scholarly journals Antifouling Napyradiomycins from Marine-Derived Actinomycetes Streptomyces aculeolatus

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florbela Pereira ◽  
Joana R. Almeida ◽  
Marisa Paulino ◽  
Inês R. Grilo ◽  
Helena Macedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
In Silico Prediction ◽  
Antifouling Activity ◽  
Marine Biofouling ◽  
Immersed Surfaces ◽  
Madeira Archipelago ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Approved Drugs

The undesired attachment of micro and macroorganisms on water-immersed surfaces, known as marine biofouling, results in severe prevention and maintenance costs (billions €/year) for aquaculture, shipping and other industries that rely on coastal and off-shore infrastructures. To date, there are no sustainable, cost-effective and environmentally safe solutions to address this challenging phenomenon. Therefore, we investigated the antifouling activity of napyradiomycin derivatives that were isolated from actinomycetes from ocean sediments collected off the Madeira Archipelago. Our results revealed that napyradiomycins inhibited ≥80% of the marine biofilm-forming bacteria assayed, as well as the settlement of Mytilus galloprovincialis larvae (EC50 < 5 µg/ml and LC50/EC50 >15), without viability impairment. In silico prediction of toxicity end points are of the same order of magnitude of standard approved drugs and biocides. Altogether, napyradiomycins disclosed bioactivity against marine micro and macrofouling organisms, and non-toxic effects towards the studied species, displaying potential to be used in the development of antifouling products.

Pound Wise and Penny Foolish? Weight Loss and The Dynamics of Health Care Spending

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G Koch
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Health Care Spending ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Dynamic Measures ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Current estimates of obesity costs ignore the impact of future weight loss and gain, and may either over or underestimate economic consequences of weight loss. In light of this, I construct static and dynamic measures of medical costs associated with body mass index (BMI), to be balanced against the cost of one-time interventions. This study finds that ignoring the implications of weight loss and gain over time overstates the medical-cost savings of such interventions by an order of magnitude. When the relationship between spending and age is allowed to vary, weight-loss attempts appear to be cost-effective starting and ending with middle age. Some interventions recently proven to decrease weight may also be cost-effective.

Simulation of blast waves with tailored explosive charges

1985 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 137-152
Author(s):  
M. Sanai ◽  
H. E. Lindberg ◽  
J. D. Colton
Keyword(s):  
Shock Tube ◽  
Charge Density ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Development Programme ◽  
Blast Waves ◽  
Charge Density Distribution ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Explosive Charges ◽  
Simulation Time

We have developed a compact and cost-effective shock tube to simulate the static and dynamic pressures of blast waves. The shock tube is open at both ends and is driven by high explosives distributed over a finite length of the tube near one end. The overall charge length is determined by the simulation time of interest, and the charge-density distribution is tailored to produce the pressure-waveform shape desired. For the shock tube to simulate a typical blast wave, the charge density must be highest at the charge front (closest to the test section) and gradually reduced towards the back. The resulting shock tube is an order of magnitude shorter than a conventional dynamic airblast simulator (DABS) in which concentrated explosives are used to drive the shock.Tailored charges designed using this method were built and tested in a simulation development programme sponsored by the U.S. Defense Nuclear Agency (DNA). The pressures measured for several charge distributions agreed very well with SRI's PUFF hydrocode computations and demonstrated the feasibility of the compact simulator under realistic test conditions.

scholarly journals EXPERIENCE IN CONSTRUCTION OF HORIZONTAL WELLS AT THE KOSHILSKOYE OIL FIELD

2018 ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
N. A. Aksenova ◽  
E. Yu. Lipatov ◽  
T. A. Haritonova
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Wells ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Environmentally Safe

The article presents the experience of drilling horizontal wells at the Koshilskoye oil field in Jurassic sediments (UV1 formation) with application of environmentally safe emulsion drilling mud system BARADRIL-N XP-07 which has proved cost-effective.

scholarly journals Reversion of antibiotic resistance in drug-resistant bacteria using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug benzydamine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Ziwen Tong ◽  
Jingru Shi ◽  
Tian Deng ◽  
Ruichao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Inflammatory Drug ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Metabolic States ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Approved Drugs

