scholarly journals Mechanical Properties and Frictional Wear Characteristic of Pure Titanium Treated by Atmospheric Oxidation

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3196
Author(s):  
Tong Chen ◽  
Shinji Koyama ◽  
Shinichi Nishida ◽  
Lihua Yu
Keyword(s):  
High Surface ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Oxidation ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Wear Depth ◽  
Scratch Testing

Pure titanium was treated by atmospheric oxidation, and the effect of the treatment temperature on its performance was studied. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, wear testing, and scratch testing were used to evaluate the performance of the treated specimens. In order to evaluate the difficulty of compound formation during the different processing temperatures, Gibbs free energy was calculated. The experimental results show that the surface hardness of the sample can be improved at a certain oxidation treatment temperature. When the processing temperature is 850 °C, the surface hardness reaches the maximum value. The results of the scratch testing show that the hardened layer produced at this processing temperature has excellent peeling resistance. In addition, the wear depth and wear width are also at their minimum values at this processing temperature. Since the specimen treated at a processing temperature of 850 °C provides sufficiently high surface hardness and wear resistance in this research report, it is considered to be the optimal condition during practical application.

Influence of Nitriding Temperature on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Titanium

2021 ◽  
Vol 1034 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Tong Chen ◽  
Shinji Koyama
Keyword(s):  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Indentation Modulus ◽  
Wear Depth ◽  
Nitriding Temperature ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽  
Comprehensive Properties ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Hardening Treatment

One of the commonly used methods for the surface hardening treatment of pure titanium was nitriding. Based on the study of nitriding temperatures on the properties of the pure titanium, some conclusions can be drawn in this paper. The surface hardness of samples after nitriding was gradually increased firstly and then decreased with the processing temperature increasing. And the hardness of the diffusion layer reached the maximum value of 1792 HV when the processing temperature at 1050°C. At the same temperature, the indentation modulus also reached the maximum value of 270 GPa. The wear depth reached the minimum value at 1050°C. At different nitriding temperatures, the minimum of wear depth was 14.8 μm. In summary, when the processing temperature at 1050°C, the nitriding of pure titanium can improve the comprehensive properties.

Titanium Nitride Modified by Hydrothermal Treatment in Calcium Acetate Solution

2015 ◽  
Vol 815 ◽  
pp. 446-450
Author(s):  
Xing Ling Shi ◽  
Ling Li Xu ◽  
Guang Hong Zhou ◽  
Le Te Bang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Titanium Nitride ◽  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Tin Coating ◽  
Implant Coating

Dental implant made of pure titanium (Ti) has become one important option to restore the function of lost tooth. However, because of insufficient hardness, it is always scratched during oral hygieneprocedures. To improve its surface hardness,titanium nitride (TiN) coating was prepared. Soft tissue - implant interface is important for blocking bacteria invasion, therefore surface modification is necessary to improve biocompatibility of TiN for fibroblasts.In the present study, TiN coating was modified by hydrothermal treatment incalcium acetate (CaAc) solution and effect of hydrothermal treatment temperature was studied. After treatment,calcium (Ca) wassuccessfully combined into TiN surface and the surface morphology, roughness and hardness were not changed below 140 °C. It is expected that, surface modification with Ca by hydrothermal treatment could made TiN a promising dental implant coating.

Structure and Phase Composition of a Ti Film–Al Substrate System Irradiated with an Intense Pulsed Electron Beam

2018 ◽  
Vol 781 ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Yurii Ivanov ◽  
Olga V. Krysina ◽  
Pavel Moskvin ◽  
Elizaveta A. Petrikova ◽  
Olga V. Ivanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Vacuum Arc ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Plasma Cathode ◽  
Commercially Pure

Commercially pure A7 aluminum was exposed to surface modification in a single vacuum cycle which included vacuum arc evaporation and deposition of commercially pure titanium and intense electron beam irradiation and melting of the film–substrate system using a plasma-cathode pulsed electron source. The deposited Ti film thickness was 0.5 and 1 μm. The irradiated Ti–Al system revealed a multilayer multiphase structure consisting of submicro-and nanosized elements with intermetallic inclusions Al3Ti, Al2Ti, and TiAl3. The Ti film during irradiation broke up into fragments with their immersion in the molten Al surface layer to a depth of 20 μm. The modified material surpassed the initial aluminum in wear resistance by a factor of 2.4 and in microhardness by a factor larger than 4. The main cause for the high surface hardness and high wear resistance of the modified aluminum was likely the formation of both the intermetallic particles and the Ti-hardened transition layer.

