scholarly journals Nonlinear Observability Algorithms with Known and Unknown Inputs: Analysis and Implementation

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1876
Author(s):  
Nerea Martínez ◽  
Alejandro F. Villaverde
Keyword(s):  
Computational Cost ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
Matlab Toolbox ◽  
Unknown Inputs ◽  
Unknown Disturbances ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Symbolic Algorithms ◽  
Nonlinear Observability

The observability of a dynamical system is affected by the presence of external inputs, either known (such as control actions) or unknown (disturbances). Inputs of unknown magnitude are especially detrimental for observability, and they also complicate its analysis. Hence, the availability of computational tools capable of analysing the observability of nonlinear systems with unknown inputs has been limited until lately. Two symbolic algorithms based on differential geometry, ORC-DF and FISPO, have been recently proposed for this task, but their critical analysis and comparison is still lacking. Here we perform an analytical comparison of both algorithms and evaluate their performance on a set of problems, while discussing their strengths and limitations. Additionally, we use these analyses to provide insights about certain aspects of the relationship between inputs and observability. We found that, while ORC-DF and FISPO follow a similar approach, they differ in key aspects that can have a substantial influence on their applicability and computational cost. The FISPO algorithm is more generally applicable, since it can analyse any nonlinear ODE model. The ORC-DF algorithm analyses models that are affine in the inputs, and if those models have known inputs it is sometimes more efficient. Thus, the optimal choice of a method depends on the characteristics of the problem under consideration. To facilitate the use of both algorithms, we implemented the ORC-DF condition in a new version of STRIKE-GOLDD, a MATLAB toolbox for structural identifiability and observability analysis. Since this software tool already had an implementation of the FISPO algorithm, the new release allows modellers and model users the convenience of choosing between different algorithms in a single tool, without changing the coding of their model.

Adolescent Language: Models, Assessment, and Links to Reading

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Goodwin ◽  
Yaacov Petscher ◽  
Jamie Tock
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Bifactor Model ◽  
Language Models ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Global Factor ◽  
Eighth Grade Students ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Best Fit

Various models have highlighted the complexity of language. Building on foundational ideas regarding three key aspects of language, our study contributes to the literature by 1) exploring broader conceptions of morphology, vocabulary, and syntax, 2) operationalizing this theoretical model into a gamified, standardized, computer-adaptive assessment of language for fifth to eighth grade students entitled Monster, PI, and 3) uncovering further evidence regarding the relationship between language and standardized reading comprehension via this assessment. Multiple-group item response theory (IRT) across grades show that morphology was best fit by a bifactor model of task specific factors along with a global factor related to each skill. Vocabulary was best fit by a bifactor model that identifies performance overall and on specific words. Syntax, though, was best fit by a unidimensional model. Next, Monster, PI produced reliable scores suggesting language can be assessed efficiently and precisely for students via this model. Lastly, performance on Monster, PI explained more than 50% of variance in standardized reading, suggesting operationalizing language via Monster, PI can provide meaningful understandings of the relationship between language and reading comprehension. Specifically, considering just a subset of a construct, like identification of units of meaning, explained significantly less variance in reading comprehension. This highlights the importance of considering these broader constructs. Implications indicate that future work should consider a model of language where component areas are considered broadly and contributions to reading comprehension are explored via general performance on components as well as skill level performance.

Cardiac interoception in neurological conditions and its relevance for dimensional approaches

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Yoris ◽  
Adolfo M. García ◽  
Paula Celeste Salamone ◽  
Lucas Sedeño ◽  
Indira García-Cordero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
General Source ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Conditions

Dimensional and transdiagnostic approaches have revealed multiple cognitive/emotional alterations shared by several neuropsychiatric conditions. While this has been shown for externally triggered neurocognitive processes, the disruption of interoception across neurological disorders remains poorly understood. This chapter aims to fill this gap while proposing cardiac interoception as a potential common biomarker across disorders. It focuses on key aspects of interoception, such as the mechanisms underlying different interoceptive dimensions; the relationship among interoception, emotion, and social cognition; and the roles of different interoceptive pathways. It considers behavioral and brain evidence in the context of an experimental and clinical agenda to evaluate the potential role of interoception as a predictor of clinical outcomes, a marker of neurocognitive deficits across diseases, and a general source of insights for breakthroughs in the treatment and prevention of multiple disorders. Finally, future directions to improve the dimensional and transdiagnostic assessment of interoception are outlined.