Antimicrobial resistance has been a growing concern that gradually undermines our tradition treatment regimen. The fact that few antibacterial drugs with new scaffolds or targets have been approved in the past two decades aggravates this crisis. Repurposing previously approved drugs as potent antibiotic adjuvants offers a cost effective strategy to mitigate the development of resistance and tackle the increasing infections by multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria. Herein, we found that benzydamine, a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in clinic, remarkably potentiated broad spectrum antibiotic tetracyclines activity against a panel of clinical important resistant pathogens, including MRSA, VRE, MCRPEC and tet (X)-positive Gram negative bacteria. Further mechanistically experiments showed that benzydamine dissipated membrane potential (ΔΨ) in both Gram positive and negative bacteria, which in turn upregulated the transmembrane proton gradient (ΔpH) and promoted the uptake of tetracyclines. Additionally, benzydamine exacerbated the oxidative stress by triggering the production of ROS and suppressing GAD system mediated oxidative defensive. This mode of action explains the great bactericidal activity of the doxycycline benzydamine combination against different metabolic states of bacteria including persister cells. As a proof of concept, the in vivo efficacy of this combination therapy was evidenced in multiple animal infection models. These findings revealed that benzydamine is a promising tetracycline antibiotics adjuvant and has the potential to address life threatening infections by MDR bacteria.

scholarly journals Formulation, Stability, Pharmacokinetic, and Modeling Studies for Tests of Synergistic Combinations of Orally Available Approved Drugs Against Ebola Virus In Vivo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney L. Finch ◽  
Julie Dyall ◽  
Shuang Xu ◽  
Elizabeth A. Nelson ◽  
Elena Postnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Formulation Stability ◽  
Synergistic Combinations

Outbreaks of Ebola ebolavirus (EBOV) have been associated with high morbidity and mortality. Milestones have been reached recently in the management of EBOV disease (EVD) with licensure of an EBOV vaccine and two monoclonal antibody therapies. However, neither vaccines nor therapies are available for other disease-causing filoviruses. In preparation for such outbreaks, and for more facile and cost-effective management of EVD, we seek a cocktail containing orally available and room temperature stable drugs with strong activity against multiple filoviruses. We previously showed that (bepridil + sertraline) and (sertraline + toremifene) synergistically suppress EBOV in cell cultures. Here we describe steps towards testing these combinations in a mouse model of EVD. We identified a vehicle suitable for oral delivery of the component drugs and determined that, thus formulated the drugs are equally active against EBOV as preparations in DMSO, and they maintain activity upon storage in solution for up to seven days. Pharmacokinetic (PK) studies indicated that the drugs in the oral delivery vehicle are well tolerated in mice at the highest doses tested. Collectively the data support advancement of these combinations to tests for synergy in a mouse model of EVD. Moreover, mathematical modeling based on human oral PK projects that the combinations would be more active in humans than their component single drugs.

scholarly journals Silver Nanoparticles: Properties, Synthesis, Characterization, Applications and Future Trends

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil T. Galatage ◽  
Aditya S. Hebalkar ◽  
Shradhey V. Dhobale ◽  
Omkar R. Mali ◽  
Pranav S. Kumbhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Environmentally Safe

Nanotechnology is an expanding area of research where we use to deal with the materials in Nano-dimension. The conventional procedures for synthesizing metal nanoparticles need to sophisticated and costly instruments or high-priced chemicals. Moreover, the techniques may not be environmentally safe. Therefore “green” technologies for synthesis of nanoparticles are always preferred which is simple, convenient, eco-friendly and cost effective. Green synthesis of nanoparticle is a novel way to synthesis nanoparticles by using biological sources. It is gaining attention due to its cost effective, ecofriendly and large scale production possibilities. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most vital and fascinating nanomaterials among several metallic nanoparticles that are involved in biomedical applications. It has vital importance in nanoscience and naomedicines to treat and prevent vital disease in human beings especially in cancer treatment. In current work we discussed different methods for synthesis of AgNPs like biological, chemical and physical along with its characterization. We have also discussed vital importance of AgNPs to cure life threatnign diseases like cancer along with antidiabetic, antifungal, antiviral and antimicrobial alog with its molecular mode of action etc. Finally we conclude by discussing future prospects and possible applications of silver nano particles.

scholarly journals A 3D spheroid-specific role of Wnt/β-catenin and Eph-Ephrin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Canhui Yi ◽  
Sook Ling Lai ◽  
Chi Man Tsang ◽  
Margarita Artemenko ◽  
Maggie Kei Shuen Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Tumor Phenotype ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Migration Capacity ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Effective Models ◽  
3D Spheroids

One of the greatest unmet needs hindering the successful treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) is the lack of representative, physiological, and cost-effective models. Although Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is consistently present in NPC, most studies have focused on EBV-negative NPC. For the first time, 3D spheroids model of EBV-positive and -negative NPC cells were established and analyzed as compared to classical 2D culture in various aspects of tumor phenotype and drugs response. Compared to 2D monolayer, 3D spheroids showed a significant increase in their migration capacity, stemness characteristics, hypoxia and drug resistance. Coculture with endothelial cells that mimic the essential interactions in the tumor microenvironment effectively enhanced spheroid dissemination. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing showed significant changes at the transcriptional level compared to 2D monolayer. Particularly, we identified known (VEGF, AKT, mTOR) and novel (Wnt/β-catenin, Eph-Ephrin) cell signaling involved in NPC spheroids. Their targeting using FDA-approved drugs are effective in monoculture and coculture. These findings provide the first evidence on the establishment of an EVB-positive and -negative NPC 3D spheroids in resembling advanced/metastatic features, and the potential in identifying new drug targets.