The Effects of Processing Temperature and Time on the Surface Properties of Plasma Radical Nitrided SCM 440 Steel

2007 ◽  
Vol 124-126 ◽  
pp. 1453-1456
Author(s):  
Insup Lee ◽  
Ik Min Park
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Diffusion Layer ◽  
Diffusion Zone ◽  
Nitrided Layer ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Compound Layer ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Diffusion Depth

Plasma radical nitriding was performed to harden the surface of SCM 440 steel for 1-10 hours at temperature range of 450-550°C. No compound layer was formed during this process except the experiment carried out at 500 for 10 hours. A diffusion depth increased with increasing treatment temperature and time ( up to about 250). The surface hardness of radical nitrided layer was two times higher than that of the untreated surface. The main phase produced in the diffusion zone was identified to be γ΄-Fe4(N,C). The residual stress of the diffusion layer also increased with increasing treatment temperature and time due to the increase of precipitates.

scholarly journals Influence of Oxidation Processing Temperature on the Structure, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Titanium Using Carbon Sheets

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 585
Author(s):  
Tong Chen ◽  
Shinji Koyama ◽  
Shinichi Nishida ◽  
Lihua Yu
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽  
Carbon Sheet ◽  
Worn Surface

Surface processing of pure titanium was performed using a carbon sheet to increase the surface hardness and improve tribological property. The effect of processing temperature (750–950 °C) for 2 h on the structure, mechanical and room-temperature tribological properties of the treated samples was investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and ball-on-disk tribometry, respectively. The Gibbs free energy was also calculated to evaluate the compounds generated at different processing temperatures. As a result of the examination, the hardened layer was mainly composed of titanium oxide and titanium carbide. With the increasing processing temperatures, the thickness of the hardened layer increased first and then decreased gradually. It was also revealed that the surface hardness was increased first and then decreased as the processing temperature increased. The fricative value of the treated samples showed a minimum value of 84.1 dB for a processing temperature of 850 °C. The depth and width of the wear tracks increased first and then decreased gradually with the increasing processing temperatures. The worn surface of the treated samples at higher temperatures showed a very good wear resistance. A processing temperature at 850 °C is considered optimal as it provides sufficiently high hardness and a low coefficient of friction to reduce fricative during practical use.

scholarly journals Improvement of Mechanical, Tribological, and Fricative Reduction Properties of Pure Titanium by Boriding

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4862
Author(s):  
Tong Chen ◽  
Shinji Koyama ◽  
Lihua Yu
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Present Report ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Layer Growth ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hardened Layer Thickness

Surface boriding of pure titanium was performed using dissolved salt impregnation to modify the surface hardness and improve wear performance. The effect of boriding temperature (950–1150 °C) on the microstructure, composition, and room-temperature tribological properties of the borided samples was investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and ball-on-disc tribometry, respectively. Gibbs free energy was also calculated to evaluate the compounds generated during the boriding at different temperatures. After a detailed analysis of the crystal structures and the growth morphologies of TiB, the diffusion mechanisms for B atoms in TiB and TiB2 were discussed in the present report. The boriding temperature had a large effect on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and room-temperature tribological behavior of the borided samples, attributed to the changes in the composition and the increased hardened layer under elevated boriding temperature. The modeling of layer growth kinetics was also discussed in this paper. The actual value of hardened layer thickness was compared to the calculated value, and the difference was analyzed. The fricative value of the borided samples showed a minimum value of 88.9 dB for a boriding temperature of 1050 °C. The depth and width of the wear tracks decreased gradually with increasing boriding temperature. The worn surface of the samples borided at higher temperatures showed very good wear resistance. A boriding condition of 1050 °C was considered optimal, as it provided sufficiently high surface hardness and a low fricative value to reduce vibrations during practical use.

scholarly journals Qualitative Assessment of Wear Resistance and Surface Hardness of Different Commercially Available Dental Porcelain: An in vitro Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 755-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Nagpal ◽  
Gaurav Issar
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Wear Depth ◽  
Ceramic Specimen ◽  
Dental Porcelain

