Performance of Stabilized Earth with Wheat Straw and Slag

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (25) ◽  
pp. 1285-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Benhaoua ◽  
K. Grine ◽  
S. Kenai
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Capillary Absorption ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Local Soil

ABSTRACTStabilized earth is a very ancient material that has been used in many countries as a low cost, environment friendly construction material. However, its durability under humid environments is low. Stabilization using cement, lime and natural fibres could enhance its durability and lowers the risk of cracking. This paper presents an experimental investigation into the performance of stabilised local soil by either, cement mixed with a proportion of granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) /or straw naturel fibres. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS), shrinkage, wetting and drying, capillary absorption and thermal conductivity tests were performed on both untreated soil samples and stabilised soil samples. The results show that stabilising the soil with cement and GBFS increased both compressive strength, durability, thermal conductivity and decreased the capillary absorption and the shrinkage. The addition of natural wheat fibres increased the capillary absorption but leads to a decrease in the thermal conductivity and to a further reduction in the shrinkage and hence a better insulating less prone to cracking material.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Hollow Compressed Earth Block Stabilized Using Cement, Lime, and Sodium Silicate

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid Edris ◽  
Faris Matalkah ◽  
Bara’ah Rbabah ◽  
Ahmad Abu Sbaih ◽  
Reham Hailat
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Compressed Earth Block ◽  
Earth Block ◽  
Lower Production ◽  
Northern Jordan

Abstract This research aims to produce a Compressed Earth Block (CEB) product using locally available soil collected from northern Jordan. The CEB mixture was further stabilized using Portland cement, lime, and sodium silicate. The research significance is based upon the urgent need of most developing countries (e.g. Jordan, Egypt…etc) to build more durable and low-cost houses by using locally available materials. As a result, CEB was identified as a cheap and environmentally friendly construction material. CEB specimens were thoroughly characterized by studying the mechanical properties and durability characteristics. Blocks of 30 x 15 x 8 cm with two holes of 7.5 cm in diameter have a potential for higher enduring, higher compressive strength, better thermal insulation, and lower production cost. Blocks were manufactured with an addition of 8 % for either Portland cement or lime, as well as 2 % of sodium silicate to the soil. The results showed that the addition of 8 % of cement to the CEB achieves satisfactory results in both mechanical and durability properties. Also, the addition of sodium silicate was found to enhance the early-age compressive strength however it affected negatively the durable properties of blocks by increasing the erosion rate and deterioration when exposed to water.

scholarly journals Waste Management Technique Applied in the Preparation of Bio Concrete Material

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 9226-9230
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Due to Modernization and urbanization constructing industries are fast growing also it leading to high demand of constructing materials because of expensive prices, and for the construction industry, usage of steel is currently limited heavily Many studies have been carried out to identify highly available, low cost innovative material to use in construction industry as a solution to meet the ever increasing demand for raw material. Bamboo was used as a construction material as a coarse aggregate, steel reinforcement. Bamboo has a higher compressive strength than wood, brick, or concrete and a tensile strength that rivals steel. water absorption in bamboo was the main problem used for construction .because The durability of the concrete is largely affected by absorption of water. Also poly ethylene bags are widely used in the country and its disposal after use causes more problems ,Mismanaged waste of polyethylene bags is the current threatening to the environment this waste is largely availbe its abundant high resistance to insects, fungi, animals, as well as molds, mildew, rot and many chemicals. In this study cubic bamboo was used as a coarse aggregate and it was coated with the waste LDPE bag melt ,as one of the coating material and other one is neem oil.and it was investigated to find the water absorption and turbidity, antifungal activity and compressive strength some other parameters in bamboo material with coatings it was observed that compared to untreated bamboo the polyethylenene coated bamboo material shows reduction in water absorption level and turbity.

Properties of Compressed Interlock Earth Blocks Manufactured from Locally Available Lateritic Soil for Low Cost Housing Projects

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
Dissanayake Dmdok
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Cement Content ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Housing Projects ◽  
Earth Blocks ◽  
Low Cost Housing ◽  
Compaction Ratio

