scholarly journals Economic Friendly ZnO-Based UV Sensors Using Hydrothermal Growth: A Review

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4083
Author(s):  
Liguo Qin ◽  
Fagla Jules Mawignon ◽  
Mehboob Hussain ◽  
Nsilani Kouediatouka Ange ◽  
Shan Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Zno Nanostructure ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Uv Sensors

Ultraviolet (UV) sensors offer significant advantages in human health protection and environmental pollution monitoring. Amongst various materials for UV sensors, the zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructure is considered as one of the most promising candidates due to its incredible electrical, optical, biomedical, energetic and preparing properties. Compared to other fabricating techniques, hydrothermal synthesis has been proven to show special advantages such as economic cost, low-temperature process and excellent and high-yield production. Here, we summarize the latest progress in research about the hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO nanostructures for UV sensing. We particularly focus on the selective hydrothermal processes and reveal the effect of key factors/parameters on ZnO architectures, such as the laser power source, temperature, growth time, precursor, seeding solution and bases. Furthermore, ZnO hydrothermal nanostructures for UV applications as well as their mechanisms are also summarized. This review will therefore enlighten future ideas of low-temperature and low-cost ZnO-based UV sensors.

High-yield production of a low-temperature-active polygalacturonase for papaya juice clarification

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 2974-2981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Tu ◽  
Kun Meng ◽  
Yingguo Bai ◽  
Pengjun Shi ◽  
Huiying Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Juice Clarification ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
High Yield Production

High-yield aquaculture using low-cost feed and waste recycling methods

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald L. Schroeder ◽  
Steven Serfling
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Fish Yield ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Heterotrophic Microbes ◽  
Water Fish

AbstractConventional, low-yield aquaculture methods use earthen, standing water fish ponds that typically are stocked with 0.5 to 2 fish/m2and produce 3 to 10 tons of fish/ha/year using refined feeds. At higher fish stocking densities and fish yield, production of metabolites and residues exceeds such a pond's natural recycling capability, so that a higher rate of flushing is required. This wastes water and valuable nutrients and creates a potentially polluting effluent In an alternative system, by increasing the rate at which the metabolites and feed wastes are microbially processed within the culture system, production rates exceeding 500 tons of tilapia fish/ha/year have been attained with less than 0.5 percent water change daily. In preliminary experiments in this closed bioconversion system, we have replaced all formulated feeds with agricultural residues and fertilizers, which are converted into protein by intense microbial processing. The rate of fish growth indicated that much or possibly all the feed requirements of tilapia grown in this type of closed, densely stocked system can be satisfied by intense cultivation of heterotrophic microbes.

scholarly journals Syngas Production Improvement of Sugarcane Bagasse Conversion Using an Electromagnetic Modified Vacuum Pyrolysis Reactor

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Muhammad Djoni Bustan ◽  
Sri Haryati ◽  
Fitri Hadiah ◽  
Selpiana Selpiana ◽  
Adri Huda
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Syngas Production ◽  
Vacuum Pyrolysis ◽  
Pyrolysis Reactor

The trends and challenges of pyrolysis technology nowadays have shifted to low-temperature pyrolysis, which provides low-cost processes but high-yield conversion, with suitable H2/CO ratios for performing gas-to-liquid technology in the future. The present study has developed a modified vacuum pyrolysis reactor to convert sugarcane bagasse to gas products, including H2, CO2, CH4, and CO in the low-temperature process. The experimental design includes the effects of pyrolysis time, pyrolysis temperature, and applying a current as a function of the electromagnetic field. The result showed that 0.12 ng/µL, 0.85 ng/µL, and 0.31 ng/µL of hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) gases, respectively, started forming in the first 20 min at 210 °C for the pyrolysis temperature, and the gas product accumulated in the increase of pyrolysis time and temperature. In the absence of electromagnetic field, the optimum condition was obtained at 60 min and 290 °C of pyrolysis time and temperature, respectively, in which 20.98, 14.86, 14.56, and 15.78 ng/µL of H2, CO2, CH4, and CO were generated, respectively. However, this condition did not meet the minimum value of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, since the minimum requirement of the H2/CO ratio is 2. Furthermore, applying the electromagnetic field performed a significant improvement, in which applying current ≥3A improved the gas product to 33.76, 8.71, 18.39, and 7.66 ng/µL of H2, CO2, CH4, and CO, respectively, with an H2/CO ratio above 2. The obtained result showed that applying electric current as an electromagnetic field provides a significant improvement, not only in boosting yield product, but also in performing the standard ratios of H2/CO in the gas–liquid conversion of syngas to liquid hydrocarbon. The result proves that applying an electromagnetic approach could be used as an alternative way to obtain efficiency and as a better process to convert biomass as a future energy source.

