scholarly journals Fucoidans as Scientifically and Commercially Important Algal Polysaccharides

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
K. K. Asanka Sanjeewa ◽  
You-Jin Jeon
Keyword(s):  
The World ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Algal Polysaccharides

As a highly bioactive seaweed substance with many promising physiological activities, fucoidan has attracted attention from many industries all over the world [...]

scholarly journals REPRODUCTIVE PATTERNS OF HOLOTHURIA SCABRA (ECHINODERMATA: HOLOTHUROIDEA) IN INDONESIAN WATERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Purwati
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Gonad Index ◽  
Spawning Activity ◽  
Reproductive Patterns ◽  
Holothuria Scabra ◽  
The World ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Post Spawning ◽  
Recruitment Model

During 1993 to 1996, reproductive aspects of Holothuria scabra, one of the commercially important holothurian species in Indonesian waters were studied, which involved populations of Ambon Bay (eastern Indonesian waters), Saugi Island (central Indonesian waters) and Lampung Bay (western Indonesian waters). Those studies were reviewed in this paper, not only to reveal general patterns of reproductive seasons of populations throughout Indonesian waters, but also to provide more knowledge on gonadaltubule-development that has been rarely investigated on Indonesian holothurians. The review showed that the development of gonadal tubules amongst populations of Indonesian H. scabra were similar. Those included that: tubules across a gonad grew for one single reproductive cycle, and each tubule had equal opportunity to release their gametes in the same spawning event. These features conformed to general characteristics of this species throughout the world, and were different from the proposed tubule recruitment model of Smiley (1988). Each observed population showed fluctuation on gonad index, and individuals with fecund and/or post spawning gonads were recorded in most sampling occasions, resulting in fluctuation of gonad index. This attribute gave clue to through-year spawning activity with more intense during one or two periods in a year.

Pollinators in seed orchards of Eucalyptus nitens (Myrtaceae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Hingston ◽  
P. B. McQuillan ◽  
B. M. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Eucalyptus Nitens ◽  
Floral Structure ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
The World ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Insect Activity ◽  
Effective Pollinators

Flowers of the commercially important tree Eucalyptus nitens (Deane & Maiden) Maiden were visited by a diverse array of insects, but not by birds, in Tasmanian seed orchards. Most species of insects that visited the flowers of E. nitens are likely to be effective pollinators because all common species of visitors carried many grains of Eucalyptus pollen, and the open floral structure facilitates frequent insect contact with stigmas. Seed production also suggested that a wide variety of insects were effective pollinators because flowers were consistently well pollinated, despite differences in flower-visitor communities among orchards and particular branches of flowers. The generalised entomophilous pollination system of E. nitens suggests that effective pollinators should occur in seed orchards of this tree throughout the world, provided that flowering occurs at a time of year conducive to insect activity. Although a wide variety of insects appear to be effective pollinators of E. nitens, introduced honeybees, Apis mellifera L., that are often deployed as pollinators in seed orchards were consistently not attracted to the flowers. The reliance on wild insects as pollinators suggests that seed production in E. nitens may benefit from reduced use of broad-spectrum insecticides in, and near, seed orchards.

scholarly journals MENGENAL MARGA LUTJANUS, SALAH SATU KOMODITAS UNGGULAN DALAM PERIKANAN TANGKAP

OSEANA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
Selvia Oktaviyani
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Marine Fishes ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Important Fish

NOTES ABOUT LUTJANUS, ONE OF MAIN COMMODITIES IN CAPTURE  FISHERIES. The snapper, genus Lutjanus are commercially important fish species, distributed in tropical to temperate regions all over the world. This group is mostly reef associated marine fishes and several deep-water (>100 m) species. Genus Lutjanus contains the largest number of species, i.e. 72 species in the world and almost 33 species in Indonesian waters. The snappers are dioecious and gonochoristic organisms, this means that they have separate sexes and the sexual differentiation remains constant throughout their life span. They are carnivorous and the diet consist mainly of small fishes, crustaceans, mollucas, and pelagic urochordata.

