scholarly journals A Generalization of the Hausdorff Dimension Theorem for Deterministic Fractals

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 1546
Author(s):  
Mohsen Soltanifar

How many fractals exist in nature or the virtual world? In this paper, we partially answer the second question using Mandelbrot’s fundamental definition of fractals and their quantities of the Hausdorff dimension and Lebesgue measure. We prove the existence of aleph-two of virtual fractals with a Hausdorff dimension of a bi-variate function of them and the given Lebesgue measure. The question remains unanswered for other fractal dimensions.

Author(s):  
Dafang Zhao ◽  
Muhammad Aamir Ali ◽  
Artion Kashuri ◽  
Hüseyin Budak ◽  
Mehmet Zeki Sarikaya

Abstract In this paper, we present a new definition of interval-valued convex functions depending on the given function which is called “interval-valued approximately h-convex functions”. We establish some inequalities of Hermite–Hadamard type for a newly defined class of functions by using generalized fractional integrals. Our new inequalities are the extensions of previously obtained results like (D.F. Zhao et al. in J. Inequal. Appl. 2018(1):302, 2018 and H. Budak et al. in Proc. Am. Math. Soc., 2019). We also discussed some special cases from our main results.


Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 3208-3237
Author(s):  
Roberta Varriale ◽  
Laura Genovese

Recent research about the theoretical approach to elements of cultural heritage that can be included in the newly born class Underground Built Heritage (UBH), has provided several instruments for the functional classification and the static and dynamic analysis of all artefacts coherent with the given definition, while introducing several criteria for their reuse and the evaluation of connected enhancement processes as well. These guidelines can be adopted to analyze single artefacts, groups of homogenous or heterogeneous elements, and also selected territorial assets or national systems, even at a comparative level. With reference to this potential, research results from the application of this new methodological approach to the outputs of three ongoing projects by the National Research Council of Italy, all focusing on UBH, in three countries: China, Japan and Italy, are presented. With reference to the above-mentioned geographical contests, the research introduces a comparative study focusing on selected examples of artefacts that have been historically built underground to manage three functions: living space, religion and economy. This study, carried out based on data collected during onsite visits by the authors, consists in three steps: selection and analysis of case studies, definition of level of reuses on the basis of a given scale, and analysis of the different tools adopted for their conservation and enhancement. In the conclusions, possible future implementations of reuses of the analyzed elements are pointed out.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (5) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Elena Rozhkova

The purpose of this work is the assessment and forecasting of freight car technical state at life stages. The scientific novelty consists in the definition of car operating run-up to the first failure and between failures, and also in the definition of car life to considerable repair fulfillment from the operating run between failures and development of a graphical model of freight car reliability. As a result of the statistic modeling of gondola car operating runs up to the first failure it is defined that the given random value conforms to a normal distribution law, the first car setoff in TOR due to wear failure takes place at the operating run of 85,000 km. Besides the operating run-up to the first failure there was defined an operating run-up between failures. It is proved that the operating run-up between failures conforms to the exponential law of distribution, the mathematical expectation of which is 13,000 km. The results of investigations mentioned above formed the basis of the graphical model of car reliability. An inter-repair service life of a car can be represented as a sum of the following operating run-ups: operating run-ups to the first failure, the product of operating run-ups between failures and the number of failures and a residual operating run-up (from the utmost current repair to the nearest scheduled repair). On the basis of the mentioned it is expedient to consider a technology for the realization of an enlarged repair with the purpose of the repetition exclusion in car setoffs during the inter-repair term. On the basis of the simulator there is obtained the dependence of the frequency of car enlarged current repair fulfillment depending on average operating run-up between failures. At present an enlarged current repair must be carried out only for gondola cars in the planned order after having reached 80,000 km. The repair mentioned can be carried out both under depot conditions, and under conditions of repair workshops. The advantage of such a system of repair consists in the increase car work reliability during the inter-repair term.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-78
Author(s):  
Olena Kotykova ◽  
Mykola Babych

An effective implementation of the sustainable use of agricultural land program is impossible without reliable results of the current state of the problem. In this sense, the correct selection of indicators and methods for determining the level of stability is important. The authors proposes the definition of the agricultural land use sustainability integral indicator based on three methodological approaches: the construction of the indicators system, each of them reflects some aspects of the land use sustainability at the macro level (according to the specific issues); the construction of the integral indicator for comparing the countries’ land use sustainability. According to the given methods it has been proved that agricultural land use in the countries of the post-socialist camp has a positive dynamics, but the sustainability indicators for all indicators have not achieved yet. This study was supported in part by the Erasmus SUPPA program – Jean Monnet Associations Application No 611556-EPP-1-2019-1-UA-EPPJMO-SUPPA.


