scholarly journals Effect of Boron and Vanadium Addition on Friction-Wear Properties of the Coating AlCrN for Special Applications

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4651
Author(s):  
Huu Chien Nguyen ◽  
Zdeněk Joska ◽  
Zdeněk Pokorný ◽  
Zbyněk Studený ◽  
Josef Sedlák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Nitriding ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽  
Hardness Tests ◽  
Untreated Material ◽  
Arc Evaporation ◽  
Wear Tests

Cutting tools have long been coated with an AlCrN hard coating system that has good mechanical and tribological qualities. Boron (B) and vanadium (V) additions to AlCrN coatings were studied for their mechanical and tribological properties. Cathodic multi-arc evaporation was used to successfully manufacture the AlCrBN and AlCrVN coatings. These multicomponent coatings were applied to the untreated and plasma-nitrided surfaces of HS6-5-2 and H13 steels, respectively. Nanoindentation and Vickers micro-hardness tests were used to assess the mechanical properties of the materials. Ball-on-flat wear tests with WC-Co balls as counterparts were used to assess the friction-wear capabilities. Nanoindentation tests demonstrated that AlCrBN coating has a higher hardness (HIT 40.9 GPa) than AlCrVN coating (39.3 GPa). Steels’ wear resistance was significantly increased by a hybrid treatment that included plasma nitriding and hard coatings. The wear volume was 3% better for the AlCrBN coating than for the AlCrVN coating on H13 nitrided steel, decreasing by 89% compared to the untreated material. For HS6-5-2 steel, the wear volume was almost the same for both coatings but decreased by 77% compared to the untreated material. Boron addition significantly improved the mechanical, tribological, and adhesive capabilities of the AlCrN coating.

Performance characteristics of steel 1.2842 after nitridation

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Michal Krbaťa ◽  
◽  
Jana Escherová ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Plasma Nitriding ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽  
Structure Thickness ◽  
Pin On Disc

The paper deals with the change in mechanical properties and wear of 1.2842 universal tool steel after plasma nitriding, which is widely used to produce cutting tools with good durability and low operating costs. Plasma nitriding was performed at a temperature of 500 °C for 10-hour period in a standard N2 /H2 atmosphere with 1:3 gases ratio. Microstructure, phase structure, thickness of a nitriding layer and surface roughness of samples were measured with optical microscopes and a profilometer. Verification of a chemical composition was carried out on the BAS TASMAN Q4 device. Wear resistance was measured on a universal TRIBOLAB UTM 3 tribometer, through a, “pin on disc“ method. The results of experiments have shown that plasma nitriding process, significantly improves the mechanical and tribological properties of selected materials.

Effects of Hybrid Surface Treatment Composed of Plasma Nitriding and CrN Coating on Friction-Wear Properties of Stainless Steel

2021 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-318
Author(s):  
Chien Nguyen ◽  
Emil Svoboda ◽  
Jan Sedlacek ◽  
Josef Sedlak ◽  
Ales Polzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Plasma Nitriding ◽  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Aisi 316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Crn Coating ◽  
Crn Coatings

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of hybrid surface treatment composed of plasma nitriding (PN) and chromium nitride (CrN) coating on the friction-wear properties, the adhesion strength of AISI 316L stainless steel. The CrN coatings with the thickness of 1.0 µm and 2.2 µm were formed on the surfaces of both substrates with plasma nitriding (PN/CrN coating) and without plasma nitriding (CrN coating). The plasma nitriding, CrN coatings, and the hybrid treatment improved markedly the friction-wear properties of the stainless steel. The plasma nitriding generated a hardened layer between the soft substrate and the thin hard coatings and improved markedly friction-wear properties of the CrN-coated stainless steel and the adhesion of the CrN coatings.

