scholarly journals Bioavailability of Orally Administered Active Lipid Compounds from four Different Greenshell™ Mussel Formats

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 524
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Miller ◽  
Marlena C. Kruger ◽  
Chris Wynne ◽  
Devonie Waaka ◽  
Weili Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Plasma Exposure ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Human Trial ◽  
Perna Canaliculus ◽  
Product Consumption ◽  
Maximal Plasma ◽  
Oil Extract ◽  
Lipid Compounds

Greenshell™ mussel (GSM, Perna canaliculus) is New Zealand’s most important aquaculture species. They are a good source of long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC PUFA). Beyond a traditional food product, GSMs are also sold as mussel powders and oil extract formats in the nutraceutical markets. In this study, a four-sequence, single dose, randomized crossover human trial with eight evaluable healthy male participants was undertaken to determine the bioavailability of the n-3 LC PUFA in four different GSM formats (oil, powder, food ingredient and half-shell unprocessed whole mussel) by measuring area under the curve (AUC) and maximal concentration (CMax). Blood samples were collected at baseline and up to 48 h after initiation of product consumption in each administration period. There were minor differences between the bioavailability of FA (fatty acid) between the different GSM formats. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) peak concentrations and plasma exposures were significantly lower with GSM oil compared to GSM half-shell and GSM powder formats, which resulted in AUC0–48 for the intake of GSM half-shell mussel and GSM powder being significantly higher than that for GSM oil (p = 0.013, f= 4.84). This equated to a 20.6% and 24.3% increase in the amount of EPA present in the plasma after consumption of half-shell mussels and mussel powder respectively compared to GSM oil. GSM oil produced the shortest median time to maximal plasma n-3 LC PUFA concentration of all evaluated products demonstrated by a shorter maximum measured plasma concentration (TMax = 5 h). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and n-3 LC PUFA plasma exposure parameters were statistically comparable across the four GSM products evaluated.

scholarly journals Impact of Fear of Contracting COVID-19 and Complying with the Rules of Isolation on Nutritional Behaviors of Polish Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Kowalczuk ◽  
Jerzy Gębski
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Food Purchases ◽  
Product Consumption ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Two Factors

The aim of the study was to examine whether, and to what extent, fear of contracting Covid-19 and compliance with the mandatory rules of isolation affected Polish adults’ nutritional behaviors. The online study was carried out during the first wave of the pandemic on a sample of 926 adults. Through cluster analysis, three groups of respondents were isolated: 1. People who fear a Covid-19 infection and follow the isolation rules (FFR), 2. People moderately afraid of the disease and following the rules loosely (MFFR), 3. People who are not afraid of the infection and do not follow the rules of isolation. (NFFR). The clusters were profiled with consideration of different aspects of eating behaviors as well as socio-demographic and economic features. The results of the study show a close relationship between the level of fear of contracting Covid-19 and the degree to which isolation rules are followed. These two factors were found to have a significant impact on eating behaviors, such as food purchases, eating patterns, and levels of consumption. It was stated that the FFR group changed their eating behaviors the most in terms of food purchasing, eating habits (excluding diversity and quality of diet), and food product consumption. The greatest stability in the majority of the analyzed areas of nutritional behaviors was observed in the MFFR cluster. The NFFR group shown the greatest decrease both in regularity and quality of their meals. This group also exhibited a significant increase in the consumption of alcoholic beverages. The results of the study can be useful in the decision making process when introducing restrictions or managing information. They also point to the need for extensive nutritional education focused on explaining the relationship between nutrition and health during a pandemic.

Edible insects: cricket farming and processing as an emerging market

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Reverberi
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Market ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
New Development ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Packaged Food ◽  
Online Shops

This article provides information on recent trends in cricket farming and processing in Asian and Western countries. Whilst eating insects collected from the wild has long been a common practice in many countries, farming and transforming insects into a food ingredient for packaged products is a new development. Particularly in North America and Europe, some new, small companies are transforming cricket (and mealworm) powder into packaged food (energy bars, pasta, and chips among the examples). Within this article, two contrasting farming systems are principally considered. On one hand is the Thai cricket farming model, based on micro-farms, in which the small farmers do not make the flour; this task instead being handled by specialised businesses. On the other hand, is the western farming model, in which farms are large, and the flour is produced by the very same factory-farm. Examples of this model are found in the Netherlands (Protifarm) and Canada (Entomofarm). Since insect powders (flour) in packaged foods represent a new category of food product, little market data and/or surveys are available. The products are often sold on small online shops, within the context of an informal business operations. As a consequence, some of the information in this article comes from informal sources or the direct experience of the author.