This investigation was carried out to identify the engineering properties of compressed interlock earth blocks manufactured from locally available lateritic soil and introduce to use the manufactured soil blocks to minimize the material and finishing cost for the low cost housing projects. The soil samples used in this study were well-graded lateritic sandy soil which has the composition of 1.9% gravel, 94% sand and 4.1% silt / clay. These soil samples were passed through the 100-mesh sieve and mixed with ordinary Portland cement to prepare the admixture. While compressing through a hydraulics jack by varying the compositions and the volume of soil-cement admixtures, compaction soil blocks were manufactured in a locally fabricated 250 mm x125 mm x100 mm standard steel mould. The manufactured soil blocks allowed to cure while spraying small quantity of water and covering with polythene for 28 days. Average compressive strengths of soil blocks made with 5% cement with 1.6:1 and 1.8:1 volume compactions were 1.3 Mpa and 1.9 Mpa, respectively. However, both compressive strength values were less than the standard limits of 2.8 MPa stated in SLS 1382:2009, local standards for soil blocks used for construction industry. However, soil blocks made with 10% cement under same compaction ratios attained compressive strengths of 3.0 MPa and 3.6 MPa respectively and it is above the required standards limits. However, 15% and 20% cement containing earth blocks have much higher compressive strengths but increase the cost of production. Regression analysis results confirmed the strong correlation between cement content and the compressive strength of the soil bricks. The soil bricks manufactured with more than 12.06% cement soil mix by maintaining compaction ratio into 1.6:1 or Soil bricks manufactured with more than 5.16% cement mix by maintaining compaction ratio into 1.8:1 will produce standards soil bricks for construction industry and these results further confirmed that wet and dry compressive strength of soil bricks will increase with increasing the compaction ratio and the cement content. However, when considering the compressive strength, water absorption level and cost effectiveness, soil bricks manufactured by maintaining compaction ratio into 1.8:1 with more than 5.16% cement mix will produce required standards cost effective soil bricks for construction industry.

Properties of Crumb Rubber Mixed in Local Thailand Soil Cement Brick Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 821-822 ◽  
pp. 1271-1276
Author(s):  
Weerapol Namboonruang ◽  
Rattanakorn Rawangkul ◽  
Wanchai Yodsudjai ◽  
Nutthanan Suphadon ◽  
Anucha Boongurd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
Soil Cement ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Rubber Particles ◽  
The Matrix

This work presents a study on the investigation of recycled waste tyre (crumb rubber) as aggregate in the combination of local soil-cement brick. The purpose is to develop a lightweight brick with low thermal conductivity that can produce as low cost materials in local area of Thailand. The different amount of crumb rubber particles at 0, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 40% were replaced to local Ratchaburi soil by weight and then mixed with a constant of Portland cement content at 10%. The mechanical properties were studied and indicated that a significant reduction in sample unit weight, there by resulting in a reduction of compressive strength and flexural strength. The results show that the presence of air voids and crumb rubber particles in the matrix can increase the water absorption but decrease the thermal conductivity. However, according to ASTM indicates that this hybrid material can be used as non-load bearing concrete masonry units (2.45 MPa) and is also suitable for construction as low cost and low energy consumption house in Thailand.

Experimental Study on HMPE Fiber Reinforced Concrete

2012 ◽  
Vol 598 ◽  
pp. 336-340
Author(s):  
Hisen Hua Lee ◽  
Yen Shuo Chen ◽  
Chi Wen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Fiber Material ◽  
Reinforce Concrete ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Fiber Reinforced

Abstract. Concrete as a most popular construction material has many advantages such as easiness to be formed into various shapes, common availability and relative low cost. However, the low tensile strength and brittleness are disadvantages for wider application of the material. In this study, an advanced material of high strength and strong abrasion resistance HMPE fiber was used to reinforce concrete properties. A series of experimental testing were carried out to examine the properties of both fresh and hardened HMPE fiber reinforced concrete. It was found that the addition of an HMPE fiber material in concrete may enhance its compressive strength as high as 20% increment without water-reducing admixture. If a water-reducing admixture was applied, the increment of compressive strength may reach as high as 25% for 1.5% volume ratio of fiber contained in concrete.

scholarly journals Hydration Properties of Cement with Liquefied Red Mud Neutralized by Nitric Acid

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2641
Author(s):  
Sukpyo Kang ◽  
Hyeju Kang ◽  
Byoungky Lee
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Cement Paste ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Aluminum Production ◽  
Hydration Properties

An increasing amount of red mud (RM) is being generated globally due to the growth in aluminum production. To avoid RM pollution, low-cost methods for effectively recycling RM are being investigated. We propose a method for recycling RM as a construction material. Liquefied RM (LRM) was neutralized by nitric acid and added to cement paste, and the hydration heat, compressive strength, and hydration products were investigated. The cement paste with neutralized LRM had a higher compressive strength than that of plain cement paste and cement paste with LRM without neutralization at 1 day of aging; this indicates that nitric acid neutralization increases the early-age strength. Furthermore, the cement paste with 10% neutralized LRM showed 28 days-compressive strength and hydration heating curves similar to the plain mixture, indicating the positive impact of LRM neutralization on the strength. It was noted that a greater quantity of portlandite was produced earlier in cement paste with neutralized LRM than in that without. Therefore, the proposed method of using RM as a concrete additive has the potential to reduce the cost and environmental impact of both construction materials and RM waste management.

scholarly journals Study on the Suitability of Soils in Ilu Aba Bora Zone for Hydraform Block Production for Low Cost Construction

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beneyam Neguse Furgasa ◽  
Fadilu Shafi Jote ◽  
Natnael Bekele Tilahun
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Clay Brick ◽  
Control Block ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Problem Laboratory