Adhesion of PVD and CVD hard coatings as an essential parameter that determines the durability of coated tools

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (96) ◽  
pp. 5-21
Author(s):  
M. Pancielejko
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Properties Of Coatings ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽  
Coated Tools ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Scratch Tests

Purpose: The work is connected with the current trend related to the modification of tool surfaces with PVD and CVD methods through the deposition of coatings to increase their durability. The research results of coated tools tests that are carried out in industrial conditions are presented in details. Design/methodology/approach: Structure, chemical and phase composition investigations related to the mechanical and tribological properties of coatings produced on tool substrates and analysis of the results are included. Investigations of the properties of deposited coatings on the following tool materials were made: high speed steels, hot work tool steel, sintered carbides and SiAlON tool ceramics. Findings: Interpretation of production tests results of coated tools and an analysis of the wear mechanisms of tool blades in relation to the properties of coatings and their adhesion, in particular characterized in the scratch test, were described. Research limitations/implications: Adhesion scratch test cannot be the only and final method of such evaluation. For example a direct comparison of the results of the scratch tests of coatings is possible when adhesion is being examined of different coatings yet on the same type of the substrate. Practical implications: Based on the adhesion test results using the scratch test, the suitability of the coatings produced on the cutting tools can be quickly assessed. Originality/value: It was sought those parameters which characterize the properties of coatings, ones which would permit to effectively/practically assess the performance of tools with coatings produced, with an exclusion or limitation of long-term and expensive durability tests of tools that are carried out in industrial conditions.

Evaluation of Residual Stresses in PVD Coatings by Means of the Curvature Method of Plate

2016 ◽  
Vol 721 ◽  
pp. 404-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harri Lille ◽  
Alexander Ryabchikov ◽  
Eron Adoberg ◽  
Liisa Kurissoo ◽  
Priidu Peetsalu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Layer Growth ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Nickel Steel ◽  
Pvd Coatings ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties

Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) coatings are primarily designed for metal cutting tools operating in extreme machining and blanking conditions. Residual stresses arising during coating deposition exert an important effect on the service life of the coating through influencing mechanical and tribological properties and adhesion. To determine macroscopic residual stresses, the conventional curvature method was used. As an application, residual stresses in four aluminum based PVD hard coatings, i.e. AlTiN, AlTiSiN, AlCrN, and AlCrSiN, were investigated in the presence of the Ti adhesion layer. Nickel steel plates and steel plates were used as the substrate. Residual stresses were compressive and high (3.0-7.5 GPa) in all coatings. Compressive stresses in coatings are desirable in cohesive tool damage as they strengthen the coating. The values of residual stresses were not significantly dependent on the angle of plate placement (parallel (0°), inclined (45°) and perpendicular (90°)) in relation to the PVD cathode in the deposition chamber. The magnitude of residual stresses is influenced by intrinsic strain at layer growth rather than by thermal stress.

scholarly journals Cyanide in salt bath Applied to ASTM A-517 Steel: Effects on Hardness, Wear and Microstructure

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-580
Keyword(s):  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Adhesive Wear ◽  
Salt Bath ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Hardness Tests ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Optical Level ◽  
Wear Tests

The effects of the cyanide treatment (CN) in a salt bath at elevated temperatures on the hardness; adhesive and abrasive wear; of ASTM A-517 steel, were investigated. For abrasive wear, 1” x 3” x 5/16" samples were prepared according to ASTM G-65 standard. For adhesive wear, specimens wit ring-shaped: φ ext. = 40 mm, φ int = 20 mm and 10 mm thick, according to ASTM G -77. The CN treatment was carried out, at high temperatures: 800 – 850 – 900 – 950 °C, immersing the samples in a salt bath: 6% NaCN + 80% BaCl2 + 14% NaCl before entering the muffle furnace, with soaking time of 3 hr. Hardness tests were performed on a Rockwell Durometer taking measurements on the HRC scale. The adhesive wear tests were carried out on a parallel lathe coupling the Amsler device, following the ASTM G-77 standard. The abrasive wear tests were performed according to the ASTM G65 standard. Microscopy was done at the optical level. A maximum hardness of 63.5 HRC was found in all samples, representing an increase of 11.3% with respect to the state of supply (T&R). In abrasive wear, its value increased to 66%, compared to supply samples. The most suitable microstructure is presented by cyanide samples at 850ºC, with a layer of compounds (hard layer) formed by: massive cementite; tempered martensite and carbide. It is concluded that when applying cyanide to ASTM A-517 steel, the hardness and wear properties are increased to optimal values, if the cyanide treatment (CN) is carried out at 850 °C.

