Edible insects: cricket farming and processing as an emerging market

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Reverberi
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Market ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
New Development ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Packaged Food ◽  
Online Shops

This article provides information on recent trends in cricket farming and processing in Asian and Western countries. Whilst eating insects collected from the wild has long been a common practice in many countries, farming and transforming insects into a food ingredient for packaged products is a new development. Particularly in North America and Europe, some new, small companies are transforming cricket (and mealworm) powder into packaged food (energy bars, pasta, and chips among the examples). Within this article, two contrasting farming systems are principally considered. On one hand is the Thai cricket farming model, based on micro-farms, in which the small farmers do not make the flour; this task instead being handled by specialised businesses. On the other hand, is the western farming model, in which farms are large, and the flour is produced by the very same factory-farm. Examples of this model are found in the Netherlands (Protifarm) and Canada (Entomofarm). Since insect powders (flour) in packaged foods represent a new category of food product, little market data and/or surveys are available. The products are often sold on small online shops, within the context of an informal business operations. As a consequence, some of the information in this article comes from informal sources or the direct experience of the author.

scholarly journals Do extra ingredients on the package lead to extra calorie estimates?

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 2293-2321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guowei Zhu ◽  
George Chryssochoidis ◽  
Li Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Verbal Form ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Packaged Food ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to address how adding food ingredients to a packaged base food affects consumers’ calorie estimation of the new augmented product. Design/methodology/approach The four performed experiments and analyses of variance demonstrate an underlying psychological mechanism, explained below. Findings Results show that the healthiness of the added food ingredient (AFI) does not matter if the base food is healthy, and consumers’ calorie estimates of the augmented packaged food product are accurate. When, however, the food base is unhealthy, and the AFI is healthy, consumers underestimate the new product calories. This underestimation effect increases further when the healthy ingredients multiply. This underestimation effect endures when these ingredients are presented in a visual form, but it becomes smaller when these ingredients are presented in a verbal form. A justification mechanism is relevant. Research limitations/implications Further research should test across the broader range of the food product matrix. There is a great diversity of AFI presentations, and further research may deal with the impact of AFIs of these different forms on consumers’ calorie estimation and healthiness perceptions. Research may also test sensory-arousing mechanisms that can help understand how consumers perceive the calories of the augmented food. Practical implications The findings suggest that consumers should be cautious of the judgment bias caused by the presence of an AFI on food packages and raise their awareness regarding nutrition implications and dietary effects. From the perspective of food manufacturers, although adding healthy AFIs to unhealthy base foods may increase consumers’ purchase intention and bring higher profits, it may not be sustainable as a marketing strategy in the long term and has immediate ethical implications. Social implications Policymakers should introduce voluntary schemes to monitor and restrict the improper presentation of AFIs, aiming to rule out the abuse of healthy AFIs on unhealthy packaged food. Originality/value This work offers three major original and valuable contributions. It explains the effects of AFIs on calorie estimation and consumer healthiness perceptions in a context not studied before, namely, packaged food products. Next, it advances the literature on consumer judgment error and heuristics concerning product package attributes. As adding ingredients is integral to product line extension decisions, the results also clarify how marketing can safeguard firm social responsibility in combating obesity.

Debt financing puzzle and internationalization

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karren Lee-Hwei Khaw
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Debt Financing ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Firm Risk ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Business Operations

PurposeThis study aims to examine the relation between long-term debt and internationalization in the presence of the agency costs of debt and business risk.Design/methodology/approachSample firms consist of 517 non-financial listed firms in Malaysia, with 4,197 firm-year observations from the year 2000 to 2014. This study uses panel data regressions and a series of robustness tests to examine the hypotheses.FindingsThe results show that multinational corporations (MNCs) are more likely to sustain less long-term debt than domestic corporations (DCs) to mitigate the costs related to agency problem and firm risk. Meanwhile, foreign-based MNCs maintain less long-term debt than local-based firms, and the finding is more significant at a higher degree of internationalization. Robustness tests confirm the negative relations.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings indicate that the ongoing debate on the debt financing puzzle can be explained by internationalization. Moreover, the findings suggest that in addition to the systematic differences between MNCs and DCs, studies on the debt financing and internationalization should also account for the systematic differences among MNCs such as the local-based MNCs, foreign-based MNCs and DCs that later expand their business operations abroad.Practical implicationsMNCs have to be responsive to the diverse institutional environments as they diversify their business operations geographically. When the adverse effects of internationalization outweigh the benefits, MNCs could use the long-term debt financing decision to mitigate the costs of doing business abroad. This is because debt financing is also a primary concern in the corporate financial decisions for the maximization of shareholders’ wealth.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the debt financing literature from the international perspective by providing evidence from an emerging market. In addition, this study highlights the importance of recognizing firms by their firm-specific characteristics, such as internationalization, given the systematic differences among firms.

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN KOMPOS BAGASE UNTUK MENGOPTIMALKAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN TERUNG (Solanum melongena L.)