scholarly journals One Step Forward towards the Development of Eco-Friendly Antifouling Coatings: Immobilization of a Sulfated Marine-Inspired Compound

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 489
Author(s):  
Cátia Vilas-Boas ◽  
Francisca Carvalhal ◽  
Beatriz Pereira ◽  
Sílvia Carvalho ◽  
Emília Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Natural Seawater ◽  
Chemical Immobilization ◽  
Antifouling Activity ◽  
Marine Biofouling ◽  
Marine Coatings ◽  
Antifouling Coatings ◽  
Environmental Properties ◽  
One Step

Marine biofouling represents a global economic and ecological challenge and few eco-friendly antifouling agents are available. The aim of this work was to establish the proof of concept that a recently synthesized nature-inspired compound (gallic acid persulfate, GAP) can act as an eco-friendly and effective antifoulant when immobilized in coatings through a non-release strategy, promoting a long-lasting antifouling effect. The synthesis of GAP was optimized to provide quantitative yields. GAP water solubility was assessed, showing values higher than 1000 mg/mL. GAP was found to be stable in sterilized natural seawater with a half-life (DT50) of 7 months. GAP was immobilized into several commercial coatings, exhibiting high compatibility with different polymeric matrices. Leaching assays of polydimethylsiloxane and polyurethane-based marine coatings containing GAP confirmed that the chemical immobilization of GAP was successful, since releases up to fivefold lower than the conventional releasing systems of polyurethane-based marine coatings were observed. Furthermore, coatings containing immobilized GAP exhibited the most auspicious anti-settlement effect against Mytilus galloprovincialis larvae for the maximum exposure period (40 h) in laboratory trials. Overall, GAP promises to be an agent capable of improving the antifouling activity of several commercial marine coatings with desirable environmental properties.

scholarly journals Towards High Performance Chemical Vapour Deposition V2O5 Cathodes for Batteries Employing Aqueous Media

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 5558
Author(s):  
Dimitra Vernardou ◽  
Charalampos Drosos ◽  
Andreas Kafizas ◽  
Martyn E. Pemble ◽  
Emmanouel Koudoumas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Environmentally Safe

The need for clean and efficient energy storage has become the center of attention due to the eminent global energy crisis and growing ecological concerns. A key component in this effort is the ultra-high performance battery, which will play a major role in the energy industry. To meet the demands in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and large-scale energy storage systems, it is necessary to prepare advanced batteries with high safety, fast charge ratios, and discharge capabilities at a low cost. Cathode materials play a significant role in determining the performance of batteries. Among the possible electrode materials is vanadium pentoxide, which will be discussed in this review, due to its low cost and high theoretical capacity. Additionally, aqueous electrolytes, which are environmentally safe, provide an alternative approach compared to organic media for safe, cost-effective, and scalable energy storage. In this review, we will reveal the industrial potential of competitive methods to grow cathodes with excellent stability and enhanced electrochemical performance in aqueous media and lay the foundation for the large-scale production of electrode materials.

Solar Production of Hydrogen Using “Self-Assembled” Polyoxometalate Photocatalysts

2006 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Muradov ◽  
A. T-Raissi
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Anion Exchange Resins ◽  
Colloidal Platinum ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Exchange Resins ◽  
Water Alcohol Solutions ◽  
Water Alcohol

The near-term and cost-effective production of solar hydrogen from inexpensive and readily available hydrogen containing compounds (HCCs) can boost the prospects of future hydrogen economy. In this paper, we assess the prospects of the solar-assisted conversion of HCCs into hydrogen using polyoxometalate (POM) based photocatalysts, such as isopolytungstates (IPT) and silicotungstic acid (STA). Upon exposure to solar photons, IPT aqueous solutions containing various HCCs (e.g., alcohols, alkanes, organic acids, sugars, etc.) produce hydrogen gas and corresponding oxygenated compounds. The presence of small amounts of colloidal platinum increases the rate of hydrogen evolution by one order of magnitude. A solar photocatalytic flat-bed reactor, approximately 1.2m×1.2m in size, was fabricated and tested for the production of hydrogen from water-alcohol solutions containing IPT and STA and small amounts of colloidal Pt. The solar photoreactor tests demonstrated steady-state production of hydrogen gas for several days. IPT immobilized on granules of anion exchange resins with quaternary ammonium active groups show good photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production from water-alcohol solutions exposed to near-UV or solar radiation.

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