Author(s):  
Marek Záboj

The main objective of the contribution is proposal of the model of co-operative trade alliance for independent trade alliances with fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) in Czech Republic. Reason of the choice of this topic is sustain of variety of retail formats in Czech market in connection with position small and medium sized trade firms in comparison with transnational trade chains. Independent trade firms face to much bigger competitors operating supermarkets and hypermarkets, namely not even in size of sales area, width and depth of the assortment but also in possibility of negotiation of more profitable trade conditions with their suppliers. Effort of these independent trade firms, which operate mostly just in local or maximally regional market, is then mutual co-operation in form of consumer co-operatives, associations, alliances and networks. These groupings then mainly through common trade negotiation and purchase get for much more advantageous delivery and payment conditions from their suppliers. Besides they can participate in mutual financing of using of promotion instruments. Partial aim of the paper is investigation of opinion and willingness of Czech trade alliances with FMCG to utilize the opportunity of mutual co-operation in common trade alliance. Next partial goal is identification of the factors affecting formation of joint co-operative grouping and its structure, eventually definition of entry conditions which should be fulfilled by individual members.The system approach will be used to realize the given objective. This approach appears as the most suitable in consideration of anticipated structure and character of supposed model. The result will be then proposal of model of mutual co-operation between individual trade alliances.


2019 ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
Anna M. Yakovleva ◽  
◽  
Alexey V. Volobuev ◽  

. The review deals with the problem of Orthodox fundamentalism in the discussion of Englishspeaking authors of different denominations, representatives of canonical and non-canonical Orthodox churches, which took place in theological discussions, in journalism and at scientific conferences mainly in recent years. The main materials are first introduced into the scientific circulation in Russian. The concepts of fundamentalism in Orthodoxy in the foreign press are presented; the definitions of Orthodox fundamentalism, the main theses of opponents and their argumentation are given. Frequently, the word “fundamentalism” in relation to Orthodoxy is used as a banal nickname for those opponents who have traditional or conservative beliefs, are prone to “ritualism”, shows intolerance and lack of readiness for dialogue, including ecumenical. However, since the beginning of the 21st century, theologians, priests and scholars have been trying to give a stricter definition of such fundamentalism as a phenomenon of the modern era, especially in its demise. It is primarily about the attitude to the works of the holy fathers of the Church. It is expressed, in particular, the opinion that the veneration of patristic writings, along with the resolutions of the Councils (which constitutes the Holy Tradition) should be revised. However, the concept of “Orthodox fundamentalism”, as follows from the given review, has not yet been formed. But one can speak of such signs of it, connected, in particular, with a wide exit to the public sphere of mass consciousness, as the striving to minimize theological provisions, absolutization of some provisions of dogma to the detriment of others, and the logos (modern) reading of the myth.


2019 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 503-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Niskanen ◽  
Johannes Wallner ◽  
Matti Järvisalo

Argumentation is today a topical area of artificial intelligence (AI) research. Abstract argumentation, with argumentation frameworks (AFs) as the underlying knowledge representation formalism, is a central viewpoint to argumentation in AI. Indeed, from the perspective of AI and computer science, understanding computational and representational aspects of AFs is key in the study of argumentation. Realizability of AFs has been recently proposed as a central notion for analyzing the expressive power of AFs under different semantics. In this work, we propose and study the AF synthesis problem as a natural extension of realizability, addressing some of the shortcomings arising from the relatively stringent definition of realizability. In particular, realizability gives means of establishing exact conditions on when a given collection of subsets of arguments has an AF with exactly the given collection as its set of extensions under a specific argumentation semantics. However, in various settings within the study of dynamics of argumentation---including revision and aggregation of AFs---non-realizability can naturally occur. To accommodate such settings, our notion of AF synthesis seeks to construct, or synthesize, AFs that are semantically closest to the knowledge at hand even when no AFs exactly representing the knowledge exist. Going beyond defining the AF synthesis problem, we study both theoretical and practical aspects of the problem. In particular, we (i) prove NP-completeness of AF synthesis under several semantics, (ii) study basic properties of the problem in relation to realizability, (iii) develop algorithmic solutions to NP-hard AF synthesis using the constraint optimization paradigms of maximum satisfiability and answer set programming, (iv) empirically evaluate our algorithms on different forms of AF synthesis instances, as well as (v) discuss variants and generalizations of AF synthesis.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Maira Mukhtarovna Pernekulova ◽  
Ayazhan Sagikyzy ◽  
Zhamal Bazilovna Ashirbekova ◽  
Dinara Mukhtarovna Zhanabayeva ◽  
Gaukhar Abdikarimovna Abdurazakova

Currently there are many attempts to determine virtual reality which is created by digital technologies. The present article discusses this phenomenon in the creative act. This approach gives an opportunity for the full consideration of virtual reality because the category of reality includes not only digital technologies but subjective perceptions which creates problems in its definition. According to our understanding virtual reality is determined by the relation with the person’s virtual world and digital code. The person’s creative potential is defined, in its turn, as the person’s virtual. In the creative act between virtual reality and creative potential besides homogeneous connection there is an ontological connection and then virtual reality is a medium and a tool for the person’s creative potential realization. In this case the creative act is an actualization of images or symbols, by changing the intensities of the virtual image which results in the transition of the creative potential into otherness- the virtual reality of the code. As the tool of creative reality virtual reality plays the role of the digital technology which alienates the person’s time and space.   Received: 19 November 2020 / Accepted: 4 February 2021 / Published: 5 March 2021


Fractals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850005
Author(s):  
WEI-BIN LIU ◽  
CHENG HUANG ◽  
MEI-HUA LI ◽  
SHUAILING WANG

For beta-transformations, we prove that the Lebesgue measure of any measurable scrambled set is zero, and there exists a scrambled set with full Hausdorff dimension.


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