proceeds at a rapid pace. These spills may occur over the wide range of climatic conditions which obtain in Canada. Little is known of oil toxicity at different temperatures; consequently, laboratory studies were made of the variability of the toxicity of aqueous extracts of a Norman Wells crude oil to freshwater algae over the temperature range 5°C to 35°C. Two unicellular green algae were studied: Chlamydomonas eugametos and Chlorella vulgaris. Their response (measured by cell numbers) varied with temperature and species. Whereas Chlamydomonas eugametos showed a general pattern of growth inhibition by oil at all temperatures with maximum inhibition at 25°C, Chlorella vulgaris showed general growth stimulation by oil with maximum stimulation at 25°C, this temperature was chosen for all further experimentation. All experiments were done using unialgal cultures and sterile technique. Cells were grown in 50 ml of nutrient medium (BBM) in 125 ml Erlenmeyer flasks. Such flasks allow gas exchange and permit loss of volatile hydrocarbons. Aqueous extracts were made by slowly stirring 5% crude oil with the nutrient medium for six hours using a magnetic mixer. The extract was then allowed to sit for two to four hours before the lower fraction was drawn off for use. Experiments were carried out in controlled environment chambers (±2°C) with a twelve hour light-dark cycle. All further experiments used a similar methodology. (Note: Chlamydomonas eugametos experiments were carried out on a rotary shaker at 125 rpm.) An attempt was made to determine the reason for the remarkable stimulation in growth of Chlorella vulgaris #29 at 25°C. This organism has been described in the literature as heterotrophic. Thus three reasons for stimulation seemed possible: 1. heterotrophic uptake of hydrocarbons directly from solution; 2. heterotrophic uptake of organic compounds formed or released by microbial breakdown of hydrocarbons (the aqueous extract of crude was not sterile); or 3. the use of CO2 released to solution by microbial respiration. The original experiment was repeated in the dark at 20°C to determine if stimulation still occurred. It did not, since cells exposed to the aqueous extract decreased in numbers. However, after two weeks the cells were illuminated and even though experimental flasks started off with depleted populations, they outgrew the control cells within two weeks. This suggested that if stimulation was related to heterotrophism, it must, at least in this case, have been the unusual case of photoheterotrophism. The reasons for this stimulation of growth are currently under investigation. Several methods are being employed to investigate the suspected heterotrophism. Experiments will be done to determine whether light energy is essential to the stimulation. Two varieties of Chlorella vulgaris, i.e. #29 and #260 are heterotrophic and autotrophic respectively, are to be used in experiments. Sterile aqueous extracts made by pressure ultrafiltration will be used. These experiments should determine whether algal growth stimulation is related to heterotrophism or whether microbial degradation of hydrocarbons is the real source of stimulation. Although the toxicity of crude oil may be rapidly ameliorated by physical and/or biological phenomena, one must still be aware of the possibility of a large input of organic carbon causing extensive eutrophication. Thus both toxicity and eutrophication will cause a selection, in terms of survival, in a natural environment. It is evident that although an oil spill may not totally destroy an ecosystem, it will certainly alter its natural composition considerably.

scholarly journals Variability in Macro- and Micronutrients of 15 Commercially Available Microalgae Powders

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Fabian Sandgruber ◽  
Annekathrin Gielsdorf ◽  
Anja C. Baur ◽  
Benjamin Schenz ◽  
Sandra Marie Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dunaliella Salina ◽  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chlorella Pyrenoidosa ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Arthrospira Platensis ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Tetraselmis Chuii

The nutrient composition of 15 commercially available microalgae powders of Arthrospira platensis, Chlorella pyrenoidosa and vulgaris, Dunaliella salina, Haematococcus pluvialis, Tetraselmis chuii, and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae was analyzed. The Dunaliella salina powders were characterized by a high content of carbohydrates, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), omega-6-polyunsaturated fatty acids (n6-PUFAs), heavy metals, and α-tocopherol, whereas the protein amounts, essential amino acids (EAAs), omega-3-PUFAs (n3-PUFAs), vitamins, and minerals were low. In the powder of Haematococcus pluvialis, ten times higher amounts of carotenoids compared to all other analyzed powders were determined, yet it was low in vitamins D and E, protein, and EAAs, and the n6/n3-PUFAs ratio was comparably high. Vitamin B12, quantified as cobalamin, was below 0.02 mg/100 g dry weight (d.w.) in all studied powders. Based on our analysis, microalgae such as Aphanizomenon and Chlorella may contribute to an adequate intake of critical nutrients such as protein with a high content of EAAs, dietary fibers, n3-PUFAs, Ca, Fe, Mg, and Zn, as well as vitamin D and E. Yet, the nutritional value of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae was slightly decreased by high contents of SFAs. The present data show that microalgae are rich in valuable nutrients, but the macro- and micronutrient profiles differ strongly between and within species.

scholarly journals Sugar and no sugar added fruit microalgae-enriched jams: a study about their physicochemical, rheological, and textural properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaida Natalia Uribe-Wandurraga ◽  
María Bravo-Villar ◽  
Marta Igual ◽  
Carmen Savall ◽  
Purificación García-Segovia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food System ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Arthrospira Platensis ◽  
Microalgae Biomass ◽  
Textural Parameters ◽  
Weak Gel ◽  
Biomass Extract ◽  
And Control ◽  
Colour Coordinates ◽  
Control Samples

AbstractJams are preparations of fruits whose main preserving agent is sugar. Due to this, health concerns of consumers have resulted in a sugar reduction, and its replacement using alternative sweeteners and introducing new ingredients enhancing nutritional properties. In this study, four types of fruits jams (plum, strawberry, apple, and peach), with or without sugar, were prepared using two microalgae biomass, Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) and Chlorella vulgaris, and Dunaliella salina extract as ingredients at different mix levels of concentrations, 0.10%–0.10%–0.05% respectively, for plum; 0.04%–0.00%–0.01 respectively, for strawberry; 0.06%–0.04%–0.00% respectively, for apple and 0.00%–0.01%–0.04% respectively, for peach. Physicochemical, rheological, and textural parameters were evaluated. Substitution of sugar/fructose syrup in the jam’s preparation caused changes in pH values, solid soluble content, and rheological and textural properties compared to sugar jams. Using sugar or sweeteners as isomalt, stevia and sucralose and microalgae biomass or extract showed significant changes in colour coordinates, however, these differences were not perceptible by the human eye. Jams containing microalgae biomass-extract showed higher G', G'', G*, and η* values than their corresponding control samples. All the jams presented weak-gel characteristics, distinguishing fruit jams. However, the results of weak-gel model analysis suggest that the influence of the different ingredients in the food system depends not only on their concentration but also on the interactions in the gel structure. Strawberry and apple jams showed no significant differences between microalgae biomass-extract samples and control samples, for both sugar and no sugar added jams being the best-obtained samples.

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