scholarly journals Probiotic Shewanella putrefaciens (SpPdp11) as a Fish Health Modulator: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1990
Author(s):  
María Cámara-Ruiz ◽  
María Carmen Balebona ◽  
Miguel Ángel Moriñigo ◽  
María Ángeles Esteban
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Fish Health ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The World ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Good Number ◽  
Important Fish

Aquaculture is considered one of the largest food production sectors in the world. Probiotics have long been considered as a beneficial tool in this industry since these microorganisms improve the welfare of different fish species by modulating several physiological functions, such as metabolism, digestion, immune response, stress tolerance, and disease resistance, among others. SpPdp11, a probiotic isolated from the skin of healthy gilthead seabream, has been the center of attention in a good number of studies since its discovery. The purpose of this paper is to summarize, comment, and discuss the current knowledge related to the effects of SpPdp11 in two commercially important fish species in aquaculture (gilthead seabream and Senegalese sole). Furthermore, some considerations for future studies are also indicated.

Colonial menageries and the exchange of exotic faunas

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
VERNON N. KISLING
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Exotic Species ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Commercially Important

The discovery of new worlds with their exotic faunas was part of European life during the fifteenth to nineteenth centuries. Animals representing these faunas were shipped to European menageries from the earliest discovery of the new worlds, and increased significantly during this time period with shipments to menageries throughout the world. The exchange of these exotic faunas was carried out in many different ways and was facilitated by natural history networks comprised of individuals and institutions involved in commercial, agricultural and scientific activities. Colonial menageries, first in the form of animal holding areas or acclimatization farms and later in the form of zoos, were initially dependant on the various company networks supporting botanical collecting stations. Later they were the result of official and quasi-official government efforts. These efforts evolved into the modern colonial zoological gardens. The exhibition of exotic faunas, the utilization of commercially important exotic species, and the acclimatization of domestic breeds to colonial conditions were all part of the great zoological exchange that began as a trickle in the fifteenth century and increased significantly to a flood by the nineteenth century.

Estuarine Science and Biogeochemical Cycles

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S. Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Biogeochemical Cycles ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Exchange Flow ◽  
Estuarine Wetlands ◽  
The World ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Bodies Of Water

Estuaries are commonly described as semi-enclosed bodies of water, situated at the interface between land and ocean, where seawater is measurably diluted by the inflow of freshwater (Hobbie, 2000). The term “estuary,” derived from the Latin word aestuarium, means marsh or channel (Merriam-Webster, 1979). These dynamic ecosystems have some of the highest biotic diversity and production in the world. Not only do they provide a direct resource for commercially important estuarine species of fishes and shellfish, but they also provide shelter and food resources for commercially important shelf species that spend some of their juvenile stages in estuarine marshes. For example, high fish and shellfish production in the northern Gulf of Mexico is strongly linked with discharge from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers and their associated estuarine wetlands (Chesney and Baltz, 2001). Commercial fishing in this region typically brings in 769 million kg of seafood with a value of $575 million. Fisheries production and coastal nutrient enrichment, via rivers and estuaries, are positively correlated within many coastal systems around the world (Nixon et al., 1986; Caddy, 1993; Houde and Rutherford, 1993). The coupling of physics and biogeochemistry occurs at many spatial scales in estuaries (figure 1.1; Geyer et al., 2000). Estuarine circulation, river and groundwater discharge, tidal flooding, resuspension events, and exchange flow with adjacent marsh systems (Leonard and Luther, 1995) all constitute important physical variables that exert some level of control on estuarine biogeochemical cycles. There has been considerable debate about the definition of an estuary because of the divergent properties found within and among estuaries from different regions of the world. Consequently, there have been numerous attempts to develop a comprehensive and universally accepted definition. Pritchard (1967, p. 1) first defined estuaries based on salinity as “semi-enclosed coastal bodies of water that have a free connection with the open sea and within which sea water is measurably diluted with fresh water derived from land drainage.” A general schematic representation of an estuary, as defined by Pritchard (1967), and further modified by Dalrymple et al. (1992) to include more physical and geomorphological processes, is shown in figure 1.2.