HORTUSCOLER ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Risa Selfiani ◽  
Darmansyah Darmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is a plant species that is known as the fruit and vegetables grown for use as a food ingredient. These plants belong to one group of plants that produce seeds Eggplant Trunk divided into two kinds, namely the main stem and branching. Eggplant leaf consists of a petiole and the leaf blade. Eggplant flowers are hermaphrodite flowers, or better known as the bisexual flowers, the flowers are one of the stamen to the pistil. Eggplant fruit is the fruit of a true single.. Cultivation of eggplant in the Project of Independent Business is using composting technology bagase. Bagase compost is compost that comes from bagasse or the rest of the sugar mill. Bagase own compost organic matter content of about 90%, N content of 0,3%, 0,02% P2O5, K20 0,14%, Ca 0,06% and 0,04% Mg. The project goal independent business is the use of compost bagase on the cultivation of eggplant to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and optimize plant production eggplant, farming systems semi-organic environmentally sustainable and analyze the feasibility of cultivation of eggplant with market potential in Payakumbuh and the District Fifty City. Independent business projects implemented during the four months from September to December 2015 and conducted experiments dikebun State Agricultural Polytechnic Payakumbuh with total area of ​​300 m2. Eggplant crop production on the independent business projects with the use of compost bagase treatment that is 575 Kg/300 m2, a profit of Rp. 835.310, the profitability of 92% and RC Ratio of 1,92.

A framework for comparing R&D productivity at big pharma companies vs. biotech startups

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Murphey
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
D Investment

Biopharmaceutical research and development (R&D) productivity has been steadily declining for several decades.  Preliminary evidence suggests that this trend is stabilizing or reversing.  One hypothesis explaining this improvement in R&D productivity is that the industry has shifted early-stage R&D activity from large multinational pharmaceutical companies to more smaller venture-backed startup companies.  We examine recent trends in FDA approvals and biopharmaceutical R&D investment to develop a framework to evaluate whether small companies are more productive at R&D than larger companies.

scholarly journals CEO SUCCESSION ORIGIN, TYPES AND ITS EFFECT ON PERFORMANCE IN MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
Wan Masliza Wan Mohammad ◽  
Siti Nurhani Sheikh Ahmad ◽  
Sumathi Kumaraswamy ◽  
Rapiah Mohd Zaini ◽  
Azleen Shabrina Mohd Nor
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Financial Data ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Ceo Succession ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Ceo Successions ◽  
Future Growth

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of CEO succession origin (Internal versus External), types (Voluntary and Force) on firms’ performance. The effect of CEO succession on firms’ performance is investigated using a sample size of 80 firms which consists of 40 firms that had been identified from the list in Bursa Malaysia to have experienced CEO succession and 40 firms that do not experience CEO succession in the year 2014. All financial data and variables are gathered from annual reports and the Emerging Market Information System (EMIS). The findings of this study indicate that CEO origin has no effect on performance. However, the study found a positive association between forced CEO successions on performance. Our finding suggests forced change in the CEOs improve the performance over the lag two years’ period. The appointment of new CEOs via force allows for comprehensive change in the strategy, business operations, and firm’s future growth.

scholarly journals A Network-based Analysis of Ingredients Lists in Nutrient Profile Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 800-811
Author(s):  
Ricky Flores ◽  
Kathryn M. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Food Product ◽  
The United States ◽  
Product Label ◽  
Food Label ◽  
Nutrient Profile ◽  
Dietary Choices ◽  
Reproducible Method ◽  
Packaged Food ◽  
Nutritional Profiling

It is well-established that diseases can be prevented or mitigated through dietary intervention, yet proper nutrition is one aspect consumers struggle to manage. Recent studies have shown that there are barriers to understanding the nutrition facts component of a food label which can be linked to dietary choices. In this work, we demonstrate reproducibility and replicability of a network-based method for automating the analysis of ingredients on a food product label en masse using the Open Food Facts Database and the USDA FoodData Central Branded Foods database in February 2020. Our results, which analyze the co-occurrence of 72,754 ingredients across show some consensus in labeling across FALCPA-regulated ingredients in food product labels across databases but highlight potential areas for discrepancy in consumer understanding and labeling practices for terms not subject to strict regulations. The key findings or contributions of this work include the provision of a reproducible method for quantifying the ingredients of packaged food in the United States across two nutritional profiling systems, and have identified 17 total ingredients that appear in the top 20 most co-occurring ingredients for both databases examined. We compare how of 8 FALCPA-regulated ingredients are represented in ingredients lists versus a common, but non-FALCPA regulated ingredient (corn), to demonstrate how one could examine differences between ingredient labeling between products. These findings suggest more research is needed in developing information systems to increase information available for consumers.

