scholarly journals A Review of Friction Performance of Lubricants with Nano Additives

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6310
Author(s):  
Muhammad Waqas ◽  
Rehan Zahid ◽  
Muhammad Usman Bhutta ◽  
Zulfiqar Ahmad Khan ◽  
Adil Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Nano Additives ◽  
Friction Performance ◽  
Nanoparticle Additives

It has been established in literature that the addition of nanoparticles to lubricants at an optimum concentration results in a lower coefficient of friction compared to lubricants with no nanoparticle additives. This review paper shows a comparison of different lubricants based on the COF (coefficient of friction) with nanoadditives. The effect of the addition of nanoparticles on the friction coefficient was analyzed for both synthetic and biolubricants separately. The limitations associated with the use of nanoparticles are explained. The mechanisms responsible for a reduction in friction when nanoparticles are used as an additive are also discussed. Various nanoparticles that have been most widely used in recent years showed good performance within lubricants, including CuO (copper oxide), MoS2 (molybdenum disulfide), and TiO2 (titanium dioxide). The paper also indicates some research gaps that need to be addressed.

scholarly journals Comparison between multi-walled carbon nanotubes and Titanium dioxide nanoparticles as additives on performance of Turbine meter oil nano lubricant

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Pourpasha ◽  
Saeed Zeinali Heris ◽  
Yaghob Mohammadfam
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Nano Lubricant ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Nano Additives ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Abstract This research work purpose to compare the impact of the mass fraction of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano additive on the tribological and thermophysical attributes of turbine meter oil. These attributes are including the average friction coefficient, pressure drop, wear, flash point, pour point, relative viscosity, kinematics viscosity, and viscosity index. Also, the pressure drops and the average friction coefficient inside the copper tube were simulated and compared with experimental results. In this study, for the synthesis of nano lubricants from turbine meter oil as a pure fluid and from MWCNTs and TiO2 as nano additives in the mass fraction of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 wt.% and from oleic acid and Triton x100 as surfactants were utilized. The diameter of MWCNTs and TiO2 nano additives were ranging from 5 nm to 16.1 nm and 7.9 nm to 13.9 nm, respectively. The average particle size of TiO2 and MWCNTs nano additives in 0.4 wt.% in the pure lubricant were 221 nm and 320 nm, respectively. The results illustrated that the wear depth of copper pins in the presence of nano lubricant with 0.4 wt.% of MWCNTs and 0.1 wt.% TiO2 was improved by 88.26% and 71.43%, respectively. Nano lubricants with 0.3 wt.% of TiO2 and 0.4 wt.% of MWCNTs nano additives illustrated the maximum improvement in the flash point temperature with enhancement 4 °C and 10 °C. By increasing of 0.3 wt.% of TiO2 and MWCNTs into the pure oil caused to improve in viscosity index with enhancement 6.68% and 2.43% compared to the pure lubricant, respectively. The simulation data and experimental data for the pressure drop were closer together and indicated a minor error that the maximum error is less than 10%.

scholarly journals Comparison between multi-walled carbon nanotubes and titanium dioxide nanoparticles as additives on performance of turbine meter oil nano lubricant

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Pourpasha ◽  
Saeed Zeinali Heris ◽  
Yaghob Mohammadfam
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Wear Depth ◽  
Nano Lubricant ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

AbstractThis research aims of compare the impact of the mass fraction of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano additive on the tribological and thermophysical attributes of turbine meter oil. These attributes include the average friction coefficient, pressure drop, wear, flash point, pour point, relative viscosity, kinematics viscosity, and viscosity index. The pressure drops and the average friction coefficient inside the copper tube were simulated and compared with experimental results. In this study, for the synthesis of nano lubricants from turbine meter oil as a pure fluid and from MWCNTs and TiO2 as nano additives in the mass fraction of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 wt.% and from oleic acid and Triton x100 as surfactants were utilized. The results illustrated that the wear depth of copper pins in the presence of nano lubricant with 0.4 wt.% of MWCNTs and 0.1 wt.% TiO2 was improved by 88.26% and 71.43%, respectively. Increasing 0.3 wt.% of TiO2 and MWCNTs into the oil caused to improvement in viscosity index. The simulation data and experimental data for the pressure drop were closer together and indicated a minor error that the maximum error is less than 10%.

