scholarly journals Hydration Properties of Cement with Liquefied Red Mud Neutralized by Nitric Acid

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2641
Author(s):  
Sukpyo Kang ◽  
Hyeju Kang ◽  
Byoungky Lee
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Cement Paste ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Aluminum Production ◽  
Hydration Properties

An increasing amount of red mud (RM) is being generated globally due to the growth in aluminum production. To avoid RM pollution, low-cost methods for effectively recycling RM are being investigated. We propose a method for recycling RM as a construction material. Liquefied RM (LRM) was neutralized by nitric acid and added to cement paste, and the hydration heat, compressive strength, and hydration products were investigated. The cement paste with neutralized LRM had a higher compressive strength than that of plain cement paste and cement paste with LRM without neutralization at 1 day of aging; this indicates that nitric acid neutralization increases the early-age strength. Furthermore, the cement paste with 10% neutralized LRM showed 28 days-compressive strength and hydration heating curves similar to the plain mixture, indicating the positive impact of LRM neutralization on the strength. It was noted that a greater quantity of portlandite was produced earlier in cement paste with neutralized LRM than in that without. Therefore, the proposed method of using RM as a concrete additive has the potential to reduce the cost and environmental impact of both construction materials and RM waste management.

scholarly journals Effects of Adding Neutralized Red Mud on the Hydration Properties of Cement Paste

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4107
Author(s):  
Sukpyo Kang ◽  
Hyeju Kang ◽  
Byoungky Lee
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Cement Paste ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Aluminum Industry ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Heat Of Hydration ◽  
Hydration Properties ◽  
The Aluminum Industry

Red mud is a highly alkaline waste by-product of the aluminum industry. Although recycling of red mud is being actively researched, a feasible technological solution has not been found yet. In this study, we propose that neutralization of red mud alkalinity could assist in its use as a construction material. Neutralized red mud (LRM + S; pH 6–8) was prepared by adding sulfuric acid to liquefied red mud (LRM; pH 10–12). After adding LRM and LRM + S to cement paste, the heat of hydration, compressive strength, and hydration products were examined. The experiments revealed that the calorific value of the cement paste with LRM was low, and its peak was delayed, when compared with that of plain cement paste (referred to as Plain), whereas the calorific value of the cement paste with LRM + S was similar to that of Plain. At the age of 28 d, the compressive strength of the cement paste with 10% LRM + S was 99% whereas that with 20% LRM was only 55% of the strength of Plain. Thus, our results help to resolve the issue of strength degradation of cementitious materials observed upon the addition of red mud and enable its reuse as a construction material.

scholarly journals Effect of ultrafine natural steatite powder, super plasticizer and VMA on the fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting cement paste and mortar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Christopher Gnanaraj ◽  
Ramesh Babu Chokkalingam ◽  
G. Lizia Thankam ◽  
S.K.M. Pothinathan
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Cement Paste ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Mineral Admixture ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Chemical Admixtures ◽  
Hardened Properties ◽  
Viscosity Modifying Admixture

AbstractFor the past few decades innovation in construction material has grown a lot. This leads to special concrete such as self-compacting concrete, geopolymer concrete, self-healing concrete, etc. To prepare a special concrete apart from regular concreting material some sort of special materials was also needed, like mineral and chemical admixtures. Hence it is necessary to study the effect of these admixtures in cement paste and mortar before studying the same in concrete. Hence an attempt is made to study the effect of mineral and chemical admixtures in the fresh and hardened properties of cement paste and mortar. For this study ultrafine natural steatite powder is taken as mineral admixture and polycarboxylic based superplasticizer and glenium stream 2 were taken as chemical admixtures. Ultrafine natural steatite powder was used as additive to cement in various percentages like 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. Superplasticizer and viscosity modifying admixture were taken as 1.5% and 0.5%, respectively. Then various combinations were worked out. To study the fresh property of cement paste consistency, initial setting time and miniature slump cone test were done based on the results yield stress of cement paste also calculated empirically. To study the hardened property compression test on cement mortar was done. Based on the test results it is clear that the addition of ultrafine natural steatite powder increases the water demand hence reduces the workability. On the other hand, it increases the compressive strength up to a certain limit. Adding superplasticizer increases the workability and reduces the water demand and viscosity modifying admixture reduces the bleeding and segregation effects hence increases the compressive strength.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Hollow Compressed Earth Block Stabilized Using Cement, Lime, and Sodium Silicate

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid Edris ◽  
Faris Matalkah ◽  
Bara’ah Rbabah ◽  
Ahmad Abu Sbaih ◽  
Reham Hailat
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Compressed Earth Block ◽  
Earth Block ◽  
Lower Production ◽  
Northern Jordan