ABSTRACT Introduction In an attempt to minimize wear damage to the enamel of antagonist teeth, new low and medium fusing ceramic materials have been developed. Manufacturers usually claim that these ceramics are wear-friendly because of their lower hardness, lower concentrations of crystal phase, and smaller crystal sizes. This study aimed to quantitatively analyze the wear strength of various commercially available dental porcelain with tooth enamel as well as the surface hardness of these dental porcelain. Materials and methods The basic model was designed as a pin on plate arrangement. The tooth specimens were mounted on the stylus which was centered on the ceramic specimen in a wear testing machine. The dental ceramic specimen was centered in the metal die. A load of 40 N was applied at a rate of 80 cycles/minute for 15 minutes. In the current study, mean wear depth (Ra) value, volumetric loss, and surface hardness were obtained by standard quantification method and were statistically evaluated. Results Ceramco-3 was reported to be most abrasive for enamel; however, Duceram love significantly more abraded itself than the other two, Ceramco-3 and Vita Alpha, and generated the lowest loss of enamel. Also, same abrasive type of wear was revealed for all three variants of tested ceramics. Conclusion Ceramco-3 was the most abrasive for enamel, while surface roughness (mean wear depth) of Duceram love was maximum and for Ceramco-3 it was minimum. The value of surface roughness for Vita Alpha was in between Duceram love and Ceramco-3. Nonetheless, the mean surface hardness of Duceram love was found to be least and maximum for Vita Alpha. Clinical significance In situations of dental wear and wasting tooth disease (Attrition/Abrasion), Duceram can be applied in lieu of Ceramco-3 so as to prevent worsening of existing dentition. However, in younger patients Vita Alpha would offer maximum durability due to its greater surface hardness. How to cite this article Singh A, Nagpal A, Pawah S, Pathak C, Issar G, Sharma P. Qualitative Assessment of Wear Resistance and Surface Hardness of Different Commercially Available Dental Porcelain: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016; 17(9):755-761.

Influence of Oxidation Temperature on Structure and Mechanical Properties of Titanium

2021 ◽  
Vol 324 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Tong Chen ◽  
Shinji Koyama
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Oxidation Temperature ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Indentation Modulus ◽  
Oxidation Condition ◽  
Maximum Value

Surface oxidation of pure titanium was performed in the atmosphere to increase the mechanical properties. The effect of oxidation temperature (650-900°C) for 2 h on the microstructure, composition, and mechanical properties of the treated samples was investigated using X-ray diffraction, hardness tester and indentation modulus tester, respectively. The diffusion rate of oxygen in grade-2 pure Ti with different processing temperatures discussed in present research. Based on a result of the examination, the surface hardness was increased first and then decreased as the processing temperature increased. And when the processing temperature at 850°C, the surface hardness reached the maximum value. In addition, the Young's modulus of the treated samples also showed a maximum value of 198.9 GPa for a processing temperature of 850°C. An oxidation condition of 850°C is considered optimal as it provides sufficiently high hardness during practical use.

NITRODUR 8524

Alloy Digest ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Operating Temperatures

Abstract NITRODUR 8524 (8CrMo16, 1.8524) is one of the Nitrodur family of nitriding steels that are used where high surface hardness and good fatigue strength are required and the material is also subjected to high temperatures. Nitrided surfaces maintain their hardness and strength at operating temperatures of up to approximately 500–550 deg C (932–1022 deg F). This datasheet provides information on composition, hardness, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on surface qualities as well as casting and forming. Filing Code: SA-807. Producer or source: Schmolz + Bickenbach Group.

DEUTSCHE EDELSTAHLWERKE CRYODUR 2067

Alloy Digest ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Work ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Chromium Alloy ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Quench Hardening ◽  
Specialty Steel ◽  
Cold Work Tool Steel

Abstract Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Cryodur 2067 is a high-carbon, 1.5% chromium, alloy cold-work tool steel. In view of its higher hardenability than that of the non-alloy, water-hardening, cold work tool steels, this steel can be oil quenched, a factor that minimizes dimensional changes during quench hardening. Cryodur 2067 is suitable for short run tooling in applications requiring high surface hardness. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: TS-786. Producer or source: Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Specialty Steel.

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