scholarly journals Sustainability of Civil Structures through the Application of Smart Materials: A Review

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 4824
Author(s):  
Alireza Tabrizikahou ◽  
Mieczysław Kuczma ◽  
Piotr Nowotarski ◽  
Małgorzata Kwiatek ◽  
Ahad Javanmardi
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Civil Structures ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
The Relationship

Every year, structural flaws or breakdowns cause thousands of people to be harmed and cost billions of dollars owing to the limitations of design methods and materials to withstand extreme earthquakes. Since earthquakes have a significant effect on sustainability factors, there is a contradiction between these constraints and the growing need for more sustainable structures. There has been a significant attempt to circumvent these constraints by developing various techniques and materials. One of these viable possibilities is the application of smart structures and materials such as shape memory and piezoelectric materials. Many scholars have examined the use of these materials and their structural characteristics up to this point, but the relationship between sustainability considerations and the deployment of smart materials has received little attention. Therefore, through a review of previous experimental, numerical, and conceptual studies, this paper attempts to draw a more significant relationship between smart materials and structural sustainability. First, the significant impact of seismic events on structural sustainability and its major aspects are described. It is then followed by an overview of the fundamentals of smart material’s behaviour and properties. Finally, after a comprehensive review of the most recent applications of smart materials in structures, the influence of their deployment on sustainability issues is discussed. The findings of this study are intended to assist researchers in properly addressing sustainability considerations in any research and implementation of smart materials by establishing a more explicit relationship between these two concepts.

A Comprehensive Review of Smart Systems through Smart Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vasanthanathan ◽  
S. Menaga ◽  
K. Rosemi
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory Alloy ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Automotive Electronics ◽  
Fibre Optic ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Intelligent Materials ◽  
Smart Systems

Background:The vital role of smart materials in the field of aircraft, spacecraft, defence, electronics, electrical, medical and healthcare industries involve sensing and actuating for monitoring and controlling applications. The class of smart materials are also named as active materials or intelligent materials or adaptive materials. These materials act intelligently based upon the environmental conditions. Structures incorporated with smart materials are named as smart structures.Methods:The principal objective of the present paper is to explore a comprehensive review of various smart materials viz. piezoelectric materials, Shape Memory Alloy, micro sensors and fibre optic sensors. The significance of these intelligent materials in various fields are also deliberately presented in this work from the perspective of Patents and literatures test data.Results:Smart Materials possesses multifunctional capabilities. The smart materials viz. piezoelectric materials, Shape Memory Alloy, micro sensors and fibre optic sensors are embedded with structures like aircraft, spacecraft, automotive, bridges, and buildings for the purpose of exhibiting Structural Health Monitoring system. Smart materials are finding increasing applications in the present aircraft, spacecraft, automotive, electronics and healthcare industries.Conclusion:Innovative ideas would become reality by integrating the any structure with Smart Materials.

Smart materials: Properties, design and mechatronic applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 233 (4) ◽  
pp. 734-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Spaggiari ◽  
D Castagnetti ◽  
N Golinelli ◽  
E Dragoni ◽  
G Scirè Mammano
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory Alloys ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Magnetorheological Fluids ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Active Devices ◽  
Complete Survey ◽  
Basic Equations ◽  
Commercial Applications

This paper describes the properties and the engineering applications of the smart materials, especially in the mechatronics field. Even though there are several smart materials which all are very interesting from the research perspective, we decide to focus the work on just three of them. The adopted criterion privileges the most promising technologies in terms of commercial applications available on the market, namely: magnetorheological fluids, shape memory alloys and piezoelectric materials. Many semi-active devices such as dampers or brakes or clutches, based on magnetorheological fluids are commercially available; in addition, we can trace several applications of piezo actuators and shape memory-based devices, especially in the field of micro actuations. The work describes the physics behind these three materials and it gives some basic equations to dimension a system based on one of these technologies. The work helps the designer in a first feasibility study for the applications of one of these smart materials inside an industrial context. Moreover, the paper shows a complete survey of the applications of magnetorheological fluids, piezoelectric devices and shape memory alloys that have hit the market, considering industrial, biomedical, civil and automotive field.

