scholarly journals A Longitudinal Study of the Bladder Cancer Applying a State-Space Model with Non-Exponential Staying Time in States

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 363
Author(s):  
Delia Montoro-Cazorla ◽  
Rafael Pérez-Ocón ◽  
Alicia Pereira das Neves-Yedig

A longitudinal study for 847 bladder cancer patients for a period of fifteen years is presented. After the first surgery, the patients undergo successive ones (recurrences). A state-model is selected for analyzing the evolution of the cancer, based on the distribution of the times between recurrences. These times do not follow exponential distributions, and are approximated by phase-type distributions. Under these conditions, a multidimensional Markov process governs the evolution of the disease. The survival probability and mean times in the different states (levels) of the disease are calculated empirically and also by applying the Markov model, the comparison of the results indicate that the model is well-fitted to the data to an acceptable significance level of 0.05. Two sub-cohorts are well-differenced: those reaching progression (the bladder is removed) and those that do not. These two cases are separately studied and performance measures calculated, and the comparison reveals details about the characteristics of the patients in these groups.

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 355
Author(s):  
Nuning Nurna Dewi

<p>Sekolah sebagai lembaga pendidikan yang merupakan salah satu piranti dalam menyiapkan Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) yang unggul memiliki komponen-komponen yang saling terkait satu sama lain. Komponen-komponen tersebut adalah siswa, kurikulum, bahan pelajaran, guru, kepala sekolah, tenaga kependidikan lainnya, lingkungan, sarana fasilitas, proses belajar mengajar dan hasil atau output. Semua komponen itu harus berkembang sesuai tuntutan zaman dan perubahan lingkungan yang terjadi di sekitarnya. Dalam proses perubahan tersebut individu organisasi dan lembaga harus meningkatkan kemampuan dan performancenya sehubungan dengan tujuan, sumber-sumber, dan lingkungannya. Perubahan tidak akan berjalan tanpa dukungan dari sumber daya manusia yang merupakan aset yang dapat memberikan konstribusi lebih dalam pencapain tujuan organisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kajian tentang pengaruh kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan disiplin guru terhadap komitmen pencapaian kinerja guru di UPT Pendidikan SMP Negeri Sapeken. Pengambilan sampel hanya 45 orang maka semua populasi akan diambil sebagai sampel. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan sebagai berikut: 1. Hipotesis pertama yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini terbukti benar, bahwa kinerja guru dan karyawan SMPN 1 Sapeken secara bersama-sama dipengaruhi oleh eksistensi, keterkaitan, pertumbuhan, pengetahuan, intensif dan sikap, pada tingkat signifikansi kurang dari 5% dengan F rasio sebesar 29,107 serta nilai koefisien determinasi (R<sup>2</sup>)  sebesar  0,7507. 2. Hipotesis kedua yang diajukan  dalam penelitian ini, yaitu pengetahuan mempengaruhi kinerja karyawan SMPN 1 Sapeken secara dominan, dengan taraf signifikansi kurang dari 5% dengan nilai t sebesar 4,903 serta nilai koefisien determinasi parsialnya (r<sup>2</sup>) sebesar 6776.</p><p>School as an educational institution which is one of the tools in preparing superior Human Resources (HR) has components that are interrelated with one another. These components are students, curriculum, learning materials, teachers, principals, other education personnel, environment, facilities, teaching and learning processes and the results or outputs. All these components must develop according to the demands of the times and the changes in the environment that occur around them. In the process of change, individual organizations and institutions must improve their abilities and performance with respect to their goals, resources, and environment. Change will not take place without the support of human resources, which are assets that can contribute more to achieving organizational goals. This study aims to conduct a study on the influence of principal leadership and teacher discipline on commitment to achievement of teacher performance at the Sapeken State Junior High School Education Unit. Taking a sample of only 45 people, all population will be taken as a sample. Based on the results of the research that has been done, the following conclusions can be drawn: 1. The first hypothesis proposed in this study is proven correct, that the performance of teachers and employees of SMPN 1 Sapeken is jointly influenced by the existence, relationship, growth, knowledge, intensity and attitude, at a significance level of less than 5% with an F ratio of 29.107 and the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.7507. 2. The second hypothesis proposed in this study, namely knowledge dominantly affects the performance of SMPN 1 Sapeken employees, with a significance level of less than 5% with a t value of 4.903 and a partial determination coefficient value (r2) of 6776.</p>


Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1791
Author(s):  
Chi Cuong Vu ◽  
Thanh Tai Nguyen ◽  
Sangun Kim ◽  
Jooyong Kim

Health monitoring sensors that are attached to clothing are a new trend of the times, especially stretchable sensors for human motion measurements or biological markers. However, price, durability, and performance always are major problems to be addressed and three-dimensional (3D) printing combined with conductive flexible materials (thermoplastic polyurethane) can be an optimal solution. Herein, we evaluate the effects of 3D printing-line directions (45°, 90°, 180°) on the sensor performances. Using fused filament fabrication (FDM) technology, the sensors are created with different print styles for specific purposes. We also discuss some main issues of the stretch sensors from Carbon Nanotube/Thermoplastic Polyurethane (CNT/TPU) and FDM. Our sensor achieves outstanding stability (10,000 cycles) and reliability, which are verified through repeated measurements. Its capability is demonstrated in a real application when detecting finger motion by a sensor-integrated into gloves. This paper is expected to bring contribution to the development of flexible conductive materials—based on 3D printing.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek Souaid ◽  
Joya-Rita Hindy ◽  
Ernest Diab ◽  
Hampig Raphael Kourie

Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common cancer involving the urinary system and the ninth most common cancer worldwide. Tobacco smoking is the most important environmental risk factor of BC. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms have been validated by genome-wide association studies as genetic risk factors for BC. However, the identification of DNA mismatch-repair genes, including MSH2 in Lynch syndrome and MUTYH in MUTYH-associated polyposis, raises the possibility of monogenic hereditary forms of BC. Moreover, other genetic mutations may play a key role in familial and hereditary transmissions of BC. Therefore, the aim of this review is to focus on the major hereditary syndromes involved in the development of BC and to report BC genetic susceptibilities established with genome-wide significance level.


Author(s):  
Siti Alfiah ◽  
Rini Susanti

The success development in the health fields is concentrated at the attempts to reduce the mortality rate of infants and toddlers at the same time. The purpose of this research is to analyze whether there is a correlation between knowledge and performance of the health care workers to the number of the babies, specifically the ones under five years old, to visit the posyandu as an integral part of the Lubuk Baja Health Centre in Batam.This study is a descriptive analytic research with 56 respondentsthat covers all health care workers in the service area ofLubuk Baja Health Care. The data is analyzed using Chi Square statistical test at significance level of 95%. The result reveals that based on the respondents’ characteristic, it was obtained 56 respondents have good knowledge level and able to apply their knowledge to posyanduactivities. Besides, it is also noted that 44 respondents have well performance. On the other hand, the researchersdiscover 28 toddlers getgood treatment meanwhile 28 of them are not treated very well. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is no significant correlation between knowledge levels and performance of the health care workers to the number of theunder-five years children to visits the posyanduwhich indicated by  each of p> 0.05 for knowledge and performance. In general, knowledge and good performance of posyandu cadres and society surroundingsaretwo very important aspects to improvethe number of the children to attend the posyandu. As the suggestion, it is expected that theposyandu cadres and society to be more concerned about the presence of posyandufor benefit of the newborns as well as the enhancement of the health sciences for life.


2007 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1640-1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert W. Marsh ◽  
Erin Gerlach ◽  
Ulrich Trautwein ◽  
Oliver Lüdtke ◽  
Wolf-Dietrich Brettschneider

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