scholarly journals Ishige okamurae Extract Ameliorates the Hyperglycemia and Body Weight Gain of db/db Mice through Regulation of the PI3K/Akt Pathway and Thermogenic Factors by FGF21

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Jin Seo ◽  
Kippeum Lee ◽  
Sungwoo Chei ◽  
Ji-Hyeon Song ◽  
Boo-Yong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Akt Pathway ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Glut4 Expression ◽  
Ishige Okamurae ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

Type 2 diabetes mellitus and related metabolic disorders, such as dyslipidemia, present increasing challenges to health worldwide, as a result of urbanization, the increasing prevalence of obesity, poor lifestyle, and other stress-related factors. Ishige okamurae extract (IOE) is known to be effective at lowering blood glucose and ameliorating metabolic disease. However, detailed mechanisms for these effects have yet to be elucidated. Here, we show that IOE ameliorates substrate (IRS)/ phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway and increasing glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression in skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue (WAT). We also demonstrate that IOE increases the expression of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)21, a regulator of glucose and energy metabolism in muscle and WAT. In addition, IOE administration increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α expression, which regulates expression of the key thermogenic molecule uncoupling protein 1 in WAT. Thus, the effects of IOE to ameliorate hyperglycemia and adiposity may be mediated through FGF21 activating insulin signaling and increasing the expression of GLUT4 and pro-thermogenic factors.

scholarly journals AMPK and PPARβ positive feedback loop regulates endurance exercise training-mediated GLUT4 expression in skeletal muscle

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (5) ◽  
pp. E931-E939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Ho Koh ◽  
Chad R. Hancock ◽  
Dong-Ho Han ◽  
John O. Holloszy ◽  
K. Sreekumaran Nair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Glut4 Expression ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Glucose Transporter Type 4

The objective of this study is to determine whether AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α), or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β (PPARβ) can independently mediate the increase of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) expression that occurs in response to exercise training. We found that PPARβ can regulate GLUT4 expression without PGC-1α. We also found AMPK and PPARβ are important for maintaining normal physiological levels of GLUT4 protein in the sedentary condition as well following exercise training. However, AMPK and PPARβ are not essential for the increase in GLUT4 protein expression that occurs in response to exercise training. We discovered that AMPK activation increases PPARβ via myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A), which acted as a transcription factor for PPARβ. Furthermore, exercise training increases the cooperation of AMPK and PPARβ to regulate glucose uptake. In conclusion, cooperation between AMPK and PPARβ via NRF-1/MEF2A pathway enhances the exercise training mediated adaptive increase in GLUT4 expression and subsequent glucose uptake in skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals Nigella Sativa and Ginger Increase GLUT4 and PPARγ in Metabolic Syndrome‐Induced Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3261-3269
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

Increased fructose intake has been linked to the epidemiology of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, renal damage, and metabolic syndrome (MS). As oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathology of insulin resistance, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Nigella Sativa (NS) and ginger as potent antioxidants on fructose-induced MS in rats. Male rats were fed with a high‐fructose high-fat-fed diet for 8 weeks. By the end of the 8th week, rats were divided into four groups; one was left untreated (normal control) and MS control group was treated with saline. MS groups were given Nigella sativa (4 ml/kg) and ginger (500 mg/kg) daily for 4 weeks. Markers chosen for assessment included the effect on body weight gain, glucose, insulin, adiponectin levels, and lipid profile. Also, protein expressions were estimated by glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) content and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma (PPARγ). Nigella sativa and ginger ameliorated some manifestations of MS, including an increase in body weight, glucose, insulin level, and resistance. Besides, both drugs lowered insulin resistance, induced hyperlipidemia and increased adiponectin level. Drugs also increased GLUT4 and PPARγ protein expression compared with MS control group. Nigella sativa and ginger ameliorated parameters of MS via increased GLUT4 and PPARγ expression.

scholarly journals Pancreatic Islet Adaptation to Fasting Is Dependent on Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Transcriptional Up-Regulation of Fatty Acid Oxidation

Endocrinology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrine Gremlich ◽  
Christopher Nolan ◽  
Raphaël Roduit ◽  
Rémy Burcelin ◽  
Marie-Line Peyot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Pancreatic Islet ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

The cellular response to fasting and starvation in tissues such as heart, skeletal muscle, and liver requires peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα)-dependent up-regulation of energy metabolism toward fatty acid oxidation (FAO). PPARα null (PPARαKO) mice develop hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in the fasting state, and we previously showed that PPARα expression is increased in islets at low glucose. On this basis, we hypothesized that enhanced PPARα expression and FAO, via depletion of lipid-signaling molecule(s) for insulin exocytosis, are also involved in the normal adaptive response of the islet to fasting. Fasted PPARαKO mice compared with wild-type mice had supranormal ip glucose tolerance due to increased plasma insulin levels. Isolated islets from the PPARα null mice had a 44% reduction in FAO, normal glucose use and oxidation, and enhanced glucose-induced insulin secretion. In normal rats, fasting for 24 h increased islet PPARα, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, and uncoupling protein-2 mRNA expression by 60%, 62%, and 82%, respectively. The data are consistent with the view that PPARα, via transcriptionally up-regulating islet FAO, can reduce insulin secretion, and that this mechanism is involved in the normal physiological response of the pancreatic islet to fasting such that hypoglycemia is avoided.

