scholarly journals Fucoidan from Undaria pinnatifida Ameliorates Epidermal Barrier Disruption via Keratinocyte Differentiation and CaSR Level Regulation

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 660
Author(s):  
Yu Chen ◽  
Xuenan Li ◽  
Xiaoshuang Gan ◽  
Junmei Qi ◽  
Biao Che ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Undaria Pinnatifida ◽  
Keratinocyte Differentiation ◽  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
Calcium Sensing Receptor ◽  
Epidermal Barrier ◽  
Barrier Disruption ◽  
Calcium Sensing ◽  
External Agents ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Barrier Repair

The epidermal barrier acts as a line of defense against external agents as well as helps to maintain body homeostasis. The calcium concentration gradient across the epidermal barrier is closely related to the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes (KCs), and the regulation of these two processes is the key to the repair of epidermal barrier disruption. In the present study, we found that fucoidan from Undaria pinnatifida (UPF) could promote the repair of epidermal barrier disruption in mice. The mechanistic study demonstrated that UPF could promote HaCaT cell differentiation under low calcium condition by up-regulating the expression of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), which could then lead to the activation of the Catenin/PLCγ1 pathway. Further, UPF could increase the expression of CaSR through activate the ERK and p38 pathway. These findings reveal the molecular mechanism of UPF in the repair of the epidermal barrier and provide a basis for the development of UPF into an agent for the repair of epidermal barrier repair.

Vitamin D receptor, a tumor suppressor in skin

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel D. Bikle
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Calcium Sensing Receptor ◽  
Keratinocyte Proliferation ◽  
Calcium Sensing ◽  
Damage Repair ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Active Investigation

Vitamin D and calcium are well-established regulators of keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, it was not a great surprise that deletion of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) should predispose the skin to tumor formation, and that the combination of deleting both the VDR and calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) should be especially pro-oncogenic. In this review I have examined 4 mechanisms that appear to underlie the means by which VDR acts as a tumor suppressor in skin. First, DNA damage repair is curtailed in the absence of the VDR, allowing mutations in DNA to accumulate. Second and third involve the increased activation of the hedgehog and β-catenin pathways in the epidermis in the absence of the VDR, leading to poorly regulated proliferation with reduced differentiation. Finally, VDR deletion leads to a shift in the expression of long noncoding RNAs toward a more oncogenic profile. How these different mechanisms interact and their relative importance in the predisposition of the VDR null epidermis to tumor formation remain under active investigation.

Epidermal expression of the full-length extracellular calcium-sensing receptor is required for normal keratinocyte differentiation

2002 ◽  
Vol 192 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laszlo Komuves ◽  
Yuko Oda ◽  
Chia-ling Tu ◽  
Wen Han Chang ◽  
Chrystal L. Ho-Pao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Calcium ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Keratinocyte Differentiation ◽  
Calcium Sensing Receptor ◽  
Calcium Sensing ◽  
Epidermal Expression

scholarly journals Caspase-14 reveals its secrets

2008 ◽  
Vol 180 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geertrui Denecker ◽  
Petra Ovaere ◽  
Peter Vandenabeele ◽  
Wim Declercq
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Keratinocyte Differentiation ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Epidermal Barrier ◽  
Unique Member ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Deficient Mice

Caspase-14 is a unique member of the evolutionarily conserved family of cysteinyl aspartate–specific proteinases, which are mainly involved in inflammation and apoptosis. However, recent evidence also implicates these proteases in proliferation and differentiation. Although most caspases are ubiquitously expressed, caspase-14 expression is confined mainly to cornifying epithelia, such as the skin. Moreover, caspase-14 activation correlates with cornification, indicating that it plays a role in terminal keratinocyte differentiation. The determination of in vitro conditions for caspase-14 activity paved the way to identifying its substrates. The recent development of caspase-14–deficient mice underscored its importance in the correct degradation of (pro)filaggrin and in the formation of the epidermal barrier that protects against dehydration and UVB radiation. Here, we review the current knowledge on caspase-14 in skin homeostasis and disease.

scholarly journals The Calcium Sensing Receptor and Its Alternatively Spliced Form in Keratinocyte Differentiation

1998 ◽  
Vol 273 (36) ◽  
pp. 23344-23352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Oda ◽  
Chia-Ling Tu ◽  
Sreekumar Pillai ◽  
Daniel D. Bikle
Keyword(s):  
Keratinocyte Differentiation ◽  
Calcium Sensing Receptor ◽  
Calcium Sensing ◽  
Alternatively Spliced

Epidermal Keratinocyte Differentiation is Disrupted in Mice Lacking The Full Length Extracellular Calcium-Sensing Receptor

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 185-186
Author(s):  
László G. Kömüves ◽  
Jonathan D. Harris ◽  
Chrystal Ho ◽  
Daniel D. Bikle
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Extracellular Calcium ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Keratinocyte Differentiation ◽  
Calcium Sensing Receptor ◽  
Calcium Sensing

The importance of the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) in the stringent control of extracellular Ca2+ concentration is well established. However, the presence of CaR in tissues not directly involved in regulating mineral ion homeostasis suggests a role for CaR in local regulation of cellular functions. Although extracellular Ca2+ regulates the differentiation of keratinocytes, the role of CaR in the epidermis is not established. In this work using knockout mice lacking full length CaR, we sought to determine the role of CaR in epidermal differentiation.Dorsal skin of Casr−/− knockout mice lacking full length CaR, and Casr+/+ (wild type) control mice, aged 4 to 7 days after birth was fixed in 4% formaldehyde in PBS, and in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 2% formaldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer. The samples were embedded in paraffin (for immunohistochemistry and for in situ hybridization) or in Spurr’s or LR White resins. Digoxigenin labeled antisense and sense RNA probes for loricrin and filaggrin were used for in situ hybridization.

Abstract #543 Teriparatide-Induced Hypercalcemic Crisis in a Patient on Lithium: Overwhelming the Calcium Sensing Receptor

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 130-131
Author(s):  
Pratibha Abraham ◽  
Muhammad Siddiqui ◽  
Deepashree Gupta ◽  
Stewart Albert
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Sensing Receptor ◽  
Hypercalcemic Crisis ◽  
Calcium Sensing
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