scholarly journals Multi-Scale Structure–Mechanical Property Relations of Graphene-Based Layer Materials

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4757
Author(s):  
Jingran Liu ◽  
Huasong Qin ◽  
Yilun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Scale Structure ◽  
Monolayer Graphene ◽  
Pristine Graphene ◽  
Multilayer Graphene ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Property Relations ◽  
Multi Scale

Pristine graphene is one of the strongest materials known in the world, and may play important roles in structural and functional materials. In order to utilize the extraordinary mechanical properties in practical engineering structures, graphene should be assembled into macroscopic structures such as graphene-based papers, fibers, foams, etc. However, the mechanical properties of graphene-based materials such as Young’s modulus and strength are 1–2 orders lower than those of pristine monolayer graphene. Many efforts have been made to unveil the multi-scale structure–property relations of graphene-based materials with hierarchical structures spanning the nanoscale to macroscale, and significant achievements have been obtained to improve the mechanical performance of graphene-based materials through composition and structure optimization across multi-scale. This review aims at summarizing the currently theoretical, simulation, and experimental efforts devoted to the multi-scale structure–property relation of graphene-based layer materials including defective monolayer graphene, nacre-like and laminar nanostructures of multilayer graphene, graphene-based papers, fibers, aerogels, and graphene/polymer composites. The mechanisms of mechanical property degradation across the multi-scale are discussed, based on which some multi-scale optimization strategies are presented to further improve the mechanical properties of graphene-based layer materials. We expect that this review can provide useful insights into the continuous improvement of mechanical properties of graphene-based layer materials.

Synthesis, microstructure, and mechanical properties of polycrystalline Cu nano-foam

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 469-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Eun Kim ◽  
Raheleh M. Rahimi ◽  
Nia Hightower ◽  
Ioannis Mastorakos ◽  
David F. Bahr
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Copper Acetate ◽  
Precursor Solution ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Property Relations ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Cu Foam

AbstractA polycrystalline Cu foam with sub-micron ligament sizes was formed by creating a non-woven fabric via electrospinning with a homogeneous mixture of polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)-and copper acetate(Cu(Ac)2). Thermogravimetric measurement of the electrospun fabric of the precursor solution is reported. Oxidizing the precursor fabric at 773K formed an oxide nano-foam; subsequent heating at 573K with a reducing gas transformed the CuO nano-foam to Cu with a similar ligament and meso-scale pore size morphology. A cross-section prepared by focused ion beam lift-out shows the polycrystalline structure with multi-scale porosity. The mechanical property of the Cu nano-foam is measured by nano-indentation. The load-depth curves and deduced mechanical properties suggest that additional intra-ligament pores lead to unique structure-property relations in this non-conventional form of metal.

A custom battery foroperandoneutron powder diffraction studies of electrode structure

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 280-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Kong Pang ◽  
Vanessa K. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Neutron Powder Diffraction ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Electrode Structure ◽  
Neutron Sources ◽  
Property Relations ◽  
Negative Electrodes

Structure–property relations are central to understanding functional materials, and for battery research the use of neutron powder diffraction to reveal the atomistic and molecular-scale origin of battery performance characteristics is often essential. Althoughoperandoexperiments of this kind are increasingly common as neutron sources and instrumentation advance, these experiments are hindered by the often large barrier presented by the preparation of whole batteries that yield a neutron diffraction signal from the electrode of interest that is sufficient to extract detailed structural information. This article presents a custom battery that is specifically designed foroperandoneutron powder diffraction. The battery is a pouch type and contains layers of positive and negative electrodes in a parallel-connecting stack. Importantly, the battery can be easily prepared in most laboratories, is configurable, and can be used with both lithium and sodium charge carriers. This paper provides some exampleoperandoneutron powder diffraction studies using this battery.

scholarly journals Multi-scale mechanical characterization of highly swollen photo-activated collagen hydrogels

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (102) ◽  
pp. 20141079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Tronci ◽  
Colin A. Grant ◽  
Neil H. Thomson ◽  
Stephen J. Russell ◽  
David J. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Type I ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Collagen Hydrogels ◽  
Tunable Mechanical Properties