Functional genomic characterization of delipidation elicited by trans-10, cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid (t10c12-CLA) in a polygenic obese line of mice

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph L. House ◽  
Joseph P. Cassady ◽  
Eugene J. Eisen ◽  
Thomas E. Eling ◽  
Jennifer B. Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Brown Adipose

Gene expression was measured during t10c12-CLA-induced body fat reduction in a polygenic obese line of mice. Adult mice ( n = 185) were allotted to a 2 × 2 factorial experiment consisting of either nonobese (ICR-control) or obese (M16-selected) mice fed a 7% fat, purified diet containing either 1% linoleic acid (LA) or 1% t10c12-CLA. Body weight (BW) by day 14 was 12% lower in CLA- compared with LA-fed mice ( P < 0.0001). By day 14, t10c12-CLA reduced weights of epididymal, mesenteric, and brown adipose tissues, as a percentage of BW, in both lines by 30, 27, and 58%, respectively, and increased liver weight/BW by 34% ( P < 0.0001). Total RNA was isolated and pooled (4 pools per tissue per day) from epididymal adipose ( days 5 and 14) of the obese mice to analyze gene expression profiles using Agilent mouse oligo microarray slides representing >20,000 genes. Numbers of genes differentially expressed by greater than or equal to twofold in epididymal adipose ( days 5 and 14) were 29 and 125, respectively. It was concluded that, in adipose tissue, CLA increased expression of uncoupling proteins (1 and 2), carnitine palmitoyltransferase system, tumor necrosis factor-α ( P < 0.05), and caspase-3 but decreased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, glucose transporter-4, perilipin, caveolin-1, adiponectin, resistin, and Bcl-2 ( P < 0.01). In conclusion, this experiment has revealed candidate genes that will be useful in elucidating mechanisms of adipose delipidation.

scholarly journals Chenodeoxycholic Acid Ameliorates AlCl3-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease Neurotoxicity and Cognitive Deterioration via Enhanced Insulin Signaling in Rats

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firas H. Bazzari ◽  
Dalaal M. Abdallah ◽  
Hanan S. El-Abhar
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Chenodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Significant Difference

Insulin resistance is a major risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and synthetic Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) ligands have shown promising outcomes in ameliorating insulin resistance associated with various medical conditions. This study aimed to investigate whether CDCA treatment has any potential in AD management through improving insulin signaling. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into three groups and treated for six consecutive weeks; control (vehicle), AD-model (AlCl3 50 mg/kg/day i.p) and CDCA-treated group (AlCl3 + CDCA 90 mg/kg/day p.o from day 15). CDCA improved cognition as assessed by Morris Water Maze and Y-maze tests and preserved normal histological features. Moreover, CDCA lowered hippocampal beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42). Although no significant difference was observed in hippocampal insulin level, CDCA reduced insulin receptor substrate-1 phosphorylation at serine-307 (pSer307-IRS1), while increased protein kinase B (Akt) activation, glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Additionally, CDCA activated cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and enhanced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Ultimately, CDCA was able to improve insulin sensitivity in the hippocampi of AlCl3-treated rats, which highlights its potential in AD management.

scholarly journals Traditional Herbal Formula Oyaksungi-San Inhibits Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sae-Rom Yoo ◽  
Chang-Seob Seo ◽  
Hyeun-Kyoo Shin ◽  
Soo-Jin Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Binding Protein ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Herbal Formula ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Gpdh Activity ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Intracellular Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Glycerol 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Background. Oyaksungi-san (OYSGS) is a herbal formula that has been used for treating cardiovascular diseases in traditional Asian medicine. Here, we investigated the antiadipogenic effect of OYSGS extract in 3T3-L1 adipose cells.Methods. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated into adipocytes with or without OYSGS. After differentiation, we measured Oil Red O staining, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity, leptin production, mRNA, and protein levels of adipogenesis-related factors.Results. OYSGS extract dramatically inhibited intracellular lipid accumulation in the differentiated adipocytes. It also significantly suppressed the (GPDH) activity, triglyceride (TG) content, and leptin production by reducing the expression of adipogenesis-related genes including lipoprotein lipase, fatty acid binding protein 4, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha (C/EBP-α), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ). Furthermore, OYSGS clearly enhanced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as well as its substrate acetyl CoA (ACC) carboxylase.Conclusions. Our results demonstrate that OYSGS negatively controls TG accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We suggest antiadipogenic activity of OYSGS and its potential benefit in preventing obesity.

scholarly journals Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Lipid-Related Transcript Expression and the Economics of Broiler Chickens Fed Different Levels of Rutin

