scholarly journals Microstructural Analysis of Fractured Orthopedic Implants

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2209
Author(s):  
Mateusz Kopec ◽  
Adam Brodecki ◽  
Grzegorz Szczęsny ◽  
Zbigniew L. Kowalewski
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fracture Behavior ◽  
Locking Plate ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Mechanical Loads ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this paper, fracture behavior of four types of implants with different geometries (pure titanium locking plate, pure titanium femoral implant, Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy pelvic implant, X2CrNiMo18 14-3 steel femoral implant) was studied in detail. Each implant fractured in the human body. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the potential cause of implants fracture. It was found that the implants fracture mainly occurred in consequence of mechanical overloads resulting from repetitive, prohibited excessive limb loads or singular, un-intendent, secondary injures. Among many possible loading types, the implants were subjected to an excessive fatigue loads with additional interactions caused by screws that were mounted in their threaded holes. The results of this work enable to conclude that the design of orthopedic implants is not fully sufficient to transduce mechanical loads acting over them due to an increasing weight of treated patients and much higher their physical activity.

Precursors Influence on CaCu3Ti4O12 Synthesis

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1313-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Virginia Gelfuso ◽  
Gabriel Moreira Lima ◽  
Daniel Thomazini
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Copper Nitrate ◽  
N Powder ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this work CCTO have been synthesized in two different chemical precursors: calcium hydroxide and copper sulfate were used to compose CCTO-S powder while calcium carbonate and copper nitrate were used to form CCTO-N powder. Calcinations conditions were dramatically different in terms of shelf time and temperature. The CCTO phase was fully obtained for 3 hours of calcination in CCTO-N against the 24 hours to form the same phase in CCTO-S powder. Ceramic bodies densities values for CCTO-S samples were 95% of theoretical density (5.05 g/cm3) and 98% for CCTO-N. The dielectric constant, at room temperature, was obtained for ceramics processed by two routes. Microstructural analysis was conducted by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and it was performed to explain the dielectric constant differences between CCTO-S and CCTO-N ceramics.

scholarly journals Fabrication and Physico-Chemical Properties of Antifungal Samarium Doped Hydroxyapatite Thin Films

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1466
Author(s):  
Carmen Steluta Ciobanu ◽  
Daniela Predoi ◽  
Patrick Chapon ◽  
Mihai Valentin Predoi ◽  
Simona Liliana Iconaru
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Scanning Electron

Samarium doped hydroxyapatite (Ca10−xSmx(PO4)6(OH)2, xSm = 0.5, 50SmHAp) is a very promising candidate to be used for different coatings in various dental and orthopedic implants. We report, for the first time, the obtaining of 50SmHAp thin films by a cost-effective method, namely spin coating. Thin films of 50SmHAp on silicon substrate have been analyzed by various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Metallographic microscopy and Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy (GDOES). The stability of 50SmHAp suspension was evaluated by ultrasound measurements. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were also used to evaluate the 50SmHAp suspension. The antifungal activity of 50SmHAp suspension and coatings was assessed using Candida albicans ATCC 10231 fungal strain (C. albicans). The results of the antifungal assays depicted that both 50SmHAp suspensions and coatings were effective in inhibiting the development of C. albicans fungal cells, thus making them ideal candidates for the development of novel antifungal agents. The obtained results give new perspective for possible applications of 50SmHAp thin films in various medical applications due to their antifungal properties.

Investigation of the weldability of AISI304 and AISI1030 steels welded by friction welding

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
Tanju Teker ◽  
Eyyüp Murat Karakurt ◽  
Murat Özabaci ◽  
Yaşar Güleryüz
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Friction Welding ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Fracture Behavior ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Weld Strength ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, the effect of rotational speed on the microstructure and weldability of AISI1030 steel and AISI304 stainless steel welded by friction welding method were investigated experimentally. The weld joints were manufactured with rotational speed (1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, and 2000 rev/min.), friction pressure (40 MPa), forging pressure (60 MPa), forging time (4 s), and friction time (6 s). After the FW process, the microstructures of the weld interfaces were analyzed by optic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, elemental mapping, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Moreover, the weld strength was analyzed by tensile test, and the fracture behavior was investigated with scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that increased rotational speed had a significant effect on the microstructure and weldability.

scholarly journals Microstructure Analysis of Magnesium Alloy Electrodes in Seawater Batteries

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-248
Author(s):  
Rezza Ruzuqi ◽  
Victor Danny Waas ◽  
Muhammad Ali Ulath
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Scanning Electron

Microstructural analysis has been performed on magnesium alloy electrodes, the material used for saltwater lantern batteries. This research aims to obtain detailed and accurate information needed to support the analysis of magnesium alloy corrosion resistance caused by the electrolysis process using various analytical methods in SEM(Scanning Electron Microscopy). It is a tool that uses an electron beam to display the surface structure and composition of a test material. The test carried out on this magnesium alloy electrode is to crush the electrode into a fine powder. Then the powder is put into a container for SEM-EDS testing. Magnifications start from 1,000xuntil 15,000x. The results showed that the greater the magnification on the microscope, the more it was seen that the lumps looked brittle. Then on the surface of the magnesium alloy electrodes, 58.00 wt% magnesium material is contained.

scholarly journals Microstructural Analysis of Concrete Using Cow Bone Ash for Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) Suppression