Abstract This research aims to produce a Compressed Earth Block (CEB) product using locally available soil collected from northern Jordan. The CEB mixture was further stabilized using Portland cement, lime, and sodium silicate. The research significance is based upon the urgent need of most developing countries (e.g. Jordan, Egypt…etc) to build more durable and low-cost houses by using locally available materials. As a result, CEB was identified as a cheap and environmentally friendly construction material. CEB specimens were thoroughly characterized by studying the mechanical properties and durability characteristics. Blocks of 30 x 15 x 8 cm with two holes of 7.5 cm in diameter have a potential for higher enduring, higher compressive strength, better thermal insulation, and lower production cost. Blocks were manufactured with an addition of 8 % for either Portland cement or lime, as well as 2 % of sodium silicate to the soil. The results showed that the addition of 8 % of cement to the CEB achieves satisfactory results in both mechanical and durability properties. Also, the addition of sodium silicate was found to enhance the early-age compressive strength however it affected negatively the durable properties of blocks by increasing the erosion rate and deterioration when exposed to water.

Performance of Stabilized Earth with Wheat Straw and Slag

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (25) ◽  
pp. 1285-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Benhaoua ◽  
K. Grine ◽  
S. Kenai
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Capillary Absorption ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Local Soil

ABSTRACTStabilized earth is a very ancient material that has been used in many countries as a low cost, environment friendly construction material. However, its durability under humid environments is low. Stabilization using cement, lime and natural fibres could enhance its durability and lowers the risk of cracking. This paper presents an experimental investigation into the performance of stabilised local soil by either, cement mixed with a proportion of granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) /or straw naturel fibres. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS), shrinkage, wetting and drying, capillary absorption and thermal conductivity tests were performed on both untreated soil samples and stabilised soil samples. The results show that stabilising the soil with cement and GBFS increased both compressive strength, durability, thermal conductivity and decreased the capillary absorption and the shrinkage. The addition of natural wheat fibres increased the capillary absorption but leads to a decrease in the thermal conductivity and to a further reduction in the shrinkage and hence a better insulating less prone to cracking material.

Rapid Prototyping of Full Scale House Structures

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangju Lee ◽  
Eberhard Bamberg ◽  
Charles Eason
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Good Surface ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Good Surface Finish ◽  
Aerated Concrete ◽  
Cutting Speeds

This paper reports on the machining of a construction material (aerated concrete) with a rapid prototyping device, Shapemaker III, which is based on waterjet technology. Preliminary machining tests were carried out to investigate machining conditions (speed and pressure) of separation cuts. Cutting speeds for the waterjet were investigated for two aerated concrete construction materials; autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) in two strengths (348 and 580 psi compressive strength) and a non-autoclaved, fiber reinforced aerated concrete (FRAC) with a 450 psi compressive strength. Cutting samples were prepared in four thicknesses (0.5, 1, 2, and 3 inches) and cut at two pressures (40 and 60 ksi). The 0.5 and 1 inch specimens were cut with good surface finish at over 600 in/min at 40 ksi. The 2 and 3 inch specimens could be cut at 320 and 80 in/min at 40 ksi, respectively. The experimental data was used in the fabrication of rapid prototyping houses with a pure waterjet machine. As results, full scale houses were fabricated with FRAC and Styrofoam. Additionally, a sub-mold of an outdoor fireplace was manufactured with Styrofoam for casting of customized aerated concrete blocks.

Synthesis and Characterization of Red Mud and Sawdust Based Geopolymer Composites as Potential Construction Material

2018 ◽  
Vol 923 ◽  
pp. 130-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ing Kong ◽  
Kay Min Khoo ◽  
Oliver Buddrick ◽  
Abdul Aziz Baharuddin ◽  
Pooria Khalili
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
Geopolymer Composites

The aim of this study was to synthesize the geopolymer composites formed by two industrial wastes, namely red mud (RM) and saw dust (SD). SD was chemically treated with alkali for the removal of lignin and subsequently bleached, before forming composite with acid-modified RM. The composites were then characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetic analysis (TGA) and universal testing machine to study the morphology, chemical, thermal and mechanical properties. The FTIR spectrum showed that Si and Al from the raw materials played the major role in forming aluminosilicate geopolymer composites. The SEM images revealed that SD and RM particles aggregated to form fully condensed geopolymer matrices with high compressive strength of 8.3-138 MPa, which were comparable to Portland cement (compressive strength of 9-20.7 MPa).

scholarly journals Structural Characteristics of Developed Sustainable Lime-Straw Composite

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 2587-2597
Author(s):  
Sajid Kamil Zemam ◽  
Sa'ad Fahad Resan ◽  
Musab Sabah Abed
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Hemp Fiber ◽  
Environmental Friendliness