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fardos Hassan ◽  
Elshimaa Roushdy ◽  
Asmaa Kishawy ◽  
Asmaa Zaglool ◽  
Hammed Tukur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

The effects of rutin on growth performance, hematological and biochemical profiles, antioxidant capacity, economics and the relative expression of selected antioxidants and lipid-related genes were studied in broiler chickens over 42 days. A total of 200 one-day-old female Ross-308 broiler chickens were distributed into four groups, with five replicates of 10 individuals per replicate. They were fed with 0 (control), 0.25, 0.5 or 1 g rutin/kg supplementation in their basal diet. Dietary rutin supplementation, especially the 1 g/kg diet, increased body weight gain, the protein efficiency ratio (p < 0.001) and both white blood cell and lymphocyte counts (p < 0.001). However, it had no effect on total protein, albumin, globulin, or alanine transaminase. A high concentration of rutin (0.5 and 1 g/kg) also significantly reduced serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations (p < 0.001), as well as malondialdehyde concentrations (p = 0.001). A high concentration diet also increased the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Of the lipid-related genes examined, acetyl CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase were significantly down-regulated in the livers of rutin-fed individuals, whereas carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha were significantly up-regulated. Therefore, rutin supplementation at 1 g/kg has the potential to improve the productive performance and health status of broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Brown adipose tissue activity is modulated in olanzapine-treated young rats by simvastatin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuemei Liu ◽  
Xiyu Feng ◽  
Chao Deng ◽  
Lu Liu ◽  
Yanping Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Olanzapine Treatment ◽  
Brown Adipose

Abstract BackgroundPrescription of second-generation antipsychotic drugs (SGAs) to childhood/adolescent has exponentially increased in recent years, which was associated with the greater risk of significant sedation, weight gain, and dyslipidemia. Statin is considered a potential preventive and treatment approach for reducing SGA-induced weight gain and dyslipidemia in schizophrenia patients. However, the effect of statin treatment in children and adolescents with SGA-induced dyslipidemia is not clearly demonstrated.MethodsTo investigate the efficacy of interventions of statin aimed at reversing SGA-induced dyslipidemia, young Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were treated orally with either olanzapine (1.0 mg/kg, t.i.d.), simvastatin (3.0 mg/kg, t.i.d.), olanzapine plus simvastatin (O+S), or vehicle (control) for 5 weeks.ResultsOlanzapine treatment increased weight gain, food intake and feeding efficiency compared to the control, while O+S co-treatment significantly reversed body weight gain but had no significant effect on food intake. Moreover, olanzapine treatment induced a slight but significant reduction in body temperature, with a decrease in locomotor activity. Fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) levels were markedly elevated in the olanzapine-only group, whereas O+S co-treatment significantly ameliorated these changes. A down-regulating of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) and peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α) expression was observed in brown adipose tissue (BAT) in the olanzapine-only group, following a significant decrease in the ratio of phosphorylated PKA (p-PKA)/PKA. Interestingly, these protein changes could be reversed by co-treatment with O+B. Our results demonstrated simvastatin to be effective in ameliorating TC and TG elevated by olanzapine.ConclusionsModulation of BAT activity could be a partial mechanism in reducing metabolic side effects caused by SGAs in child and adolescent patients.

scholarly journals Brown adipose tissue activity is modulated in olanzapine-treated young rats by simvastatin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuemei Liu ◽  
Xiyu Feng ◽  
Chao Deng ◽  
Lu Liu ◽  
Yanping Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Olanzapine Treatment ◽  
Brown Adipose

Abstract Background Prescription of second-generation antipsychotic drugs (SGAs) to childhood/adolescent has exponentially increased in recent years, which was associated with the greater risk of significant weight gain and dyslipidemia. Statin is considered a potential preventive and treatment approach for reducing SGA-induced weight gain and dyslipidemia in schizophrenia patients. However, the effect of statin treatment in children and adolescents with SGA-induced dyslipidemia is not clearly demonstrated.Methods To investigate the efficacy of statin interventions for reversing SGA-induced dyslipidemia, young Sprague Dawley rats were treated orally with either olanzapine (1.0 mg/kg, t.i.d.), simvastatin (3.0 mg/kg, t.i.d.), olanzapine plus simvastatin (O+S), or vehicle (control) for 5 weeks. Results Olanzapine treatment increased weight gain, food intake and feeding efficiency compared to the control, while O+S co-treatment significantly reversed body weight gain but without significant effects on food intake. Moreover, olanzapine treatment induced a slight but significant reduction in body temperature, with a decrease in locomotor activity. Fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) levels were markedly elevated in the olanzapine-only group, whereas O+S co-treatment significantly ameliorated these changes. Pronounced activation of lipogenic gene expression in the liver and down-regulated expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) and peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) was observed in the olanzapine-only group. Interestingly, these protein changes could be reversed by co-treatment with O+B. Conclusions Simvastatin is effective in ameliorating TC and TG elevated by olanzapine. Modulation of BAT activity by statins could be a partial mechanism in reducing metabolic side effects caused by SGAs in child and adolescent patients.

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