Visible Light Assisted Hantzsch Reaction: Synthesis of Polycyclic Dihydropyridines

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 676-682
Author(s):  
Ankusab Noorahmadsab Nadaf ◽  
Kalegowda Shivashankar
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Short Reaction Time ◽  
Green Protocol ◽  
Dihydropyridine Derivatives

The polycyclic dihydropyridine nucleus represents the heterocyclic system of invaluable core motifs with wide applications in chemical, biological and physical properties. Although this kind of compounds have been extensively synthesized by other groups, the synthesis of these compounds under CFL light intensity were not explored. The synthesis of polycyclic dihydropyridine derivatives were achieved through the reaction of 4-hydroxycoumarin, aromatic aldehydes and ammonium acetate under CFL light irradiation conditions. A series of polycyclic dihydropyridine derivatives were prepared under CFL light irradiation conditions with high yield, short reaction time, ambient condition and without the use of catalyst. The results displayed an efficient method for the synthesis of polycyclic dihydropyridine derivatives. Clean profile, short reaction time, low cost and use of CFL light intensity instead of catalyst making it a genuinely green protocol.

Using Low Temperature, Cost-effective and Green Methods to Carbon Nanohorn Synthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-160
Author(s):  
Ali Hasani
Keyword(s):  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Reaction Field ◽  
Carbon Nanohorns ◽  
Graphite Rod

Background: Laser ablation method has high-yield and pure SWCNHs. On the other hand, arc discharge methods have low-cost production of SWCNHs. However, these techniques have more desirable features, they need special expertness to use high power laser or high current discharge that either of them produces very high temperature. As for the researches, the temperatures of these techniques are higher than 4727°C to vaporize the graphite. So, to become aware of the advantages of SWCNHs, it is necessary to find a new way to synthesize SWCNHs at a lower temperature. In other words, reaction field can be expandable at a moderate temperature. This paper reports a new way to synthesize SWCNHs at an extremely reduced temperature. Methods: According to this study, the role of N2 is the protection of the copper holder supporting the graphite rod by increasing heat transfer from the holder. After the current of 70 A was supplied to the system, the temperature of graphite rod was raised to 1600°C. It is obvious that this temperature is somehow higher than the melting point of palladium, 1555°C, and much lower than graphite melting point, 3497°C. Results: Based on the results, there are transitional precursors simultaneous with the SWCNHs. This composition can be created by distortion of the primary SWCNTs at the higher temperature. Subsequently, each SWCNTs have a tendency to be broken into individual horns. With increasing the concentration of the free horns, bud-like SWCNHs can be produced. Moreover, there are individual horns almost separated from the mass of single wall carbon nanohorns. This structure is not common in SWCNHs synthesized by the usual method such as arc discharge or laser ablation. Through these regular techniques, SWCNHs are synthesized as cumulative particles with diameters about 30-150 nm. Conclusion: A simple heating is needed for SWCNTs transformation to SWCNHs with the presence of palladium as catalyst. The well-thought-out mechanism for this transformation is that SWCNTs were initially changed to highly curled shape, and after that were formed into small independent horns. The other rout to synthesize SWCNHs is the pyrolysis of palm olein at 950°C with the assistance of zinc nitrate and ferrocene. Palm olein was used as a promising, bio-renewable and inexpensive carbon source for the production of carbon nanohorns.

Triticum aestivum Assay - A Useful Tool for Environmental Monitoring and Toxicity Assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1005-1018
Author(s):  
Alexandra JITĂREANU ◽  
Ioana-Cezara CABA ◽  
Adriana TRIFAN ◽  
Silvica PĂDUREANU ◽  
Luminița AGOROAEI
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Digital Object Identifier ◽  
Biological Assays

The present review summarizes the literature data regarding the application of Triticum aestivum assay as an alternative method for toxicity assessment of environmental pollutants or potential therapeutic agents. Plant bioassays present several advantages among other biological assays (simplicity, low cost, rapid test activation, a wide array of assessment endpoints). They present a good correlation with animal and human cells models, and are a reliable tool for genotoxicity assessment. Furthermore, in the context of toxicology guidelines that promote the substitution of assays using animal models with other bioassays, genotoxicity assays using higher plants models have gained in popularity. The present review focuses on three major aspects regarding Triticum aestivum assay - its utility in environmental pollution monitoring, its application in genotoxicity assessment studies, and its application in phytotoxicity evaluation of nanomaterials.   ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

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