Construction materials made of renewable resources have promising potential given their low cost, availability, and environmental friendliness. Although hemp fibers are the most extensively used fiber in the eco-friendly building sector, their unavailability hinders their application in Iraq. This study aimed to overcome the absence of hemp fiber in Iraq and develop a new sustainable construction material, strawcrete, by using wheat straw and traditional lime as the base binder. A comparable method of developing hempcrete was established. The experimental program adopted novel Mixing Sequence Techniques (MSTs), which depended on changing the sequence of mixed material with fixed proportions. The orientation of the applied load and the specimen’s aspect ratio were also studied. The mixing proportion was 4:1:1 (fiber/binder/water) by volume. Results showed that the developed strawcrete had a dry unit weight ranging from 645 kg/m3 to 734 kg/m3 and a compressive strength ranging from 1.8 MPa to 3.8 MPa. The enhanced physical and strength properties varied with the MST and loading orientation. The properties of the developed hempcrete were compared with those of strawcrete.

scholarly journals Waste Management Technique Applied in the Preparation of Bio Concrete Material

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 9226-9230
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Due to Modernization and urbanization constructing industries are fast growing also it leading to high demand of constructing materials because of expensive prices, and for the construction industry, usage of steel is currently limited heavily Many studies have been carried out to identify highly available, low cost innovative material to use in construction industry as a solution to meet the ever increasing demand for raw material. Bamboo was used as a construction material as a coarse aggregate, steel reinforcement. Bamboo has a higher compressive strength than wood, brick, or concrete and a tensile strength that rivals steel. water absorption in bamboo was the main problem used for construction .because The durability of the concrete is largely affected by absorption of water. Also poly ethylene bags are widely used in the country and its disposal after use causes more problems ,Mismanaged waste of polyethylene bags is the current threatening to the environment this waste is largely availbe its abundant high resistance to insects, fungi, animals, as well as molds, mildew, rot and many chemicals. In this study cubic bamboo was used as a coarse aggregate and it was coated with the waste LDPE bag melt ,as one of the coating material and other one is neem oil.and it was investigated to find the water absorption and turbidity, antifungal activity and compressive strength some other parameters in bamboo material with coatings it was observed that compared to untreated bamboo the polyethylenene coated bamboo material shows reduction in water absorption level and turbity.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Concrete Containing Liquefied Red Mud Subjected to Uniaxial Compression Loads

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyeongcheol Choe ◽  
Sukpyo Kang ◽  
Hyeju Kang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Peak Strain ◽  
Cement Type ◽  
Mixing Method ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study used liquefied red mud (RM) sludge, an aluminum industry by-product, as a construction material. Accordingly, various methods were examined that used the fabricated liquefied red mud (LRM) as an admixture for concrete, and the mechanical properties of concrete were then evaluated according to the cement type and the amount of LRM. The LRM mixing methods (replacement and addition) were compared, and the slump and compressive strengths of concrete were evaluated for each method. To examine the mechanical properties according to the cement type and the amount of LRM, two types of cement (ordinary Portland cement and slag cement (SC)) were used, and 20 and 40 wt% LRM (with respect to the cement weight) were added. The mechanical properties of the stress–strain curve (SSC), compressive strength, peak strain, and elastic modulus were quantified. When the slump and compressive strength of concrete were considered based on the experimental results, the addition LRM mixing method was recommended as the appropriate method for LRM. As the addition of LRM increased, the mechanical properties of concrete degraded. However, when SC was used, the mechanical properties did not significantly change when different amounts of LRM were added (up to 20%). In addition, the SSC of LRM concrete could be approximated based on the use of the relationship of the compressive strength and peak strain according to the cement type and the amount of LRM.

Strength Performance of Sustainable Mortar Containing Recycle Sewage Sludge Ash (SSA)

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
NURUL NAZIERAH MOHD YUSRI ◽  
KARTINI KAMARUDDIN ◽  
HAMIDAH MOHD SAMAN ◽  
NURAINI TUTUR
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Sewage Sludge Ash ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Sludge Ash ◽  
Almost All

Sewage sludge is a by-product generated within the wastewater treatment process. Severe concern arised as the sludge are massively been dumped to the landfill and it may affect the environment. Many studies had been conducted in reusing the sewage sludge as construction material, where it is one of the optional ways to solve the issue. In this study, dried sewage sludge was incinerated with two different temperatures in order to produce sewage sludge ash (SSA), which are 800°C and 1000°C. After few processes, this SSA then reused in mortar as cement replacement with the replacement percentage of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight. The strength performance of mortar specimens was investigated after 7, 28, 60 and 90 days of curing. From the results, it is clearly showed that the compressive strength of all mortar specimens increased when the period of curing was prolonged. Moreover, almost all compressive strength of SSA mortars was higher than the control mortar. Therefore, there is potential to reuse this waste material as part of construction materials and hence, its plays an important role for future researches in minimisation of waste.

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