scholarly journals Eicosapentaenoic Acid Extraction from Nannochloropsis gaditana using Carbon Dioxide at Supercritical Conditions

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Molino ◽  
Maria Martino ◽  
Vincenzo Larocca ◽  
Giuseppe Di Sanzo ◽  
Anna Spagnoletta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Nannochloropsis Gaditana ◽  
Extraction Cycle ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Co2 Flow ◽  
Total Extraction

This research shows that carbon dioxide supercritical fluid (CO2-SF) is an emerging technology for the extraction of high interest compounds for applications in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics from microalgae. The purpose of this study is to recover fatty acids (FAs) and, more precisely, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from Nannochloropsis gaditana biomass by CO2-SF extraction. In the paper, the effect of mechanical pre-treatment was evaluated with the aim of increasing FAs recovery. Extraction was performed at a pressure range of 250–550 bars and a CO2 flow rate of 7.24 and 14.48 g/min, while temperature was fixed at 50 or 65 °C. The effect of these parameters on the extraction yield was assessed at each extraction cycle, 20 min each, for a total extraction time of 100 min. Furthermore, the effect of biomass loading on EPA recovery was evaluated. The highest EPA extraction yield, i.e., 11.50 mg/g, corresponding to 27.4% EPA recovery, was obtained at 65 °C and 250 bars with a CO2 flow rate of 7.24 g/min and 1.0 g biomass loading. The increased CO2 flow rate from 7.24 to 14.48 g/min enhanced the cumulative EPA recovery at 250 bars. The purity of EPA could be improved by biomass loading of 2.01 g, even if recovery was reduced.

scholarly journals Extraction of Bioactive Compounds Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Molino ◽  
Vincenzo Larocca ◽  
Giuseppe Di Sanzo ◽  
Maria Martino ◽  
Patrizia Casella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Extraction Cycle ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Co2 Flow ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Microalgae Dunaliella salina contains useful molecules such as β-carotene and fatty acids (FAs), which are considered high value-added compounds. To extract these molecules, supercritical carbon dioxide was used at different operative conditions. The effects of mechanical pre-treatment (grinding speed at 0–600 rpm; pre-treatment time of 2.5–7.5 min) and operating parameters for extraction, such as biomass loading (2.45 and 7.53 g), pressure (100–550 bars), temperature (50–75 °C) and CO2 flow rate (7.24 and 14.48 g/min) by varying the extraction times (30–110 min) were evaluated. Results showed that the maximum cumulative recovery (25.48%) of β-carotene was achieved at 400 bars and 65 °C with a CO2 flow rate of 14.48 g/min, while the highest purity for stage (55.40%) was attained at 550 bars and 65 °C with a CO2 flow rate of 14.48 g/min. The maximum recovery of FAs, equal to 8.47 mg/g, was achieved at 550 bars and 75 °C with a CO2 flow rate of 14.48 g/min. Moreover, the lowest biomass loading (2.45 g) and the first extraction cycle (30 min) allowed the maximum extraction of β-carotene and FAs.

Effect of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Flow Rate on Extraction Yield, Antioxidant Properties and Morphological Changes of Quercus infectoria Galls

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasmida Mohd Nasir ◽  
Liza Md Salleh ◽  
Mohd Azizi Che Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Co2 Flow ◽  
Quercus Infectoria ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

The extraction condition of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction was used to extract Quercus infectoria galls, a medicinal plant which rich with bioactive compound, in order to maintain the green environment as well as the quality of the product. The study was performed to investigate the effect of extraction parameter (CO2 flow rate) on Quercus infectoria galls extract using SC-CO2 extraction. Then, the extract was analysed to determine their antioxidant activity and morphological changes of the Quercus infectoria galls before and after the extraction. Hence, three different CO2 flow rate have been investigated which were 2, 3, and 4 mL/min while pressure (P) and temperature (T) were fixed at highest density (P: 30 MPa, T: 40oC). The results obtained from this study showed the solvent flow rate of 2 mL/min give the highest percentage of extraction yield which is 0.37% compared to others. The extracts were screened for possible antioxidant activity by antioxidant activity 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assays. In this study, the best result obtained was at flow rate of 3 mL/min with inhibition percentage of 96.97% but it showed insignificant difference with other CO2 flow rates. The change in morphology of the galls was significant when observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM).  These results indicated that SC-CO2 extraction could be an alternative method for extraction of antioxidative compound from Q.infectoria galls.  

scholarly journals Selective Extraction of ω-3 Fatty Acids from Nannochloropsis sp. Using Supercritical CO2 Extraction

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (13) ◽  
pp. 2406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Paolo Leone ◽  
Roberto Balducchi ◽  
Sanjeet Mehariya ◽  
Maria Martino ◽  
Vincenzo Larocca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Co2 Flow ◽  
Supercritical Fluid Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Treatment Step