Comparative Pharmacokinetic of Three Sulfadiazine Suspensions by Oral Administration in Chickens

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Zhi-Qiang Wang ◽  
Han-Song Li ◽  
Xia Xiao ◽  
Jian-Bing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Analysis ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Comparative Pharmacokinetic ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
Maximal Plasma

<p>The chemotherapeutics, sulfadiazine (SDA) and trimethoprim (TMP), are extensively used in a variety of animal species. In this study, a pharmacokinetic analysis was performed to compare the bioequivalence of a combined SDA and TMP product against existing licensed SDA and TMP formulations in broiler chickens. Three groups of 15 birds were administered a single dose of either the test formulation or a reference oral suspension. The plasma concentration of SDA and TMP were determined by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the maximal plasma concentration (C<sub>max</sub>), area under the curve (AUC), the peak time (T<sub>max</sub>), mean residence time (MRT) and elimination half-life (T<sub>1/2</sub>), were calculated for SDA. The combined formulation I and II reference suspension exhibited almost identical concentration-time curves, and ANOVA analyses of the pharmacokinetic parameters identified no significant differences between the reference preparations and the test one. Furthermore the AUC and C<sub>max</sub> values of the SDA active ingredient were not significantly different. The I formulation was bioequivalent with both II and III (80-125% and 70–143%, respectively, at the 90% confidence interval). In conclusion, the combined SDA and TMP product was bioequivalent with both existing commercially available SDA suspensions and can be used interchangeably in veterinary medical practice.</p>

Pharmacokinetic study of clofarabine: Oral bioavailability and the effect of cimetidine on renal clearance.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13074-e13074
Author(s):  
Matthew Charles Foster ◽  
Parag Kumar ◽  
Christine Marie Walko ◽  
Anastasia Ivanova ◽  
Reginald Ewesuedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Basolateral Membrane ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Organic Cation Transporter ◽  
Tubular Secretion ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Geometric Means ◽  
Human Trial ◽  
Organic Cation Transporter 2 ◽  
Renal Tubular

e13074 Background: Clofarabine (CLO) is a purine analog with activity in myeloid neoplasms. Its oral dosing has been based on an estimated bioavailability (F) of 49% from uncontrolled trials. Animal models suggest that CLO renal clearance (CL) may be impaired in the presence of inhibitors of organic cation transporter-2 (OCT2), which mediates transport across the renal tubular basolateral membrane. We conducted a pharmacokinetic (PK) study of CLO to determine F, and examine the effect of the OCT2 inhibitor, cimetidine (CIM) on intravenous (IV) CLO. Methods: Patients had: 1) untreated AML ≥ 60 years of age unsuited for standard induction, 2) relapsed or refractory AML, or 3) MDS after failure of ≥ 1 prior regimen. Treatment was: CLO 15 mg/m2 IV day 1, CLO 30 mg/m2 orally (PO) day 3, CLO 15 mg/m2 IV day 5 preceded by two doses of oral CIM, and CLO 30 mg/m2 PO on days 6 and 7. PK studies were obtained after CLO dosing on days 1, 3 and 5. For each dose, CLO plasma concentration was determined, and concentration-time data was analyzed by non-compartmental methods. F was determined for each patient. The geometric means of area under the curve (AUC), 0-∞, and CL for IV CLO administered after CIM doses were compared with AUC and CL for IV CLO administered without CIM. Results: Interim data for the first ten treated patients, with comparisons of PK parameters are shown in the table below. Conclusions: Using patients as their own controls, F of CLO is higher than previously estimated. AUC of CLO is increased and CL is decreased in the presence of CIM, likely owing to inhibition of OCT2-mediated renal tubular secretion. This study is the first human trial to suggest that CLO CL may be impaired in the presence of OCT2 inhibitors, such as cimetidine, trimethoprim, verapamil and nicotine. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Do extra ingredients on the package lead to extra calorie estimates?

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 2293-2321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guowei Zhu ◽  
George Chryssochoidis ◽  
Li Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Verbal Form ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Packaged Food ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to address how adding food ingredients to a packaged base food affects consumers’ calorie estimation of the new augmented product. Design/methodology/approach The four performed experiments and analyses of variance demonstrate an underlying psychological mechanism, explained below. Findings Results show that the healthiness of the added food ingredient (AFI) does not matter if the base food is healthy, and consumers’ calorie estimates of the augmented packaged food product are accurate. When, however, the food base is unhealthy, and the AFI is healthy, consumers underestimate the new product calories. This underestimation effect increases further when the healthy ingredients multiply. This underestimation effect endures when these ingredients are presented in a visual form, but it becomes smaller when these ingredients are presented in a verbal form. A justification mechanism is relevant. Research limitations/implications Further research should test across the broader range of the food product matrix. There is a great diversity of AFI presentations, and further research may deal with the impact of AFIs of these different forms on consumers’ calorie estimation and healthiness perceptions. Research may also test sensory-arousing mechanisms that can help understand how consumers perceive the calories of the augmented food. Practical implications The findings suggest that consumers should be cautious of the judgment bias caused by the presence of an AFI on food packages and raise their awareness regarding nutrition implications and dietary effects. From the perspective of food manufacturers, although adding healthy AFIs to unhealthy base foods may increase consumers’ purchase intention and bring higher profits, it may not be sustainable as a marketing strategy in the long term and has immediate ethical implications. Social implications Policymakers should introduce voluntary schemes to monitor and restrict the improper presentation of AFIs, aiming to rule out the abuse of healthy AFIs on unhealthy packaged food. Originality/value This work offers three major original and valuable contributions. It explains the effects of AFIs on calorie estimation and consumer healthiness perceptions in a context not studied before, namely, packaged food products. Next, it advances the literature on consumer judgment error and heuristics concerning product package attributes. As adding ingredients is integral to product line extension decisions, the results also clarify how marketing can safeguard firm social responsibility in combating obesity.

