scholarly journals Special Issue: “Ceramics and Construction Materials”

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4204
Author(s):  
Teresa Mangialardi
Keyword(s):  
Construction Materials ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Stone Materials ◽  
Manufactured Products ◽  
Reinforced Materials

The variety of material classes engaged for constructions is very wide, ranging from naturally occurring substances, such as stone materials and wood, to manufactured products such as inorganic binders, ceramic bricks, adhesives, metals, composites like concrete, bituminous or fibre-reinforced materials [...]

Global impacts of aflatoxin in maize: trade and human health

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Subsistence Farming ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Main Determinant ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Global Impacts

Maize is one of the most important agricultural commodities worldwide in terms of amounts produced, consumed, and traded. Hence, naturally occurring aflatoxin contamination in maize has important ramifications for both global trade and health. Aflatoxin is produced by certain species of the genus Aspergillus in a variety of food crops, including maize, peanuts, and tree nuts. Over 100 nations have aflatoxin regulations, which are intended to protect human and animal health, but also incur economic losses to nations that attempt to export maize and other aflatoxin-contaminated commodities. These economic effects must be balanced against the health protection afforded by the regulations. It is important to acknowledge that, even in nations that have aflatoxin regulations, many individuals consume maize that has undergone no regulatory inspection, especially in nations where subsistence farming is widespread. Hence, aflatoxin contamination, exposure, and lack of regulation can also contribute to adverse effects on trade and health worldwide. This review, part of a special issue on aflatoxin in maize, describes economic and health effects of aflatoxin in maize on a global level. It ends with a story of an intervention that reduced maize consumption in one population in China, which is likely the main determinant of the reduction in liver cancer mortality in that population over the last 30 years, from reduced aflatoxin exposure.

scholarly journals The Future and Prospects of Periwinkle Composites in Reinforced Concretes: A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-67
Author(s):  
Nkwoada Amarachi ◽  
Onyedika Gerald ◽  
Oguzie Emeka ◽  
Ogwuegbu Martin
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Concrete Technology ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Cost Of Construction ◽  
Shell Powder ◽  
Periwinkle Shell ◽  
Curing Age

The choice of building materials and the rising cost of construction materials have continued to plaque the building and construction industry without an immediate solution. Industrialists and scholars are investigating several naturally occurring materials for concrete composite reinforcements. The article chronologically reviewed the growth and development of periwinkle shell powder (PSP) and periwinkle ash powder (PSA) as composite materials in concretes. Findings showed that 28 days of curing age are required for lightweight concretes reinforced with PSP or PAP at 10-30% optimum. Produced lightweight concretes were susceptible to acidic medium and induce lower compressive strength which eventually leads to concrete/structure disintegrate and collapse. Research challenges and funding hamper the application of PSP/PAP in the concrete formulation and are unable to drive innovations and economic benefits as a composite. Advances in concrete technology showed that PSP/PSA mollusk shells achieve pillar strength grade and weight/load bearing status for the improvement of PSP/PSA blended concretes. Also, the composite potential showed that the functionalization of PSP/PSA, sustainability, and nano modification of cementitious materials and concretes are promising. Future studies are required to develop periwinkle reinforced concrete silos, sewers, and smart concrete materials with improved mechanical, thermal, and aesthetic properties.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF COAST PROTECTION CONSTRUCTIONS BUILT WITH THE USE OF RECYCLED CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND THEIR NEGATIVE IMPACT

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
M. I. Balzannikov ◽  
A. A. Mikhasek ◽  
Yu. M. Galitskova
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Hydraulic Engineering ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Bituminous Materials ◽  
Stone Materials