Tribological Study of TiN Nano Structured Films Deposited on Plasma Nitrided H11 Steel by Pulsed DC PACVD

2011 ◽  
Vol 264-265 ◽  
pp. 1395-1400 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Raoufi ◽  
S. Mirdamadi ◽  
Farzad Mahboubi ◽  
S. Ahangarani ◽  
M.S. Mahdipoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Plasma Nitriding ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Influence Of Process Parameters ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽  
Pulsed Dc ◽  
Pin On Disc

In recent years, plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (PACVD) has been introduced as a suitable technique to deposit hard coatings on to tools of complex geometries. This study focuses on the influence of process parameters during plasma nitriding and TiN coatings, such as duty cycle, treatment time and temperature parameters on the properties of nanostructured binary layers. To improve performance and the quality of the samples, a duplex process combining a plasma nitriding (PN) pre-treatment and a plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition (PACVD) was applied on the steel surface. A mixture of H2, N2, Ar and TiCl4 was used to deposit a thin film of TiN on H11 steel. The microstructural, mechanical and tribological properties of the coating were investigated using X-Ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy combined with nanoindentation and pin-on-disc measurements. The results indicate that the small grain size was obtained at low duty cycle (33%) and increased with increasing of the duty cycle to 60 %. Calculated roughness of surface for duty cycle 50 % was 72 nm.

scholarly journals Optimisation of Mechanical Properties of Gradient Zr–C Coatings

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Łukasz Szparaga ◽  
Przemysław Bartosik ◽  
Adam Gilewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Mydłowska ◽  
Jerzy Ratajski
Keyword(s):  
Adhesive Layer ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽  
High Adhesion ◽  
Graded Material ◽  
Residual Stresses And Strains ◽  
Optimisation Procedure

One of the key components of the designing procedure of a structure of hard anti-wear coatings deposited via Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) is the analysis of the stress and strain distributions in the substrate/coating systems, initiated during the deposition process and by external mechanical loads. Knowledge of residual stress development is crucial due to their significant influence on the mechanical and tribological properties of such layer systems. The main goal of the work is to find the optimal functionally graded material (FGM) coating’s structure, composed of three functional layers: (1) adhesive layer, providing high adhesion of the coating to the substrate, (2) gradient load support and crack deflection layer, improving hardness and enhancing fracture toughness, (3) wear-resistant top layer, reducing wear. In the optimisation procedure of the coating’s structure, seven decision criteria basing on the state of residual stresses and strains in the substrate/coating system were proposed. Using finite element simulations and postulated criteria, the thickness and composition gradients of the transition layer in FGM coating were determined. In order to verify the proposed optimisation procedure, Zr-C coatings with different spatial distribution of carbon concentration were produced by the Reactive Magnetron Sputtering PVD (RMS PVD) method and their anti-wear properties were assessed by scratch test and ball-on-disc tribological test.

scholarly journals Wear Resistance of (Ti,Al)N Metallic Coatings for Extremal Working Conditions

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Jarosław Mikuła ◽  
Daniel Pakuła ◽  
Ludwina Żukowska ◽  
Klaudiusz Gołombek ◽  
Antonín Kříž
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Metallographic Analysis ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Tool Materials ◽  
Coated Materials ◽  
Wide Range

The article includes research results for the functional properties achieved for a wide range of sintered tool materials, including sintered carbides, cermets and three types of Al2O3 oxide tool ceramics ((Al2O3 + ZrO2, Al2O3 + TiC and Al2O3 + SiC(w)) with (Ti,Al)N coating deposited in the cathodic arc evaporation (CAE-PVD) method and comparison with uncoated tool materials. For all coated samples, a uniform wear pattern on tool shank was observed during metallographic analysis. Based on the scanning electron microscope (SEM) metallographic analysis, it was found that the most common types of tribological defects identified in tested materials are: mechanical defects and abrasive wear of the tool side, crater formation on the tool face, cracks on the tool side, chipping on the cutting edge and built-up edge from chip fragments. Deposition of (Ti,Al)N coating on all tested substrates increases the wear resistance and also limits the exceeding of critical levels of permanent stresses. It even increases the tool life many times over. Such a significant increase in tool life results, among other things, from a large increase in microhardness of PVD coated materials compared to uncoated samples, increased resistance to thermal and chemical abrasion, improved chip formation and removal process conditions. Use of hard coatings applied to sintered tool materials is considered to be one of the most important achievements in improving the functional properties of cutting tools and can still be developed by improving the coating structure solutions (sorted and nanocrystalline structures) and extending the range of coating applications (Ti,Al)N in a variety of substrates.