scholarly journals The Urgency of Halal Assurance System for Product Reliability

2018 ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Moch. Khoirul Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Product Reliability ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Product Consumption ◽  
Assurance System ◽  
A Company

  Indonesia is a country with world most Moslem population. Thus, among other countries participated in Islamic Konference Organization, Indonesia is the biggest on product consumption market. This huge number of Moslem is crucial to be considered in business, particularly to the reliability of food product in Indonesia. This far, halal products is attributed with a certificate of halalness established by MUI (i.e, Indonesia Ulama Committee). However, the monitoring of halal products by companies with halal certificate may not be sustainably conducted by MUI, thus it needs a company system assuring that their products are halal. This study used a qualitative approach and was a field research. As a practival resource, this study was conducted in LPPOM MUI (i..e, Department of Assessment on Foods, Drugs, and Cosmetics  by Indonesia Ulama Committee) East Java and another place related to this department. The data of this study was collected by participative observation or engaged observation and interview. Additionally, documentation in particular to the existing system of halalness by LPPOM MUI East Java was also applied. As the result, first, in order to assure the halalness of food products from halal-certified companies, it needed a Halal Assurance System. Second, this Halal Assurance System was made and applied by halal-certified companies to keep the sustainability of halalness on their products. Third, Halal Assurance System was an effort for customer satisfaction.   

scholarly journals Development of Regulatory Mechanism of Food Product Accessible Antioxidants: Lycopene and Curcumin

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1S3) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Site Location ◽  
Molecular Reorientation ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Food Product Development ◽  
First Time

The lycopene and curcumin are plant base notified nutraceuticals specifically commercialized for pharmaceutical and health benefits base food product development scenario. Antioxidant efficacy driven potential is rightly entrapped by food corporate domain to boost up innovation in favor of consumer satisfaction through health benefits. The consolidated review base information of both the above potent antioxidants is rightly awaiting for transformation as a technology base on their molecular reorientation and active site location. The fractionation leading to all trans and cis forms of lycopene and demethoxy and bisdemethoxy forms of curcumin recorded benchmark study to modulate molecular regulatory mechanism of antioxidant efficacy. The molecular fractionation generative quotients (All trans to cis quotient- 24 to 34and DMC/BDMC quotient-1.94) are emerged out as cutting edge indices of desired antioxidant efficacy. Advance technique specified confirmation (HPLC) recorded quantification of respective components admissible for regulatory mechanism governed by notified quotients which are first time reported in this investigation. The present investigation is coiling around determination of potent antioxidant fractionate quotient of both bioactive compounds as a competent index to formulate food ingredient as an admissible access to justify suitability in food product innovation.

scholarly journals Differences in food product consumption in selected Asian countries

2018 ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Luiza Ochnio ◽  
Grzegorz Koszela ◽  
Pornsiri Suebpongsang
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Product Consumption

Badanie preferencji żywnościowych ma poza aspektem socjologicznym, także aspekt ekonomiczny, np. ze strony producentów i szukania przez nich rynków zbytu dla produkowanej żywności. Jest także punktem wyjścia do szacowania skłonności konsumentów do ponoszenia wydatków na poszczególne produkty żywnościowe. W pracy podjęto próbę porównania tych preferencji na rynku azjatyckim odnośnie 9 grup produktowych. Z powodu złożoności problemu (względy tradycji, religii, położenia geograficznego i wielkości kontynentu) w badaniu uwzględniono 17 wybranych krajów Azji środkowej i południowo- -wschodniej (Chiny, Mongolia, Japonia, Indie, Tajlandia, Indonezja, Kazachstan, Uzbekistan, Tadżykistan, Malezja, Myanmar, Filipiny, Pakistan, Kambodża, Wietnam, Laos i Sri Lanka). Badanie przeprowadzono w latach 2011–2013, a wyniki uśredniono dla każdego kraju dla każdej grupy produktowej na przestrzeni trzech lat. Wyniki badań wskazują, że wbrew obiegowej opinii Europejczyków, preferencje żywnościowe w krajach azjatyckich rozpatrywanego regionu różnią się, czasem nawet znacznie. Decyduje o tym zapewne, w dużej mierze, aspekt kulturowy oraz warunki środowiskowe, które przeważają nad bliskością sąsiedztwa pomiędzy państwami. Świadczy o tym wynik podziału państw na grupy pod względem podobieństw preferencji żywnościowych w badanym okresie. W obliczeniach posłużono się metodami gradacyjnej analizy danych (miarą ar jako miarą niepodobieństwa preferencji żywieniowych, mapami nadreprezentacji w celu wizualizacji tych niepodobieństw oraz podziału państw na odpowiednie grupy krajów o zbliżonych preferencjach żywieniowych).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document