A comprehensive review on thermomechanical constitutive models for shape memory polymers

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1243-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Yarali ◽  
Ali Taheri ◽  
Mostafa Baghani
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Constitutive Equations ◽  
Constitutive Relations ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Constitutive Models ◽  
Shape Memory Polymers ◽  
Typical Application ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Thermally Responsive

Shape memory polymers are a class of smart materials, which are capable of fixing their deformed shapes, and can return to their original shape in reaction to external stimulus such as heat. Also due to their exceptional properties, they are mostly used in four-dimensional printing applications. To model and investigate thermomechanical response of shape memory polymers mathematically, several constitutive equations have been developed over the past two decades. The purpose of this research is to provide an up-to-date review on structures, classifications, applications of shape memory polymers, and constitutive equations of thermally responsive shape memory polymers and their composites. First, a comprehensive review on the properties, structure, and classifications of shape memory polymers is conducted. Then, the proposed models in the literature are presented and discussed, which, particularly, are focused on the phase transition and thermo-viscoelastic approaches for conventional, two-way as well as multi-shape memory polymers. Then, a statistical analysis on constitutive relations of thermally activated shape memory polymers is carried out. Finally, we present a summary and give some concluding remarks, which could be helpful in selection of a suitable shape memory polymer constitutive model under a typical application.

Shape Memory Polymers: A Potential Material for Future’s Changing Shape

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinsong Leng ◽  
Yanju Liu ◽  
Shanyi Du
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Shape Memory Polymers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Good Shape ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Macroscopic Deformation

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) undergo significant macroscopic deformation upon the application of an external stimulus. As a novel and promising kind of smart materials, they have been widely researched since the 1980s. SMPs present many potential technical advantages that surpass those of shape memory alloys and shape memory ceramics such as good shape recoverability, low density, ease in processing and in tailoring of properties (e.g., transition temperature, stiffness, bio-degradability, and ease of functionally grading), programmability and controllability of recovery behavior, and most importantly, low cost. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of SMPs, encompassing a fundamental understanding of the shape memory of SMPs. The synthesis of SMPs is presented firstly. In order to realize the actuation of SMPs for a special application, the investigation of actuations in multi ways are performed, namely electroactive SMPs, light-responsive SMPs, magnetism-induced SMPs, and chemo-responsive SMPs. These novel actuation approaches play a critical role in the development of multifunctional materials that not only exhibit the shape memory effect but also perform particular functions. Based on the unique properties of such materials, primary applications are also listed, and the potential directions and applications of SMPs are proposed to be developed in future research.

scholarly journals Behaviour of Superelastic Nickel Titanium Shape Memory Alloy Material under Uniaxial Testing and its Potential in Civil Engineering

2018 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 06005
Author(s):  
Azmi Mohammad Hassan ◽  
Raizal Saifulnaz Muhammad Rashid ◽  
Nazirah Ahmad ◽  
Shahria Alam ◽  
Farzad Hejazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory Alloy ◽  
Shape Memory Alloys ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
Structural System ◽  
Finish Temperature

Smart structures are defined as structures that able to adapt and maintain structural characteristics in dealing with changes of external disturbance, environment and unexpected severe loadings. This ability will lead to improve structural safety, serviceability and structural life extension. Shape memory alloys is one of the smart materials which has potential to be integrated in structural system to provide functions such as sensing, actuation, self-adapting and healing of the structures. The unique characteristic of shape memory alloys material is the ability to ‘remember’ its original shape after deformation. Nickel Titanium superelastic shape memory alloy wire is popular and widely used in many engineering fields and owned fully recovery of maximum strain of 6%-13.5% which is among the best shape recovery limit in alloy materials. The austenite finish temperature plays important role in stress-strain behaviour of superelastic shape memory alloys where higher stress required to complete martensite transformation with the increase of austenite finish temperature. The similar behaviour also is observed in the case of higher strain rate. The behaviour of superelastic shape memory alloys need to be studied before implementing in the structural system, so the targeted improvement for the structural system can be achieved.

scholarly journals Biosmart Materials: Breaking New Ground in Dentistry

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijetha Badami ◽  
Bharat Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Shape Memory Alloys ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Material Science ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Shape Memory Polymers ◽  
Strong Trend ◽  
Response To Change ◽  
As Stress

By definition and general agreement, smart materials are materials that have properties which may be altered in a controlled fashion by stimuli, such as stress, temperature, moisture, pH, and electric or magnetic fields. There are numerous types of smart materials, some of which are already common. Examples include piezoelectric materials, which produce a voltage when stress is applied or vice versa, shape memory alloys or shape memory polymers which are thermoresponsive, and pH sensitive polymers which swell or shrink as a response to change in pH. Thus, smart materials respond to stimuli by altering one or more of their properties. Smart behaviour occurs when a material can sense some stimulus from its environment and react to it in a useful, reliable, reproducible, and usually reversible manner. These properties have a beneficial application in various fields including dentistry. Shape memory alloys, zirconia, and smartseal are examples of materials exhibiting a smart behavior in dentistry. There is a strong trend in material science to develop and apply these intelligent materials. These materials would potentially allow new and groundbreaking dental therapies with a significantly enhanced clinical outcome of treatments.