scholarly journals Supply and Demand

2006 ◽  
Vol 128 (02) ◽  
pp. 25-26
Author(s):  
Eugene Kania
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Management Process ◽  
Successful Completion ◽  
Organizational Participation ◽  
Engineering Managers ◽  
Communication Processes ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
A Company

This article discusses key aspects of resource management for the successful completion of a project. The article highlights that decision-making is the difficult, but necessary, last step to arrive at a portfolio of projects that do not overload resources and clog the engineering pipeline. The four-step resource management process that a company has implemented helps management visualize and understand the effects of their project decisions. It also helps engineering managers identify resource shortages. The key to implementing this system is to build solid communication processes, get key organizational participation, and have the discipline to keep at it every month. The article also suggests that if a company is to use a software tool to facilitate and enable the process, keep it as simple and effective as the process itself.

scholarly journals Modeling of texture of the surface of collector plates

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (122) ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Serhiiovych Hryshyn ◽  
Serhii Oleksiiovych Abramov
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Statistical Simulation ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Air Jet ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
The Relationship

Technological possibilities of jet processing cause increased attention to the study of the regularities of the process. The main interest for practice is the establishment of the kind of dependencies between technological parameters (abrasive particles size, particle speed, concentration, compressed air pressure, attack angle, physical and mechanical properties of particles and surface to be treated) and initial process parameters (roughness of the treated surface, removal rates of the metal and libel). That, in turn, determines the necessity of optimal choice of the values of technological parameters in the conditions of a concrete production situation. The basic regularities can be established as a result of regression analysis of experimental data. However, the use of the resulting laws is limited to the complexity of the process and relatively narrow areas of changing the parameters of the experiment.The purpose of the work is to determine the factors that determine the formation of a microrelief in the area of the abrasive air jet, the relationship between them and the degree of their effect on the intensity of the formation of a microrelief; formation of a model of finishing treatment of collector plates, creation of theoretical bases and methodology of designing high-efficient resource-saving technological processes of production of motor collectors of electric machines.Analysis of recent research and publications. The following contributions were made to the development of the theory of modeling of the inkjet-abrasive surface treatment: Volovetsky O.E., Denysyuk V.Yu., Kharchik M.M., Buts BP, Andilahi A.A., Novikov FV, Gordeyev AI, Urbanyuk Ye.A., Silin R.S. and other.The most universal approach based on determining the search dependencies and solving the problem of optimizing the technological parameters of the processing process as a result of statistical simulation, namely the ability to control the input parameters before the start of the model or in the process of work - one of the key benefits of using simulation modeling for the analysis of systems and processes. This allows you to determine the optimal parameters, which maximize the efficiency of the processes, determine the relationship between the input and output parameters.The paper considers: creation of theoretical bases and methodology of designing high-efficiency resource-saving technological processes of production of motor collectors of electric machines; the process of formation of microrelief of collector plates in the area of the abrasive air jet, the relationship between the factors and the degree of their influence on the intensity of formation. The formation of a model of finishing treatment of collector plates treated with silicon carbide (black) was determined.Prospects for further research are the improvement of the technological process of obtaining collector nodes on the possibilities of implementation.

scholarly journals SEGURIDAD Y JUSTICIA BAJO ACOSO EN TIEMPOS DE VIOLENCIA NEOLIBERAL: las respuestas de la policía comunitaria de guerrero

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Sierra
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
The State ◽  
Community Police ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
The Right ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