Assessment of phenolic content, pesticide residue and biological activities of organic lemon and cucumber in Lebanese market

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Dwaidy ◽  
Dina Cheaib ◽  
Adla Jammoul ◽  
Nada El Darra
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residue ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Food Product ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pesticides Residues ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose This study aims to evaluate the safety and quality of organic food product versus conventional ones in the Lebanese market. Design/methodology/approach Selected organic and conventional Lemon and cucumber were assessed for the presence of pesticides residues using LC-MS/MS and GC/MS/MS, also compared at the level of total polyphenols content, flavonoids, tannins and tested for their antiradical and antibacterial activities. Findings The findings indicate that organic lemons were contaminated by four types of pesticide residues (33.33%), while one pesticide residue (22.22%) was detected in conventional one, which were all below the European Union Maximum Residue Limits. For cucumber, six pesticide residues (66.66%) were detected in organic samples, while in conventional, eight pesticide residues (55.55%) were detected. However, absolutely four samples (44.44%) in each of conventional and organic cucumber samples surpass the maximum residue levels. Both lemon and cucumber, regardless of the farming systems, possess potent antioxidant activity with no significant difference, except for lemon, where total polyphenol was highly significant in conventional. Additionally, this study showed that lemon of conventional origin was slightly more effective in inhibiting the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains compared to organic samples, while both cucumber types did not exert any antibacterial effect. Originality/value This is the first paper to assess the polyphenols, pesticide residue and biological activities of organic lemon and cucumber in Lebanese market as well as comparing conventional to organic.

Profiting From Digital Transformation?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 68-79
Author(s):  
Ulrich Lichtenthaler
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Business Opportunities ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Advanced Analytics

Many companies have recently started digital transformation initiatives, and they now increasingly focus on artificial intelligence (AI). By means of smart algorithms and advanced analytics, firms attempt to leverage some of the results of their ongoing digital transformation initiatives, for example with regard to data about their established business operations. A conceptual framework underscores the need for combining data management and AI initiatives in order to ensure a firm's digital readiness and to realize digital business opportunities subsequently. An overview of recent trends further illustrates how different companies respond to these managerial challenges. This paper contributes to the literature on digitalization, AI, and ‘integrated intelligence' by highlighting the role of AI for leveraging data from digital transformation initiatives. Specifically, the use of AI applications helps companies to turn data into valuable knowledge and intelligence. In addition, this paper provides new knowledge about achieving superior performance in the digital economy.

LABEL HALAL PADA PRODUK PANGAN KEMASAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN MUSLIM

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Muslimah
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Consumer Rights ◽  
Bargaining Position ◽  
Legal Foundation ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Maximum Protection ◽  
Checking Procedure ◽  
Packaged Food

<p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The purpose of the research is to know how to give halal label on the packaging food product to protect muslim consumer and to know the obstacles in giving halal label on the packaging food product to protect muslim consumer. The research is yuridis empiris and the method used is descriptive avaluative<em>.</em> The research data are premier data and secondary data (premiere law matter, secondary law matter, and tertiary law matter). Technique of collecting the data are interview and documentary. The analysis of data is qualitative by using theoritical interpretation technique. The results of the research concluded that halal label on packaged food product is not yet provide maximum protection against consumer rights. There are still a halal labeling by manufacturers of food packaging without proposing halal certificate and without the checking procedure from the Assessment Agency of Food and Drugs of Indonesian Islamic Council (LPPOM MUI). The obstacles in the halal labeling of food products packaged in providing protection of moslems consumer rights are the legal foundation about halal labelling for food still weak, the presumption the certification process is expensive as well as the long time procedure, complicated and convoluted, the lack of legal awareness of food manufacturers packaging and is less critical and weak bargaining position of moslem consumers.</p><p>Keywords: <em>halal label</em>, <em>protection</em>, <em>muslim consumer</em>.</p>

scholarly journals The emergence of cruise tourism in Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masood Khodadadi
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Market ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Development ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Cruise Tourism ◽  
Hospitality Sector ◽  
International Sanctions ◽  
Tourism Potential

Purpose Iran is a country with substantial tourism potential. Iran’s tourism industry, however, was side-lined for decades due to international sanctions. The election of President Hassan Rouhani and the subsequent deal on Iran’s nuclear programme (reached on 14 July 2015) has resulted in softening of nuclear-related international sanctions and brought much needed relief to a struggling tourism industry in Iran. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the emergence of cruise tourism—as an attractive option for both domestic and international markets—with the introduction of the Iran’s first cruise ship, named “Sunny”, since the 1979 revolution. Design/methodology/approach This study is a short viewpoint piece based on the author’s interpretation of cruise tourism development in Iran and its future opportunities and challenges. Findings Following the nuclear deal, Iran has seen a substantial growth in inbound tourist numbers and attracted considerable investment in tourism-related infrastructure such as air transport and the hospitality sector. While cruise tourism is and remains an emerging phenomenon in Iran, it is evident that the country has a vested interest in developing this lucrative sector due to the country’s strong domestic market and potential to serve the international market. Originality/value This is an original topic which has never been investigated before. Cruise tourism is an emerging market in Iran and this study sheds new light on this new development. The paper focuses on the historical, current and future development of the tourism industry in Iran with a specific emphasis on cruise tourism.

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