In this article, microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. was used for fatty acid (FA) extraction, using a supercritical fluid-carbon dioxide (SF-CO2) extraction method. This study investigated the influence of different pre-treatment conditions by varying the grinding speed (200–600 rpm), pre-treatment time (2.5–10 min), and mixing ratio of diatomaceous earth (DE) and Nannochloropsis sp. biomass (0.5–2.0 DE/biomass) on FAs extraction. In addition, the effect of different operating conditions, such as pressure (100–550 bar), temperature (50–75 °C), and CO2 flow rate (7.24 and 14.48 g/min) on eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) recovery, was analyzed. Experimental data evidenced that, keeping constant the extraction conditions, the pre-treatment step enhanced the FAs extraction yield up to 3.4 fold, thereby the maximum extracted amount of FAs (61.19 mg/g) was attained with the pre-treatment with a ratio of DE/biomass of 1 at 600 rpm for 5 min. Moreover, by increasing both SF-CO2 pressure and temperature, the selectivity towards EPA was enhanced, while intermediate pressure and lower pressure promoted DHA recovery. The highest amount of extracted EPA, i.e., 5.69 mg/g, corresponding to 15.59%, was obtained at 75 °C and 550 bar with a CO2 flow rate of 14.48 g/min, while the maximum amount of extracted DHA, i.e., ~0.12 mg/g, equal to 79.63%, was registered at 50 °C and 400 bar with a CO2 flow rate of 14.48 g/min. Moreover, the increased CO2 flow rate from 7.24 to 14.48 g/min enhanced both EPA and DHA recovery.

scholarly journals Extraction of essential oils from lime (Citrus latifolia Tanaka) by hydrodistillation and supercritical carbon dioxide

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Atti-Santos ◽  
Marcelo Rossato ◽  
Luciana Atti Serafini ◽  
Eduardo Cassel ◽  
Patrick Moyna
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Supercritical Extraction ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Citrus Latifolia ◽  
Co2 Flow ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

In this work lime essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and supercritical carbon dioxide. In the case of hydrodistillation, the parameters evaluated were extraction time and characteristics of the plant material. In supercritical extraction, the parameters evaluated were temperature, pressure, CO2 flow, extraction time and material characteristics. Considering citral content, the best results for hydrodistillation were obtained with a distillation time of 3 hours using whole peels. The best results for supercritical extraction were found using 60ºC, 90 bar, at a CO2 flow rate of 1 mL/ min for 30 minutes using milled peels. The best yields of lime oil were obtained by hydrodistillation (5.45% w/w) and supercritical extraction (7.93% w/w) for milled peels.

scholarly journals Process optimization for the supercritical carbondioxide extraction of lycopene from ripe grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) endocarp

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriya Priyadarsani ◽  
Avinash Singh Patel ◽  
Abhijit Kar ◽  
Sukanta Dash
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Operating Parameter ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Polynomial Regression Models ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

AbstractIn this study, an underutilized citrus family fruit named grapefruit was explored for the extraction of lycopene using supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) extraction technique. An experimental design was developed using response surface methodology to investigate the effect of supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) operating parameter viz., pressure, temperature, CO2 flow rate, and extraction time on the extraction yield of lycopene yield from grapefruit. A total of 30 sets of experiments were conducted with six central points. The statistical model indicated that extraction pressure and extraction time individually, and their interaction, significantly affected the lycopene yield. The central composite design showed that the polynomial regression models developed were in agreement with the experimental results, with R2 of 0.9885. The optimum conditions for extraction of lycopene from grapefruit were 305 bar pressure, 35 g/min CO2 flow rate, 135 min of extraction time, and 70 °C temperature.

scholarly journals Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Astaxanthin, Lutein, and Fatty Acids from Haematococcus pluvialis Microalgae

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Sanzo ◽  
Sanjeet Mehariya ◽  
Maria Martino ◽  
Vincenzo Larocca ◽  
Patrizia Casella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Extraction ◽  
Co2 Flow ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Scale Reactor

Haematococcus pluvialis microalgae in the red phase can produce significant amounts of astaxanthin, lutein, and fatty acids (FAs), which are valuable antioxidants in nutraceutics and cosmetics. Extraction of astaxanthin, lutein, and FAs from disrupted biomass of the H. pluvialis red phase using carbon dioxide (CO2) in supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) conditions was investigated using a bench-scale reactor in a semi-batch configuration. In particular, the effect of extraction time (20, 40, 60, 80, and 120 min), CO2 flow rate (3.62 and 14.48 g/min) temperature (50, 65, and 80 °C), and pressure (100, 400, and 550 bar.) was explored. The results show the maximum recovery of astaxanthin and lutein achieved were 98.6% and 52.3%, respectively, at 50 °C and 550 bars, while the maximum recovery of FAs attained was 93.2% at 65 °C and 550 bars.