La policía comunitaria es una institución de los pueblos indígenas de Guerrero conocida por su capacidad para enfrentar a la delincuencia y generar alternativas de paz social., através de un sistema de justicia y seguridad autónomo. En los últimos años, sin embargo, el sistema comunitario enfrenta el acoso de actores diversos vinculados al incremento de la violencia y la inseguridad que se vive en el país y especialmente en el estado de Guerrero; dicha situación está impactando a la institucionalidad comunitaria, obligando a su redefinición. En este trabajo destaco aspectos centrales de dicha conflictividad así como las respuestas que han dado los comunitarios para hacer frente a las tareas de justicia y seguridad en el marco de nuevos contextos marcados por el despojo neoliberal y la impunidad de actores estatales y no estatales. En este proceso se actualiza la relación de la policía comunitaria con el Estado revelando el peso de la ambigüedad legal y los juegos del poder así como los usos contra-hegemónicos del derecho para disputar la justicia. ---SEGURANÇA E JUSTIÇA SOB ACOSSO EM TEMPOS DE VIOLÊNCIA NEOLIBERAL: respostas do policiamento comunitário de GuerreroO policiamento comunitário é uma instituição dos Povos Indígenas do Guerrero conhecidos por sua capacidade de lidar com o crime e gerar paz social de forma alternativa, usando um sistema próprio de justiça e segurança. Nos últimos anos, no entanto, o sistema da UE enfrenta assédio de várias autoridades envolvidas no aumento da violência e da insegurança que reina no país e, especialmente, no estado de Guerrero; essa situação está afetando as instituições comunitárias, forçando a sua redefinição. Neste artigo, destaco os principais aspectos do conflito e as respostas que têm a comunidade para lidar com as tarefas da justiça e da segurança no contexto dos novos contextos marcados por pilhagem neoliberal e a impunidade de atores estatais e não estatais. Neste processo, a relação de policiamento comunitário com o estado é atualizada, revelando o peso da ambiguidade e dos jogos de poder legais, além de usos contra-hegemônicos do direito de disputar a justiça.Palavras-chave: violência neoliberal; Guerrero; comunidades indígenas---SECURITY AND JUSTICE UNDER HARASSMENT IN TIMES OF NEOLIBERAL VIOLENCE: responses of the Community Police of GuerreroThe community police is an institution of the Indigenous Peoples of Guerrero known for its ability to deal with crime and generate alternatives for social peace, using a system of justice and self security. In recent years, however, the EU system faces harassment from various people responsible for the increase of violence and insecurity within the country and especially in the state in Guerrero; this situation is impacting instituitions in the community, forcing their redefinition. In this paper I highlight key aspects of the conflict and the community's responses to deal with the tasks of justice and security in new contexts marked by neoliberal plunder and impunity of the state (as well as non state figures). In this process, the relationship of the community police with the state is updated revealing the weight of legal ambiguity and power plays, as well as counter-hegemonic use of the right to dispute justice.key words: neoliberal vilence; Guerrero; indigenous people.

scholarly journals A Resource-based Paradigm of Entrepreneurship: The Optimal Organization of Entrepreneurs as Resource

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Brian Barnard ◽  
Derrick Herbst
Keyword(s):  
Opportunity Recognition ◽  
Support Networks ◽  
Risk Minimization ◽  
Collaborative Groups ◽  
Optimal Organization ◽  
Small Organizations ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Sphere Of Influence ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Relationship