scholarly journals A Review of Recent Deep Learning Approaches in Human-Centered Machine Learning

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2514
Author(s):  
Tharindu Kaluarachchi ◽  
Andrew Reis ◽  
Suranga Nanayakkara
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Learning Systems ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Application Development ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Real World Application

After Deep Learning (DL) regained popularity recently, the Artificial Intelligence (AI) or Machine Learning (ML) field is undergoing rapid growth concerning research and real-world application development. Deep Learning has generated complexities in algorithms, and researchers and users have raised concerns regarding the usability and adoptability of Deep Learning systems. These concerns, coupled with the increasing human-AI interactions, have created the emerging field that is Human-Centered Machine Learning (HCML). We present this review paper as an overview and analysis of existing work in HCML related to DL. Firstly, we collaborated with field domain experts to develop a working definition for HCML. Secondly, through a systematic literature review, we analyze and classify 162 publications that fall within HCML. Our classification is based on aspects including contribution type, application area, and focused human categories. Finally, we analyze the topology of the HCML landscape by identifying research gaps, highlighting conflicting interpretations, addressing current challenges, and presenting future HCML research opportunities.

Experimental study on the relationship between the friction coefficient and interference in locomotive axle press-fitting

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Wang ◽  
Hanfei Guo ◽  
Jianjun Qiao ◽  
Xiaoxue Liu ◽  
Zhixin Fan
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Friction Pair ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Press Fitting ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Locomotive Wheels

PurposeTo address the lack of data in this field and determine the relationship between the coefficient of friction and the interference between locomotive wheels and axles, this study evaluates the theoretical relationship between the coefficient of friction and the interference under elastic deformation.Design/methodology/approachWhen using numerical analyses to study the mechanical state of the contacting components of the wheels and axle, the interference between the axle parts and the coefficient of friction between the axle parts are two important influencing factors. Currently, as the range of the coefficient of friction between the wheel and axle in interference remains unknown, it is generally considered that the coefficient of friction is only related to the materials of the friction pair; the relationship between the interference and the coefficient of friction is often neglected.FindingsA total of 520 press-fitting experiments were conducted for 130 sets of wheels and axles of the HXD2 locomotive with 4 types of interferences, in order to obtain the relationship between the coefficient of friction between the locomotive wheel and axle and the amount of interference. These results are expected to serve as a reference for selecting the coefficient of friction when designing axle structures with the rolling stock, research on the press-fitting process and evaluations of the fatigue life.Originality/valueThe study provides a basis for the selection of friction coefficient and interference amount in the design of locomotive wheels and axles.

Hydrodynamic Model for Cold Strip Rolling

1967 ◽  
Vol 182 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Bedi ◽  
M. J. Hillier
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Entropy Production ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Hydrodynamic Model ◽  
Reynolds Equation ◽  
Viscous Friction ◽  
Strip Rolling ◽  
Roll Pressure ◽  
Cold Strip Rolling

The theory of rolling is modified to allow calculation of a hydrodynamic film thickness and viscous friction coefficient using Reynolds equation for the lubricant. Calculations are made for the case where the fluid film covers the arc of contact. The film thickness is assumed uniform and is determined by the principle of minimum rate of entropy production. It is shown that the apparent coefficient of friction varies significantly over the arc of contact. At small reductions the roll load tends to decrease with speed of rolling, while at high reductions the load tends to increase. The point of maximum roll pressure does not coincide with the neutral plane; and under certain rolling conditions there may be no maximum in the pressure over the arc of contact.