scholarly journals SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE EXTRACTION OF MANGO GINGER (CURCUMA MANGGA ROXB.): PROCESS OPTIMIZATION USING TAGUCHI METHOD

2019 ◽  
pp. 152-155
Author(s):  
RINALDI SALEA ◽  
ERWAN Y. DARUSSALAM ◽  
STEVANUS HIENDRAWAN ◽  
BAMBANG VERIANSYAH ◽  
RAYMOND R. TJANDRAWINATA
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Dynamic Extraction ◽  
Co2 Flow ◽  
Optimum Extraction ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Objective: Extraction of Curcuma mangga (C. mangga) using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) was investigated to provide information about the optimum extraction condition. Methods: A Taguchi method with L9 orthogonal array design was used to determine the optimum extraction conditions. Effects of extraction pressure, temperature, CO2 flow rate and dynamic extraction time on C. mangga oil yield were investigated at levels ranging between 150-350 bar, 40-60 °C, 10-20 g/min and 120-240 min, respectively. Results: The highest C. mangga oil yield (5.223%) from SC-CO2 extraction was obtained at a pressure of 350 bar, temperature of 60 °C, CO2 flow rate of 20 g/min and dynamic extraction time of 240 min. The experimental C. mangga oil yield at optimum condition was in a good agreement with the values predicted by computational process using Taguchi method. Based on S/N ratio calculation, the most influencing parameters in maximizing C. mangga oil yield is extraction temperature, followed by extraction pressure, dynamic extraction time and CO2 flow rate. Conclusion: In this study, Taguchi method was successfully applied to optimize SC-CO2 extraction of C. mangga. Taguchi method was able to simplify the experimental procedure of SC-CO2 extraction.

scholarly journals Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Lutein from Scenedesmus almeriensis

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeet Mehariya ◽  
Angela Iovine ◽  
Giuseppe Di Sanzo ◽  
Vincenzo Larocca ◽  
Maria Martino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Co2 Flow ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Scenedesmus Almeriensis

Lutein has several benefits for human health, playing an important role in the prevention of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cataracts, amelioration of the first stages of atherosclerosis, and some types of cancer. In this work, the Scenedesmus almeriensis microalga was used as a natural source for the supercritical fluid (SF) extraction of lutein. For this purpose, the optimization of the main parameters affecting the extraction, such as biomass pre-treatment, temperature, pressure, and carbon dioxide (CO2) flow rate, was performed. In the first stage, the effect of mechanical pre-treatment (diatomaceous earth (DE) and biomass mixing in the range 0.25–1 DE/biomass; grinding speed varying between 0 and 600 rpm, and pre-treatment time changing from 2.5 to 10 min), was evaluated on lutein extraction efficiency. In the second stage, the influence of SF-CO2 extraction parameters such as pressure (25–55 MPa), temperature (50 and 65 °C), and CO2 flow rate (7.24 and 14.48 g/min) on lutein recovery and purity was investigated. The results demonstrated that by increasing temperature, pressure, and CO2 flow rate lutein recovery and purity were improved. The maximum lutein recovery (~98%) with purity of ~34% was achieved operating at 65 °C and 55 MPa with a CO2 flow rate of 14.48 g/min. Therefore, optimum conditions could be useful in food industries for lutein supplementation in food products.

Utilization of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Co-solvent n-hexane to Optimize Oil Extraction from Gliricidia sepium Seeds for Biodiesel Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Macawile ◽  
Joseph Auresenia
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Co2 Flow ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

This study was conducted to optimize the supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction of oil from Gliricidia sepium seeds using response surface methodology. Initial experiments were carried out using scCO2 and scCO2 with co-solvent n-hexane to determine the effect of co-solvent addition in oil yield. In order to obtain the maximum yield, experiments were conducted using Response Surface Methodology - Face Centered Central Composite Design (RSM – FCCD) under the following conditions: pressure of 20, 30, and 40 MPa, temperature of 50, 60, and 70°C, and CO2 flow rate of 2, 2.5, and 3 mL/min. A second-order polynomial with extended cubic interaction model was significantly fitted (p < 0.05), and a high coefficient determination value (R2 = 0.98) was recorded. At a constant extraction time of 60 minutes, the best extraction yield (12.12%) was obtained at 60°C, 40 MPa, and 2.5 mL/min. The pressure, temperature, and CO2 flow rate were all found to have a significant effect on the oil yield. The oil was used in biodiesel production and its methyl ester composition was analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID).

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