The study examines entrepreneurs as resource, with emphasis on the entrepreneur as professional. It concludes that entrepreneurs are reliable – they are able to repeatedly innovate and venture; universal – they are not necessarily bound by industry; and experts and professionals that specialize in an area of expertise. The factors that contribute to their reliability, universality, and expertise are noted. In addition, the necessary qualifications of an entrepreneur, their development, and the factors that impact their efficiency were also investigated. It is found that entrepreneurs develop with time. By considering what motivates them, and their area of speciality, the extent by which entrepreneurs can be managed, and their authority and sphere of influence are examined.The possible ways of organizing entrepreneurs were considered, contrasting between the objectives of the entrepreneur and that of his organization. In this regard, the key aspects were: i) funding, ii) resources, iii) risk and reward sharing, and iv) opportunity recognition and development.The results raise investment culture, together with policies towards failure. The resources important for entrepreneurship are listed, as well as the factors relevant to venture success, and how this influences the organization of entrepreneurs. The benefits and also the hinderances of institutions, collaborative groups and entrepreneurs as individuals were considered. The informal and humanistic nature of networks surfaced, together with their competing method of opportunity appraisal, with more emphasis on the entrepreneur and other humanistic factors. Large organizations enabling entrepreneurship in small organizations (corporate venturing) surfaced as one of the optimal ways to organize entrepreneurs. Furthermore, given their characteristics, entrepreneurs can be readily exploited as economical and societal resource, with perhaps less cost than believed. It is found that the relationship between entrepreneurial throughput and risk and reward may be overlooked, lacking substance, and subject to stereotypical thinking. Entrepreneurial reward ignores entrepreneurial throughput, or assumes that entrepreneurial throughput is maximized through maximizing entrepreneurs' rewards. Risk minimization, particularly for the entrepreneur, is also not necessarily related to entrepreneurial throughput.The study raises a number of factors and deficiencies that impact entrepreneurial output. In view of this, a number of constructs and measures pertaining to entrepreneurship are suggested: i) entrepreneurial emergence – the method used to identify entrepreneurs, and the rate at which new entrepreneurs are identified; ii) entrepreneurial development – the growth and development of known entrepreneurs; iii) entrepreneurial longevity – the reuse and lifespan of entrepreneurs; and iv) the evaluation of entrepreneurs.The interaction between entrepreneurs and the needs of entrepreneurs also surfaced – most notably unbiased support, which they source through support networks or “entrepreneurial fraternities”. Motivation and encouragement may be as valuable advice as professional views and opinions. The study ends by raising the question whether it would indeed be possible to institutionalize entrepreneurship, mostly through legislation that require organizations to spend a percentage on entrepreneurship. A number of points support this line of thinking.

Knowledge Economy

2021 ◽  
pp. 442-457
Author(s):  
Ogochukwu Thaddaeus Emiri
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
Capital Management ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Intellectual Capital Management ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Relationship

Intellectual capital is now widely recognized as key factor in organization success and as such is of relevance to libraries. Intellectual capital management, therefore, is of great relevance to library and information professions. However, the wider ramification of the relationship between intellectual capital management (ICM), knowledge management (KM), and library and information science (LIS) is yet to be properly exploited by LIS professionals. Without doubt, there is a dynamic and multi-faceted relationship. This chapter introduces key aspects of this relationship, and in particular potential synergies, conflicts in literature, pre-requisites for ICM implementation in libraries and challenges faced by the library and information professions. In the light of this, the author concluded that LIS professionals must see KM and ICM as an integral part of librarianship. More so, in order for LIS professionals to properly implement ICM practices, there is the need to acquire new management skills, strategic and policy-making skills, and have in-depth experience in the management of information. Finally, from the author's perspective, the success of ICM and KM in library organizations would require strong leadership and vision from top administration, which will influence the organization's sharing efforts as a culture.

scholarly journals Low VWF: insights into pathogenesis, diagnosis, and clinical management

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (13) ◽  
pp. 3191-3199 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. O’Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Management ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
Von Willebrand Disease ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Willebrand Factor ◽  
Choice Of Therapy

Abstract von Willebrand disease (VWD) constitutes the most common inherited human bleeding disorder. Partial quantitative von Willebrand factor (VWF) deficiency is responsible for the majority of VWD cases. International guidelines recommend that patients with mild to moderate reductions in plasma VWF antigen (VWF:Ag) levels (typically in the range of 30-50 IU/dL) should be diagnosed with low VWF. Over the past decade, a series of large cohort studies have provided significant insights into the biological mechanisms involved in type 1 VWD (plasma VWF:Ag levels <30 IU/dL). In striking contrast, however, the pathogenesis underpinning low VWF has remained poorly understood. Consequently, low VWF patients continue to present significant clinical challenges with respect to genetic counseling, diagnosis, and management. For example, there is limited information regarding the relationship between plasma VWF:Ag levels and bleeding phenotype in subjects with low VWF. In addition, it is not clear whether patients with low VWF need treatment. For those patients with low VWF in whom treatment is deemed necessary, the optimal choice of therapy remains unknown. However, a number of recent studies have provided important novel insights into these clinical conundrums and the molecular mechanisms responsible for the reduced levels observed in low VWF patients. These emerging clinical and scientific findings are considered in this review, with particular focus on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and clinical management of low VWF.