Biological hydrogels have been increasingly sought after as wound dressings or scaffolds for regenerative medicine, owing to their inherent biofunctionality in biological environments. Especially in moist wound healing, the ideal material should absorb large amounts of wound exudate while remaining mechanically competent in situ . Despite their large hydration, however, current biological hydrogels still leave much to be desired in terms of mechanical properties in physiological conditions. To address this challenge, a multi-scale approach is presented for the synthetic design of cyto-compatible collagen hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties (from the nano- up to the macro-scale), uniquely high swelling ratios and retained (more than 70%) triple helical features. Type I collagen was covalently functionalized with three different monomers, i.e. 4-vinylbenzyl chloride, glycidyl methacrylate and methacrylic anhydride, respectively. Backbone rigidity, hydrogen-bonding capability and degree of functionalization ( F : 16 ± 12–91 ± 7 mol%) of introduced moieties governed the structure–property relationships in resulting collagen networks, so that the swelling ratio ( SR : 707 ± 51–1996 ± 182 wt%), bulk compressive modulus ( E c : 30 ± 7–168 ± 40 kPa) and atomic force microscopy elastic modulus ( E AFM : 16 ± 2–387 ± 66 kPa) were readily adjusted. Because of their remarkably high swelling and mechanical properties, these tunable collagen hydrogels may be further exploited for the design of advanced dressings for chronic wound care.

Tailoring structure formation and mechanical properties of particle brush solids via homopolymer addition

2016 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schmitt ◽  
Chin Ming Hui ◽  
Zachary Urbach ◽  
Jiajun Yan ◽  
Krzysztof Matyjaszewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Colloidal Crystal ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Property Relations ◽  
Linear Chains ◽  
Sensitive Dependence ◽  
Tethered Chains

Recent progress in the area of surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization (SI-CRP) has enabled the synthesis of polymer-grafted colloids with precise control over the architecture of grafted chains. The resulting ‘particle brush materials’ are of interest both from a fundamental as well as applied perspective because structural frustrations (associated with the tethering of chains to a curved surface) imply a sensitive dependence of the interactions between brush particles on the architecture of surface-tethered chains that offers new opportunities to design hybrid materials with novel functionalities. An important prerequisite for establishing structure–property relations in particle brush materials is to understand the role of homopolymer impurities that form, for example, by thermal self-initiation. This contribution presents a detailed discussion of the role of homopolymer additives on the structure and mechanical properties of particle brush materials. The results suggest that the dissolution of homopolymer fillers follows a two-step mechanism comprised of the initial segregation of homopolymer to the interstitial regions within the array and the subsequent swelling of the particle brush (depending on the respective degree of polymerization of brush and linear chains). Addition of even small amounts of homopolymer is found to significantly increase the fracture toughness of particle brush assembly structures. The increased resistance to failure could enable the synthesis of robust colloidal crystal type materials that can be processed into complex shapes using ‘classical’ polymer forming techniques such as molding or extrusion.

Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Mechanical Properties of NR/TPI

2012 ◽  
Vol 560-561 ◽  
pp. 1114-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Jiang ◽  
Hong Yue ◽  
Jian Yong Zhao ◽  
Qing E Sha
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Molecular Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Pair Correlation ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Gutta Percha

This paper addresses the potential of molecular dynamics simulation for structure–property correlations in rubber. This is an important topic within a multi-scale framework to rubber blends. For that purpose, the Mechanical Properties of NR(Natural rubber)/TPI(Gutta percha) are studied by Molecular dynamics simulation method. The result indicates that the NR/TPI’s properties have been improved significantly. Compared to the pure TPI, the rubber blends’ Modulus and rigidity decrease while flexibility and strength are enhanced. Based on these, the pair correlation functions are discussed, the best simulation technique identified in this study reveal the nature of interactions between the components of the blends.

scholarly journals Characterization of Physical Properties for Multi-Scale Polymer Composites Under Various Processing Conditions

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne C. Lederer ◽  
David I. Bigio ◽  
Hugh A. Bruck ◽  
Betel T. Sime ◽  
Harry R. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Microstructural Evolution ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Multi Scale

There is great interest in using microscale and nanoscale ingredients as fillers to create composites with enhanced physical properties. To further explore the improvement these fillers offer, a combination of both micro and nano ingredients was used to make a multi-scale polymer composite. Therefore we have engaged in an investigation to see how the physics of mixing these ingredients affects microstructural evolution of the extruded composites, as well as the associated thermal and mechanical properties. This data can then be used to develop fundamental processing-structure-property models of these multi-scale composites across different concentrations of microscale and nanoscale ingredients in order to optimize their development.

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