Use of Probiotics in Commercially Important Finfish Aquaculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-21
Author(s):  
Mamdoh T. Jamal ◽  
Md. Afsar Ahmed Sumon ◽  
Arulazhagan Pugazhendi ◽  
Mamdouh Al Harbi ◽  
Md Ashraf Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture System ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Intensive Culture ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
The World ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Finfish Aquaculture

Finfish aquaculture is one of the quickly developing food industries in the world. But, the major drawbacks of this industry are the frequent outbreak of infectious diseases due to elevated stress in an intensive culture system. Antibiotics are extensively used to combat these diseases. Prophylactic administrations of antibiotics in aquaculture lead to the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens which indirectly cause a risk to health of human. Therefore, hard rules and regulations have been established in various countries to minimize or ban the application of antibiotics in finfish aquaculture. Recently probiotics have garnered significant attraction as an alternative measure for disease prevention in aquaculture. Probiotics increase health status, disease resistance, growth performance and feed utilization through improving hosts microbial balance. This review presents the summary and discussion of the results of the effects of probiotic administration in the culture of commercially important finfish. Besides, the current study attempts to explore the gap in present scientific information as well as suggests concerns that worth further research.

scholarly journals Shade Cum Fruit Yielding Avocado under Coffee Ecosystem

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
M. Govindappa ◽  
K. Elavarasan
Keyword(s):  
Persea Americana ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Shade Tree ◽  
Soil Enrichment ◽  
Tree Crop ◽  
The World ◽  
Rain Drops ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Coffee Cultivation

Avocado is one of the most commonly preferred shades grown tree crop under Coffee ecosystem. In view of that, Peninsula of Nicoya and Cost Rica farmer was rated avocado (Persea americana L. Mill) is a primary shade tree crop under coffee plantation at the level of 66.3 per cent and it ranked as a fourth position after the Inga spp., Guazumala ulmiflora and Cardia alliodoara. Hence, the avocado is a commercially important shade cum fruit yielding tree under coffee ecosystem which has cultivating both in humid tropic as well as subtropical climates of throughout the world. The tree is basically grown as the forest species but later on as a shade growing tree under coffee cultivation because of high nutritional and medicinal values of fruit and it makes for wider diversity. Thereafter it was entered into the other parts of the world from Central America and Mexico. The tree is of multipurpose in nature and also helps to avoid the soil and water erosion by way of its wider spread canopy. Generally, Avocado leafs reduce the beating action of rain drops which in-turn minimize the soil erosion. The soil enrichment by adding the leaf litter continuously is an advantage in the coffee plantations. It yields in the additional economic returns after three to five years of establishment. Hence, the establishment of shade tree under coffee ecosystem will give additional income to the coffee growers, which mainly helps on lean period of coffee cultivation.

scholarly journals Development of an InDel polymorphism database for jute via comparative transcriptome analysis

Genome ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 323-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zemao Yang ◽  
Zhigang Dai ◽  
Dongwei Xie ◽  
Jiquan Chen ◽  
Qing Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Comparative Transcriptome ◽  
Indel Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Bast Fiber ◽  
Plant Genomes ◽  
Indel Markers ◽  
The World ◽  
Commercially Important

Jute (Corchorus spp.) is one of the most commercially important bast fiber crops in the world. However, molecular markers and high-density genetic maps are still lacking on jute compared with other crops. Insertion/deletion (InDel) markers, one of the most abundant sources of DNA/RNA variations in plant genomes, can easily be distinguished among different accessions using high-throughput sequencing. Using three transcriptome datasets, we identified and developed InDel markers. Altogether, 51 172 InDel sites in 18 800 unigenes were discovered, and the number of InDel loci per unigene varied from 1 to 31. Further, we found 94 InDel types, varying from 1 to 159 bp; the most common were single-nucleotide (23 028), binucleotide (9824), and trinucleotide (9182). In total, 49 563 InDels in 18 445 transcripts were discovered in the comparison between TC and YG, followed by 48 934 InDels in 18 408 transcripts between NY and YG, and 3570 InDels in 2701 unigenes between NY and TC. Additionally, there were 1273 InDel sites in 1129 unigenes with polymorphisms between any two of the three accessions. Twenty-nine (58%) primer pairs represented polymorphisms when compared to the jute accessions, and PIC varied from 0.340 to 0.680, with an average of 0.491.

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