Long-term medical cannabis use and risk factors for diversion: Report on physician's guidance and patients’ behaviour

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Sharon R. Sznitman ◽  
Victoria Goldberg ◽  
Hedva Sheinman-Yuffe ◽  
Yuval Zolotov ◽  
Ezequiel Flechter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Safety Practices ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Safe Storage ◽  
Regular Manner ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractObjectivesVarious jurisdictions have legalized cannabis for medical purposes. As with all psychoactive medications, medical cannabis carries a risk of diversion and accidental ingestion. These risks may be particularly high among long-term medical cannabis patients as safety practices may become less salient to patients once the treatment becomes part of everyday life. The current study examines whether patients who have used medical cannabis for longer periods differ from those who have used for shorter periods in terms of sociodemographic background and other key aspects of medical cannabis use. Furthermore, the study examines the relationship between length of medical cannabis treatment and risk factors related to storage and diversion. Finally, the study examines the extent to which oncologists provide information to their patients about safe storage and disposal.MethodsOne hundred twenty-one medical cannabis oncology patients were interviewed face-to-face and 55 oncologists participated in a survey about safe storage and disposal practices related to medical cannabis.ResultsLength of medical cannabis treatment was related to administration by smoking and using higher monthly dosages. In terms of risk for unsafe storage and diversion, length of medical cannabis was positively associated with using cannabis outside the home and having been asked to give away medical cannabis. Physicians did not report providing information to patients regarding safe storage and disposal practices in a regular manner.Significance of resultsResults suggest that there is an ongoing risk of unsafe storage and diversion over the course of medical cannabis treatment. Oncologists may need to give more consistent and continued training in safe storage and disposal practices, especially among long-term medical cannabis patients.

scholarly journals Physiological and anthropometric determinants of critical power, W′ and the reconstitution of W′ in trained and untrained male cyclists

2020 ◽  
Vol 120 (11) ◽  
pp. 2349-2359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Chorley ◽  
Richard P. Bott ◽  
Simon Marwood ◽  
Kevin L. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Critical Power ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Trained Group ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Pearson's Correlation ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Purpose This study examined the relationship of physiological and anthropometric characteristics with parameters of the critical power (CP) model, and in particular the reconstitution of W′ following successive bouts of maximal exercise, amongst trained and untrained cyclists. Methods Twenty male adults (trained nine; untrained 11; age 39 ± 15 year; mass 74.7 ± 8.7 kg; V̇O2max 58.0 ± 8.7 mL kg−1 min−1) completed three incremental ramps (20 W min−1) to exhaustion interspersed with 2-min recoveries. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to assess relationships for W′ reconstitution after the first recovery (W′rec1), the delta in W′ reconstituted between recoveries (∆W′rec), CP and W′. Results CP was strongly related to V̇O2max for both trained (r = 0.82) and untrained participants (r = 0.71), whereas W′ was related to V̇O2max when both groups were considered together (r = 0.54). W′rec1 was strongly related to V̇O2max for the trained (r = 0.81) but not untrained (r = 0.18); similarly, ∆W′rec was strongly related to V̇O2max (r = − 0.85) and CP (r = − 0.71) in the trained group only. Conclusions Notable physiological relationships between parameters of aerobic fitness and the measurements of W′ reconstitution were observed, which differed among groups. The amount of W′ reconstitution and the maintenance of W′ reconstitution that occurred with repeated bouts of maximal exercise were found to be related to key measures of aerobic fitness such as CP and V̇O2max. This data demonstrates that trained cyclists wishing to improve their rate of W′ reconstitution following repeated efforts should focus training on improving key aspects of aerobic fitness such as V̇O2max and CP.

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