scholarly journals Is Longevity Acceleration Sustainable? An Entropy-Based Trial of the Population of Spain vs. Japan

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 1810
Author(s):  
Amancio Betzuen Zalbidegoitia ◽  
Amaia Jone Betzuen Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Longevity Risk ◽  
Financial Industry ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Mathematical Life ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

Longevity risk is a major concern for governments around the world as they have to address social benefits, whether in the form of pensions, healthcare, or caring for dependents and providing long-term care, and so forth, which directly impact countries’ budgets. This paper uses a single entropy index to measure this type of risk. This methodology is clearly different from the one traditionally used in the literature, which is nearly entirely based on measuring the evolution of mathematical life expectancy. The authors used the longest-living populations in the world, Japan and Spain, to create a database in order to analyse the virtue of the indicator. The aim was to establish whether the longevity of those populations is accelerating or decelerating, compared by sex, and whether that occurs at the same intensity at different stages of a person’s life in each case. If the indicator showed differences in intensity, it would be a benchmark for the insurance and financial industry, providing it with information to market different products.

scholarly journals Psychometric validation of the Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales among elderly residents in long-term care facilities with joint contractures

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-chang Chen ◽  
Keh-chung Lin ◽  
Chen-Jung Chen ◽  
Shu-Hui Yeh ◽  
Ay-Woan Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Chinese Version ◽  
World Health ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Joint Contractures ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background Joint contractures, which affect activity, participation, and quality of life, are common complications of neurological conditions among elderly residents in long-term care facilities. This study examined the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales in a population with joint contractures. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used. The sample included elderly residents older than 64 years with joint contractures in an important joint who had lived at one of 12 long-term care facilities in Taiwan for more than 6 months (N = 243). The Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales for joint contractures was generated from the English version through five stages: translation, review, back-translation, review by a panel of specialists, and a pretest. Test-retest reliability, internal consistency reliability, construct validity, and criterion validity were evaluated, and the results were compared with those for the World Health Organization Quality of Life scale and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule. Results The Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales had excellent reliability, with a Cronbach α coefficient of 0.975 (mean score, 28.98; standard deviation, 17.34). An exploratory factor analysis showed three factors and one factor with an eigenvalue > 1 that explained 75.176 and 62.83 % of the total variance in the Activity subscale and Participation subscale, respectively. The subscale-to-total scale correlation analysis showed Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.881 for the Activity subscale and 0.843 for the Participation subscale. Pearson’s product-moment correlation revealed that the correlation coefficient (r) between the Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule was 0.770, whereas that for the World Health Organization Quality of Life scale was − 0.553; these values were interpreted as large coefficients. Conclusions The underlying theoretical model of the Chinese version of the PaArticular Scales functions well in Taiwan and has acceptable levels of reliability and validity. However, the Chinese version must be further tested for applicability and generalizability in future studies, preferably with a larger sample and in different clinical domains.

scholarly journals Trends in Life Expectancy With Care Needs Based on Long-term Care Insurance Data in Japan

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rumi Seko ◽  
Shuji Hashimoto ◽  
Miyuki Kawado ◽  
Yoshitaka Murakami ◽  
Masayuki Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Long Term Care Insurance ◽  
Insurance Data

scholarly journals Reliance on long-term care as a “new” social risk in national and EU law

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 87-101
Author(s):  
Grega Strban ◽  
Sara Bagari
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
Term Care ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
The Eu

There have always been people who cannot take care of their daily needs and are reliant on care. However, due to higher life expectancy and low birth rates, changes in lifestyle and increased mobility, reliance on long-term care is becoming a general risk in life. Therefore, it must be provided with social protection. In this respect, the criteria for shaping the (new) social risk of reliance on long-term care are also fulfilled. Although different benefits are already provided within different parts of the social security system, the paper discusses that the best option is to define reliance on long-term care as an independent social risk. Furthermore, we must ensure that providing long-term care will not turn out to be a double social risk. The issue has to be addressed at the national and at the EU level.

scholarly journals A Reverse Mortgage as an Opportunity to Cover the Costs of Long‑term Care – Solutions in the European Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (347) ◽  
pp. 91-107
Author(s):  
Anna Warchlewska ◽  
Rafał Iwański
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Reverse Mortgage ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Public Market ◽  
The World ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
New Challenges

The progressive aging of the population forces the world to face new challenges, especially in the financial sector. The paper strives to present possible forms of coverage of long‑term care in the private and public market. A reverse mortgage and perpetuity are a point of consideration for the world of science and practice but they are also associated with a great deal of controversy. According to the authors of this paper, the theme requires cognitive exploration. The aim of the study is to diagnose the current situation of financial markets in selected European countries related to a reverse mortgage and perpetuity. Assuming that the sources of funding the current needs of elderly people available on the financial market are voluntary ones, it is necessary to present a forecast covering the costs of long‑term care from public funds.

scholarly journals The effect of lengthening Life Expectancy on future pension and Long-Term Care expenditure in England, 2007 to 2032

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliette Malley ◽  
Ruth Hancock ◽  
Mike Murphy ◽  
John Adams ◽  
Raphael Wittenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Term Care

Caring for Elder Parents: A Comparative Evaluation of Family Leave Laws

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 501-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Tony Yang ◽  
Gilbert Gimm
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Medical Leave ◽  
Demographic Shifts ◽  
Depression Era

The call for family and medical leave reform in the United States was largely the result of sweeping demographic shifts that occurred in the workforce after the 1950s, coupled with an ever-increasing life expectancy and changing social norms concerning the role of women as caretakers. By the early 1990s, the number of women in the workforce had nearly tripled from 1950. During that same period, life expectancy increased by six years for males and seven for females. Meanwhile, the first wave of the Depression-era generation began to reach the age of retirement. In short, the parents of American workers were living longer and retiring in greater numbers while more women, who were more likely to be informal caregivers, decided to join the workforce. As a result, many families with ill or elder parents began to turn to institutional long-term care.

Giving Long-term Care Residents a Passport to the World With the Internet

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Parker Oliver ◽  
Elaine Wittenberg-Lyles ◽  
George Demiris ◽  
David Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Term Care ◽  
The World

scholarly journals Several Effective Measures for Minus Excess Mortality of COVID-19 in Japan Including Mutual Interrelationships and Long-Term Care Facilities (LTCF)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-194
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Bando
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Excess Death ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Characteristic Points ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

The impact of COVID-19 can be shown by life expectancy, excess death and total years of life lost (YLL). United States showed life expectancy minus 1.67 years, excess deaths 375,235 and total YLL 7,362,555. The excess death of Japan has remained minus value for long, in which long-term care facilities (LTCF) may contribute. LTCF has characteristic points as i) mutual interrelationships between hospitals, medical societies and prefectural offices, ii) rapid communication channels for regulatory official authorities, iii) high degree of citizenship and cooperation of all Japanese people for daily life and iv) mild lockdown without any punishment with declaration.

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