Different types of materials are used in hydraulic structures and coast protection constructions. These materials can be of natural (e.g. stone) and artificial origin (concrete, metal). The main trends typical for building construction now are as follows: cutting a share of natural materials and reusing waste products of dismantling construction objects. As a result of recycling it is possible to produce building materials that look like and have properties characteristic of natural stone materials, gravel, in particular. While gravel is being processed, it is possible to predict that it would obtain such characteristics as grade, frost resistance and strength. Reuse of recycled construction materials is a challenge, because this type of waste can hardly be reduced in volume and requires considerable space for burial. We propose to use gravel produced by processing in hydraulic engineering objects, i.e. in coast protection constructions. For that, we analyzed waste materials characteristics to justify their use in hydraulic structures. The research proved that strength of gravel produced by processing was sufficient enough. On the other hand, its frost resistance and fineness did not satisfy the requirements to materials used in coast protective structures. Besides, the construction of such structures causes water pollution as inert materials placed in waterbodies increase water turbidity. As a large part of the structure is located directly in the waterbody, during the period of the construction inert materials are supposed to be dumped. In this period the water body is filled with a significant amount of fine particles, which leads to an increase in turbidity at the construction site. Thus, we come to the conclusion that it is possible to reuse recycled construction materials in hydraulic engineering structures only on condition of their additional after-treatment processing. We offer to mix gravel produced by processing with cement mortal. As a result we obtain no-fines concrete, which is further processed by hot procedure (with bituminous materials). No-fines concrete can be produced in the form of precast units of 1,4×1,4×0,5 m. The use of prefabricated units will allow to avoid waterbody pollution and protect it from fine particles. Further processing by bituminous materials will enhance its frost resistance and reliability, which in turn will prevent contamination of the water body in the period of coast protection constructions usage.

scholarly journals Justification of stone in construction materials bases and covers logging roads

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
Кручинин ◽  
Igor Kruchinin
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Number ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Cyclic Loads ◽  
Stone Materials ◽  
Stone Material ◽  
Logging Roads ◽  
Restraining Force

Justification of stone in construction materials bases and covers logging roads. These changes depending on the strength of stone material particles relative to the coordination number and change the contact forces between the particles when subjected to repeated cyclic loads. It was established that the limestone rubble strength of 400 is much more prone to crushing when the effects of multiple cyclic loads than solid dolomite and granite rub-ble. The increase in the restraining force between the particles due to the weak cementing stone materials ranged from 5 to 30 percent.

scholarly journals Special Issue “Natural Polymers and Biopolymers II”

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Sylvain Caillol
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Biobased Polymers ◽  
Naturally Occurring

BioPolymers could be either natural polymers (polymer naturally occurring in Nature, such as cellulose or starch…), or biobased polymers that are artificially synthesized from natural resources [...]

scholarly journals Radiation-related hygienic assessment of construction materials in urbanized complexes in the Volgograd region

Spatium ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 46-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Sidelnikova ◽  
Lidia Khorzova ◽  
Pavel Sidyakin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Radiation Properties ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Naturally Occurring Radionuclides ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Impact

The concept of safety and assurance of vital human activities in urbanization is one of the most significant backbone concepts of human ecology. The comfort of residential buildings is largely owed to the radiation properties of the construction materials used. Therefore, the radiation-related hygienic support of technological processes and construction procedures is an important issue for the construction industry. Solving problems associated with improving the radiation safety of urbanized complexes depends on implementing legislation in the sphere of limiting human exposure to the impact of naturally occurring radionuclides. The paper presents the results of studies carried out by the authors on the specific activities of naturally occurring radionuclides in the construction materials manufactured and used in the Volgograd region. Through these large-scale studies, it was found out that the construction materials manufactured in the Volgograd region are in compliance with the national legislative and standard requirements; they are referred to as class 1 and can be applied for the construction of residential and public buildings.

scholarly journals Special Issue on “Novel Membrane Technologies for Traditional Industrial Processes”

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Jiang ◽  
Pei Li ◽  
Yan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Membrane Technologies

Traditional industries span multiple sectors, such as coal, iron and steel, textile, machinery, chemical engineering, shipbuilding, and construction materials [...]

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