A review on recent advances on improving polyimide matrix nanocomposites for mechanical, thermal, and tribological applications: Challenges and recommendations for future improvement

2021 ◽  
pp. 089270572110079
Author(s):  
Victor E Ogbonna ◽  
Patricia I Popoola ◽  
Olawale M Popoola ◽  
Samson O Adeosun
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽  
Friction Component ◽  
Future Improvement ◽  
Component Material ◽  
Percent Concentration ◽  
Polyimide Matrix

In recent years, advancements on improving the mechanical and tribological properties of polyimide nanocomposites have remarkably increased, owing to the fact that polyimide nanocomposites exhibits lightweight, high strength, thermal stability as well as anti-wear and solvent resistance. The polyimide nanocomposites are described as material of polyimide matrix reinforced with certain volume or weight percent concentration of nanofillers. Researchers have demonstrated the importance of thermoplastic polyimide nanocomposites in mechanical, thermal, and tribological applications. However, the nanocomposites are reportedly facing interfacial adhesion issues and surface properties degradation, which have affected their mechanical, friction, and abrasive wear resistance for tribological applications. Although, much advancements on improving the mechanical, thermal, and wear resistance properties of polyimide nanocomposites has been reported. However, this review summarizes the effects of nanofillers, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene (GN), graphene oxide (GO), boron nitride (BN), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), silica (SiO2), titania (TiO2), alumina (Al2O3), carbon fibres (CF), aramid fibre (AF), glass fibre (GF), zinc dioxide (ZnO2), zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), silicon nitride (Si2N4), and carbon nitride (C3N4) on the mechanical, thermal, and wear properties of polyimide nanocomposites for tribological applications. The authors concluded the review study with advancement, challenges and suggestions for future improvement of polyimide nanocomposites as friction component material. Thus, the review offers an insight into the improvement and selection of polyimide nanocomposites material for mechanical, thermal, and tribological applications. More so, the review will also give away for further research.

scholarly journals Microstructure and Properties of the AlCrSi(O)N Tool Coatings by Arc Ion Plating

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Yanmei Liu ◽  
Tie-Gang Wang ◽  
Wei Lin ◽  
Qiang Zhu ◽  
Bing Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Arc Ion Plating ◽  
Ion Plating ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Coated Tool ◽  
Solid Carbide ◽  
End Mills ◽  
Coating Design

Aluminum rich nitride coatings are often used to protect cutting tools and prolong their service life. In this work, a preoxidation technique and duplex coating design were combined to further improve the bearing capacity and heat resistance of cutting tools. The Al-Cr-Si-N, Al-Cr-Si-O-N, and Al-Cr-Si-N/Al-Cr-Si-O-N duplex coatings were developed by arc ion plating, respectively. The morphology, phase constituents, mechanical and tribological properties of the coatings were characterized and tested by SEM, XRD, a micro-hardness tester, scratch tester, and tribometer. The results showed the coating became more compact and smoother after oxygen doping. However, the Al-Cr-Si-N coating presented the best mechanical properties and tribological behaviors. Its hardness and critical load showed the highest values, which were about 4000 HV and 81 N, respectively. A friction coefficient of 0.67 and wear rate of 1.4 × 10−3 μm3/N·mm were also the lowest values in the study. The three coatings were deposited on the same solid carbide end mills and performed the cutting tests under same conditions. By comparison, the Al-Cr-Si-N coated tool presented the longest tool life and minimum cutting force when cutting C1045 medium-carbon steel. After 90 min of dry milling, the width of the flank wear band (VB) of the AlCrSiN coated tool reached 135 μm, which was much lower than that of the other two coated tools.

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