Nano-Additives Based on Titanium Dioxide and Silicon Dioxide for Self-Cleaning Concretes

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
V.V. TYUKAVKINA ◽  
E.A. SHCHELOKOVA ◽  
K.A. POZHIVINA ◽  
A.G. KASIKOV
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Nano Additives ◽  
Self Cleaning

Pharmaceutical Promotion

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-63
Author(s):  
Harindranath R. M. ◽  
Bharadhwaj Sivakumaran
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Free Drug ◽  
Knowledge Development ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
One Stop ◽  
Free Drug Samples ◽  
Research Stream ◽  
Advance Knowledge ◽  
Over Time

The literature on promotional inputs has accumulated over time but continues to be fragmented. While there is a plethora of insights and findings, these are dispersed necessitating a one-stop-shop literature review to cover the ever-increasing research stream. This chapter addresses this gap by organizing and synthesizing the findings of the literature. This review paper covers all the important promotional instruments, such as “free drug samples,” “gifts,” “CME sponsor,” “journal advertising,” and “honorarium.” The chapter develops a novel strategic contribution called “promotional inputs distribution framework,” which gives tips to practitioners regarding promotional inputs; following this framework, salespeople can optimize the promotional cost and increase sales as well. Another novel contribution is the “detailing process” that characterizes the importance of information used to effectively develop the detailing story (or presentation) to physicians. This research also identifies a wider spectrum of research gaps available in the domain to advance knowledge development.

scholarly journals Anisotropic Vibration Tactile Model and Human Factor Analysis for a Piezoelectric Tactile Feedback Device

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jichun Xing ◽  
Huajun Li ◽  
Dechun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Ciliary Body ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Sliding Friction ◽  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
Tactile Feedback ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Full Coverage ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction

Tactile feedback technology has important development prospects in interactive technology. In order to enrich the tactile sense of haptic devices under simple control, a piezoelectric haptic feedback device is proposed. The piezoelectric tactile feedback device can realize tactile changes in different excitation voltage amplitudes, different excitation frequencies, and different directions through the ciliary body structure. The principle of the anisotropic vibration of the ciliary body structure was analyzed here, and a tactile model was established. The equivalent friction coefficient under full-coverage and local-coverage of the skin of the touch beam was deduced and solved. The effect of system parameters on the friction coefficient was analyzed. The results showed that in the full-coverage, the tactile effect is mainly affected by the proportion of the same directional ciliary bodies and the excitation frequency. The larger the proportion of the same direction ciliary body is, the smaller the coefficient of friction is. The larger the excitation frequency is, the greater the coefficient of friction is. In the local-coverage, the tactile effect is mainly affected by the touch position and voltage amplitude. When changing the touch pressure, it has a certain effect on the change of touch, but it is relatively weak. The experiment on the sliding friction of a cantilever touch beam and the experiment of human factor were conducted. The experimental results of the sliding friction experiment are basically consistent with the theoretical calculations. In the human factor experiment, the effects of haptic regulation are mainly affected by voltage or structure of the ciliary bodies.

Experimental study on friction performance of damaged interface in steel-concrete composite beam connected by high-strength bolt

2020 ◽  
pp. 136943322094720
Author(s):  
Ying Xing ◽  
Ya-ning Xu ◽  
Qi Guo ◽  
Jin-feng Jiao ◽  
Qing-wei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Composite Beam ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Steel Strength ◽  
Bare Steel ◽  
Friction Performance

Although traditional steel-concrete composite beam has excellent structural characteristics, it cannot meet the requirement of quick disassembly and repair in the bridge. This article presents an experimental study on friction performance of damaged steel-concrete interface in recoverable composite beam connected by high-strength frictional bolts. A total of 21 specific split tests were carried out using different concrete strength, steel strength, and surface treatment of steel. The experimental results showed that the demountable high-strength frictional bolt used in composite beam has similar performance as in the bare steel structures. The initial friction coefficient and slip stiffness were measured to be 0.34–0.47 and 52.3–116.1 kN/mm, respectively. Friction performance of damaged interface was obtained, proving that friction coefficient and slip stiffness will not decrease after the first slip damage. It is also confirmed that shot blasted steel and concrete with higher strength were more suitable in the demountable composite beam.

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