scholarly journals Effect of Neutron Irradiation on the Mechanical Properties, Swelling and Creep of Austenitic Stainless Steels

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2622
Author(s):  
Malcolm Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Rate Theory ◽  
Fast Reactors ◽  
Internal Structures

Austenitic stainless steels are used for core internal structures in sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFRs) and light-water reactors (LWRs) because of their high strength and retained toughness after irradiation (up to 80 dpa in LWRs), unlike ferritic steels that are embrittled at low doses (<1 dpa). For fast reactors, operating temperatures vary from 400 to 550 °C for the internal structures and up to 650 °C for the fuel cladding. The internal structures of the LWRs operate at temperatures between approximately 270 and 320 °C although some parts can be hotter (more than 400 °C) because of localised nuclear heating. The ongoing operability relies on being able to understand and predict how the mechanical properties and dimensional stability change over extended periods of operation. Test reactor irradiations and power reactor operating experience over more than 50 years has resulted in the accumulation of a large amount of data from which one can assess the effects of irradiation on the properties of austenitic stainless steels. The effect of irradiation on the intrinsic mechanical properties (strength, ductility, toughness, etc.) and dimensional stability derived from in- and out-reactor (post-irradiation) measurements and tests will be described and discussed. The main observations will be assessed using radiation damage and gas production models. Rate theory models will be used to show how the microstructural changes during irradiation affect mechanical properties and dimensional stability.

Application of Physical Simulation for Developing New Steel Types

2008 ◽  
Vol 575-578 ◽  
pp. 1002-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Pentti Karjalainen ◽  
Mahesh C. Somani ◽  
Atef S. Hamada
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Physical Simulation ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Austenitic Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Modelling Studies ◽  
Electron Microscopes

Processing of a large number of novel steel types, such as DP, TRIP, CP and TWIP, and high-strength low-carbon bainitic and martensitic DQ-T steels, have been developed based on physical simulation and modelling studies. Among stainless steels, guidelines for processing of ultra-fine grained austenitic stainless steels have been created. Physical simulation has been used by employing a Gleeble thermo-mechanical simulator to reveal the phenomena occurring in the hot rolling stage (the flow resistance, recrystallization kinetics and microstructure evolution), and in the cooling stage (CCT diagrams) for carbon steels and in short-term annealing of cold rolled metastable austenitic steels. Connecting these data with microstructures examined in optical and electron microscopes and resultant mechanical properties have improved the understanding on complex phenomena occurring in the processing of these steels and the role of numerous process variables in the optimization of enhanced mechanical properties.

Selection of Metal Electrodes for and Effect of Welding Treatment on Hardness and Microstructure of Some Type of Austenitic Stainless Steels

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Ibrahim ◽  
H. G. Mohamed ◽  
Y. E. Tawfik
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Plate Thickness ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Aisi 304L ◽  
Stress Relieving ◽  
Selection Of

Austenitic stainless steels have been the focus of considerable research recently because of their high strength, good ductility, excellent corrosion resistance and a reasonable weldability. These properties make austenitic stainless steels attractive candidate materials for use in the fabrication of piping systems, automotive exhaust gas systems and in a variety of equipment associated with the chemical and nuclear power industries. PWHT is a stress relieving process whereby residual stresses are reduced by typically heating to 550–650 °C for a set time depending upon plate thickness. The effect of PWHT on mechanical properties such as hardness, ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, impact energy and ductile to brittle transition temperature are of great concern to the pressure vessel industry and pressure vessel codes. This paper reports on the effect of multiple PWHT on hardness and microstructure of austenitic stainless steels. The 6 mm AISI 304L, 316L, and 347 austenitic stainless steels were used for this work. This welds were produced by SMAW and GTAW techniques using a single vee preparation and multiple weld beads, and welded by various types of consumables. Selection of a suitable consumables metals for joining those weldment sample joints are an important criterion in view of the differences in physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of the base materials involved.

scholarly journals Improvement of Strength and Impact Toughness for Cold-Worked Austenitic Stainless Steels Using a Surface-Cracking Technique

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwangyoon Kim ◽  
Minha Park ◽  
Jaeho Jang ◽  
Hyoung Kim ◽  
Hyoung-Seok Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Surface Cracks ◽  
Surface Cracking ◽  
Cold Worked ◽  
The Impact

For cryogenic applications, materials must be cautiously selected because of a drastic degradation in the mechanical properties of materials when they are exposed to very low temperatures. We have developed a new technique using a cold-working and surface-cracking process to overcome such degradation of mechanical properties at low temperatures. This technique intentionally induced surface-cracks in cold-worked austenitic stainless steels and resulted in a significant increase in both strength and fracture at low temperatures. According to the microstructure observations, dissipation of the crack propagation energy with surface-cracks enhanced the impact toughness, showing a ductile fracture mode in even the cryogenic temperature region. In particular, we obtained the high strength and toughness materials by a surface-cracking technique at 5% cold-worked specimen with surface-cracks.

ALZ 316

Alloy Digest ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Heat Treating

Abstract ALZ 316 is an austenitic stainless steel with good formability, corrosion resistance, toughness, and mechanical properties. It is the basic grade of the stainless steels, containing 2 to 3% molybdenum. After the 304 series, the molybdenum-containing stainless steels are the most widely used austenitic stainless steels. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SS-756. Producer or source: ALZ nv.

AVESTA SHEFFIELD SAF 2507

Alloy Digest ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Very High

Abstract Avesta Sheffield SAF 2507 is an austenitic/ferritic duplex stainless steel with very high strength. The alloy has a lower coefficient of thermal expansion and a higher thermal conductivity than austenitic stainless steels. The alloy has a high resistance to pitting, crevice, and general corrosion; it has a very high resistance to chloride stress-corrosion cracking. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SS-652. Producer or source: Avesta Sheffield Inc.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE METALLURGICAL PARAMETERS EFFECT ON TENSILE PROPERTIES IN AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Di Schino ◽  
Maria Richetta
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Aisi 304 ◽  
Solid Solution Strengthening ◽  
Cold Rolling And Annealing

<p>Even if relations predicting the mechanical properties on bars of austenitic stainless steels are already available, but no systematic works was carried out in order to predict mechanical properties in after cold rolling and annealing.   The tensile properties of a large number of cold rolled and annealed AISI 304 stainless steel are here correlated with their chemical composition and microstructure. Quantitative effects of various strengthening mechanisms such as grain size, d– ferrite content and solid solution strengthening by both interstitial and substitutional solutes are described. Interstitial solutes have by far the greatest strengthening effect and, among the substitutional solutes, the ferrite – stabilising elements have a greater effect than the austenite – stabilising elements. Regression equations are developed which predict with good accuracy the proof stress and tensile strength in AISI 304 stainless steels.</p>

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