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Adanikin Ariyo ◽  
Funsho Falade ◽  
Adewale Olutaiwo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Alkali Silica Reaction ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Cow Bone ◽  
Scanning Electron

Concrete pavements are prone to microstructural changes and deterioration when exposed to Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR). ASR results in strength reduction, cracking, spalling and other defects in the concrete if left unchecked. Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) such as Cow Bone Ash (CBA) however can be used to improve concrete performance, hence its use in this study. Concrete samples were prepared at replacement levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30% of cement with Cow Bone Ash. The concrete samples were then subjected to petrographic and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. Petrographic examination shows that the minimal and least amount of ASR gels and micro cracking were observed at 15% CBA replacement of cement in the concrete samples. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis shows that changes in the elemental composition of the concrete samples is related to the effect of CBA which enhances adhesion in the concrete. SEM analysis show that, in general, the change in microstructure in the concrete was mainly due to the change in the arrangement of the C-H-S compounds. The microstructure analysis indicates that CBA in concrete influences the densification of the concrete at the transition zone, resulting in a much lower porosity. This results in the concrete having a tightly bound layer that repels ingress of water and thereby inhibiting cracks and gel formation as water is a contributing factor to the ASR in concrete.

scholarly journals Interface Microstructure and Nanoindentation Characterization of Laser Offset Welded 5052 Aluminum to Press-Hardened Steel Using a Brass Interlayer

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobing Cao ◽  
Xiongfeng Zhou ◽  
Zhou Li ◽  
Zhi Luo ◽  
Ji’an Duan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fracture Behavior ◽  
Hardened Steel ◽  
Interface Microstructure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Laser offset welding of 5052 aluminum to press-hardened steel using a brass interlayer was carried out. The cross-sectioned macrostructure and tensile strength were governed by varying the thickness of the brass interlayer. The maximum tensile strength reached 56.4 MPa when the thickness of brass interlayer was 0.05 mm. Subsequently, the interface microstructure, the nanoindentation characterization, and the fracture behavior were evaluated experimentally by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), and micro-X-ray diffraction (micro-XRD), respectively. It was found that the intermetallic compound (IMC) layer at the interface consisted of an Fe2Al5 layer and an FeAl layer, and the estimated nanohardness of Fe2Al5, FeAl, and Fe3Al were 16.11 GPa, 9.48 GPa, and 4.13 GPa, respectively. The fracture of the joint with the 0.05 mm brass interlayer was a mixture of cleavage fracture and intergranular fracture, while that of the joint with the 0.1 mm brass interlayer exhibited the characterization of a major dendrite arm, leaving a metallurgical connected zone consisting of the Al2Cu and the α-Al phase.

Microstructure and Properties of WCP/Cu Layered Functionally Graded Materials Prepared by Vacuum Hot-Pressed Sintering

2011 ◽  
Vol 378-379 ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Xin Guo ◽  
Feng Yan ◽  
Hai Ting Xia
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Functionally Graded Materials ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Compositional Variation ◽  
Graded Materials ◽  
Powder Layering ◽  
Scanning Electron

The aim of this study is to fabricate WCp/Cu functionally graded materials (FGMs) and test its properties. Vacuum Hot-pressed Sintering technique is used to develop the graded WC particle reinforced Cu matrix composite. Using powder layering technique, a multi-layered WCp/Cu FGM have been prepared successfully. Scanning electron microscopy is used for microstructural analysis. Microscopic observations display that the microstructure of WCp/Cu FGM distribute gradually, and have no visible macroscopic interface. The mechanical properties of WCp/Cu functionally graded materials have been investigated, including Vickers's hardness, Young’s modulus and Tensile strength. Experimental results show that the properties of WCp/Cu FGM strongly depend on compositional variation.

Effect of Vanadium and Niobium on the Microstructure of Carbide Reinforced Indefinite Chilled Cast Rolls

2011 ◽  
Vol 311-313 ◽  
pp. 864-870
Author(s):  
Gen Zhe Huang ◽  
Zeng Hui Li
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nb Content ◽  
Scanning Electron

In the present work, effects of elements vanadium and niobium on the microstructure of the conventional indefinite chilled rolls made by small vertical centrifugal caster were investigated, using optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM, Jeol 6400), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDXS, Cu-K radiation) to identify the type, morphology, and to measure the volume fraction and the distribution of carbides and graphites formed during solidification. Microstructural analysis indicates that, the amount of graphite is dramatically reduced by adding V element. The volume fraction of the square-like carbides NbC increases with the Nb content increasing. However, if Nb content is over a critical point, large amount of the square-like NbC carbide can be seriously segregated in the out part of the section.

Fabrication and Photoresponse of Self-Organized TiO2 Mesoporous by Alternative Voltage Condition

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 580-583
Author(s):  
Pacharee Krongkitsiri ◽  
Udom Tipparach
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Open Circuit Potential ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Anodization Method ◽  
Scanning Electron

Mesoporous of TiO2electrodes (MOTE) were fabricated on pure titanium sheets in aqueous based electrolytes that consist of NaSO4NH4F and Oxalic acid by an anodization method with alternative voltage condition. Morphology of MOTE was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The characteristic photoresponse in 0.1 M Na2SO4on the MOTE was investigated. The MOTE shows an excellent photoresponse property that is significant at low open-circuit potential.

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