Due to a high construction material cost in Ethiopia, it is difficult to afford a shelter by most our peoples. The Hydra form block (HFB) has been identified as low-cost building material with its potential and possibility to reverse the housing problem. Laboratory tests were conducted on Mettu, Nopa, Gore, and Hurumu areas soil. Using hydra form machine with average mold size of 29*14*10cm, hydra form blocks were casted with the three percentages increment of cement. Compressive strength and water absorption tests were conducted at 28 days. The investigation has revealed that all the soil sample except Gore soil have significant characteristics that make it suitable for stabilization with recommended soil properties. From the experimental study, all the blocks except blocks produced with Gore soil have 28th day compressive strength values well above most of the recommended minimum values. Water absorption was less than the maximum limit of 15%. But, for control block and for stabilized with 3% cement, water absorption result is out of the recommended values (0-15) %. The cost comparison of Hydra form blocks with hollow concrete block and fired clay brick shows that the Hydra form block is cheapest walling material in terms of production cost and a typical hydra form block production center can create a job for more than 50 peoples.

scholarly journals Stabilization/Solidification of Zinc- and Lead-Contaminated Soil Using Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3): An Environmentally Friendly Alternative

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vemula Anand Reddy ◽  
Chandresh H. Solanki ◽  
Shailendra Kumar ◽  
Krishna R. Reddy ◽  
Yan-Jun Du
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Untreated Soil ◽  
Calcined Clay

Due to increased carbon emissions, the use of low-carbon and low-cost cementitious materials that are sustainable and effective are gaining considerable attention recently for the stabilization/solidification (S/S) of contaminated soils. The current study presents the laboratory investigation of low-carbon/cost cementitious material known as limestone-calcined clay cement (LC3) for the potential S/S of Zn- and Pb-contaminated soils. The S/S performance of the LC3 binder on Zn- and Pb-contaminated soil was determined via pH, compressive strength, toxicity leaching, chemical speciation, and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analyses. The results indicate that immobilization efficiency of Zn and Pb was solely dependent on the pH of the soil. In fact, with the increase in the pH values after 14 days, the compressive strength was increased to 2.5–3 times compared to untreated soil. The S/S efficiency was approximately 88% and 99%, with increase in the residual phases up to 67% and 58% for Zn and Pb, respectively, after 28 days of curing. The increase in the immobilization efficiency and strength was supported by the XRPD analysis in forming insoluble metals hydroxides such as zincwoodwardite, shannonite, portlandite, haturite, anorthite, ettringite (Aft), and calcite. Therefore, LC3 was shown to offer green and sustainable remediation of Zn- and Pb-contaminated soils, while the treated soil can also be used as safe and environmentally friendly construction material.

Study of the Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Sisal and Polypropylene Fibers

2015 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
Sergio Martínez-Martínez ◽  
Francisco A. Corpas-Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Fresh Concrete ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Capillary Absorption ◽  
Different Types

Fiber concretes have been revolutionizing the market, as well as lower operating costs, structurally act. The total or partial replacement of steel with natural fiber reinforced concrete could be an economical way to provide an alternative method to achieve greater security in concrete structures, as well as a way to use materials that are energy efficient, economic and ecological.Sisal fiber reinforcement is promising for use in composite materials, due to their low cost, low density, high strength and specific modulus, without risk to health, readily available in some countries and renewal.We studied four different dosages of concrete: without fiber, with two different types of polypropylene (PP) fibers and with sisal fiber. Consistency of fresh concrete, bulk density, water absorption, capillary absorption, compressive strength and microstructural properties values of the samples were investigated.Regarding the consistency of fresh concrete, measured by testing Abrams cone, as the results show a substantial difference between the flowability of the concrete without addition of fibers and other dosages with different types of fibers studied. The compressive strength test at 7 and 21 days also shows resistance as early ages performed fiber, while with increasing days of curing, the resistance becomes a reaction product of cement and pozzolanic water have no effect added fiber. Absorption tests and capillary absorption of water, like the above, consistent with the results shown bibliographic polled, the results being higher in both assays for dosages comprised of PP and sisal fibers.

scholarly journals Mechanical properties of papercrete

2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 02016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harith Zaki ◽  
Iqbal Gorgis ◽  
Shakir Salih
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Splitting Tensile Strength ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Sustainable Building

This paper studies the uses, of waste paper as an additional material in concrete mixes. Papercrete is a term as the name seems, to imply a mixture of paper and concrete. It is a new, composite material using waste paper, as a partial addition of Portland cement, and is a sustainable, building material due to, reduced amount of waste paper being put to use. It gains, latent strength due to presence of hydrogen bonds in microstructure of paper. Papercrete has been, reported to be a low cost alternative, building construction, material and has, good sound absorption, and thermal insulation; to be a lightweight and fire-resistant material. The percent of waste paper used (after treating) namely (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) by weight of cement to explore the mechanical properties of the mixes (compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, density), as compared with references mixes, it was found that fresh properties affected significantly by increasing the waste paper content. The compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength and density got decreased with increase in the percentage of paper.

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