Intelligent Material Systems: Application of Functional Materials

1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 505-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junji Tani ◽  
Toshiyuki Takagi ◽  
Jinhao Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory Alloys ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Magnetostrictive Materials ◽  
Material Systems ◽  
Intelligent Material ◽  
Magneto Rheological

This article presents a review of recent important developments in the field of intelligent material systems. Intelligent material systems, sometimes referred to as smart materials, can adjust their behavior to changes of external or internal parameters analogously to biological systems. In these systems, sensors, actuators and controllers are seamlessly integrated with structural materials at the macroscopic or mesoscopic level. In general, sensors and actuators are made of functional materials and fluids such as piezoelectric materials, magnetostrictive materials, shape memory alloys, polymer hydrogels, electro- and magneto-rheological fluids and so on. This article is specifically focused on the application of piezoelectric materials, magnetostrictive materials and shape memory alloys to intelligent material systems used to control the deformation, vibration and fracture of composite materials and structures. This review article contains 188 references.

scholarly journals Seismic Performance of Two Story Steel Building Using Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) Bars

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 1465-1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelan Hameed ◽  
Ali Laftah Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Shape Memory Alloys ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Time History ◽  
Roof Displacement ◽  
Steel Bars ◽  
Steel Building

Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) is type of smart materials that have ability to undergo large deformation and return back to their undeformed shape through heating (shape memory effect) or removal of load (superelastic effect). This unique ability is useful to enhance behavior of structure and seismic resistance. In this paper, superelasticity (SE) effect of NiTi alloys is used to improve the structural characteristics of steel building. The finite element analysis of steel building is done using ABAQUS v.2017. In order to compare the structural behavior of the steel building equipped with Shape Memory Alloy bars at beam-column connection, three steel building was modeled with a different combination of high strength steel bars and SMA bars. The steel building was checked for time history analysis by using Vrancea 1977 earthquake data. In order to estimate the recentring ability, residual of roof displacement and energy dissipation. The steel building equipped with SMA bars shows 82.7%, 152.72%   recovery in residual roof displacement for  steel building equipped with 50% SMA bars and 50% HS steel bars and steel building equipped with 100% SMA bars respectively, and moderate energy dissipation. In general, the frame equipped with 50% superelastic SMA bars and 50% HS steel bars provided better seismic performance.

Predicting the Dose of Warfarin for Therapeutic Anticoagulation

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (03) ◽  
pp. 230-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
N K Sharma ◽  
P A Routledge ◽  
M D Rawlins ◽  
D M Davies
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Range ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Maintenance Dose ◽  
Warfarin Dose ◽  
Loading Dose ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Therapeutic Anticoagulation ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Anticoagulant Response

SummaryThe validity of a previously described technique for predicting warfarin requirements based on the anticoagulant response to a fixed loading dose was assessed prospectively in 57 patients. There was a close relationship between the predicted and initially observed daily warfarin dose required to maintain the patient within the therapeutic range for anticoagulation. The significant relationship between predicted and observed maintenance dose persisted at 4 and 12 weeks although it decreased with increasing time.The relationship between observed and predicted maintenance requirement of warfarin was not affected by the concomitant use of intermittent intravenous injections of heparin when 9 hr was allowed to elapse between the previous dose of heparin and the thrombotest estimation on which the prediction was based.It is concluded that the method is valuable in predicting an individual’s warfarin requirement, although it does not obviate the need for regular monitoring of anticoagulant control.

Hydrocephalus in Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeetendra P. Sah ◽  
Aaron W. Abrams ◽  
Geetha Chari ◽  
Craig Linden ◽  
Yaacov Anziska
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Communicating Hydrocephalus ◽  
Type I ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn this article, we reported a case of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type I noted to have tetraventricular hydrocephalus with Blake's pouch cyst at 8 months of age following intrathecal nusinersen therapy. The association of hydrocephalus with SMA is rarely reported in the literature. Development of hydrocephalus after intrathecal nusinersen therapy is also reported in some cases, but a cause–effect relationship is not yet established. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of a patient with SMA type I and hydrocephalus, to review similar cases reported in the literature, and to explore the relationship between nusinersen therapy and development of hydrocephalus. The clinical presentation and radiographic findings of the patient are described and a comprehensive review of the literature was conducted. The adverse effect of communicating hydrocephalus related to nusinersen therapy is being reported and the authors suggest carefully monitoring for features of hydrocephalus developing during the course of nusinersen therapy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document