scholarly journals An Approach toward the Realization of a Through-Thickness Glass Fiber/Epoxy Thermoelectric Generator

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2173
Author(s):  
George Karalis ◽  
Christos K. Mytafides ◽  
Lazaros Tzounis ◽  
Alkiviadis S. Paipetis ◽  
Nektaria-Marianthi Barkoula
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Thermoelectric Generator ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Coated Glass ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Tellurium Nanowires ◽  
A Minor ◽  
P Type

The present study demonstrates, for the first time, the ability of a 10-ply glass fiber-reinforced polymer composite laminate to operate as a structural through-thickness thermoelectric generator. For this purpose, inorganic tellurium nanowires were mixed with single-wall carbon nanotubes in a wet chemical approach, capable of resulting in a flexible p-type thermoelectric material with a power factor value of 58.88 μW/m·K2. This material was used to prepare an aqueous thermoelectric ink, which was then deposited onto a glass fiber substrate via a simple dip-coating process. The coated glass fiber ply was laminated as top lamina with uncoated glass fiber plies underneath to manufacture a thermoelectric composite capable of generating 54.22 nW power output at a through-thickness temperature difference οf 100 K. The mechanical properties of the proposed through-thickness thermoelectric laminate were tested and compared with those of the plain laminates. A minor reduction of approximately 11.5% was displayed in both the flexural modulus and strength after the integration of the thermoelectric ply. Spectroscopic and morphological analyses were also employed to characterize the obtained thermoelectric nanomaterials and the respective coated glass fiber ply.

scholarly journals Thermoplastic Reaction Injection Pultrusion for Continuous Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polyamide-6 Composites

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Chen ◽  
Mingyin Jia ◽  
Hua Sun ◽  
Ping Xue
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Pultrusion Process ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Pultruded Composites

In this paper, glass fiber-reinforced polyamide-6 (PA-6) composites with up to 70 wt% fiber contents were successfully manufactured using a pultrusion process, utilizing the anionic polymerization of caprolactam (a monomer of PA-6). A novel thermoplastic reaction injection pultrusion test line was developed with a specifically designed injection chamber to achieve complete impregnation of fiber bundles and high speed pultrusion. Process parameters like temperature of injection chamber, temperature of pultrusion die, and pultrusion speed were studied and optimized. The effects of die temperature on the crystallinity, melting point, and mechanical properties of the pultruded composites were also evaluated. The pultruded composites exhibited the highest flexural strength and flexural modulus, reaching 1061 MPa and 38,384 MPa, respectively. Then, effects of fiber contents on the density, heat distortion temperature, and mechanical properties of the composites were analyzed. The scanning electron microscope analysis showed the great interfacial adhesion between fibers and matrix at 180 °C, which greatly improved the mechanical properties of the composites. The thermoplastic reaction injection pultrusion in this paper provided an alternative for the preparation of thermoplastic composites with high fiber content.

The Effect of Accelerated Salt Spray Exposure on Mechanical Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composite

2021 ◽  
Vol 1028 ◽  
pp. 223-227
Author(s):  
Salman Farishi ◽  
Retno Wulandari ◽  
Annisa Rifathin ◽  
Dasep Rusmana ◽  
Nurul Jamilah
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Aging Behavior ◽  
Flexural Stress ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Polyester Composite ◽  
Scanning Electron

This paper presents the effect of accelerated salt spray (fog) exposure on commercially glass fiber reinforced polyester composite to determine the durability of the material. Aging behavior after exposure in the salt-spray environment was studied by mechanical properties i.e. flexural stress and flexural modulus. The accelerated salt spray exposure was conducted by Copper-Accelerated Acetic Acid Salt Spray (CASS) Test according to ASTM B368. The CASS exposure was carried out for 120 hours and observed every 24 hours. The flexural modulus results tend to be constant up to 4 days and more significant change on 5th day of measurement. Furthermore, the morphology of specimens investigated by a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The SEM results also showed that only scratch occurred on the surface of the specimens test. The longer of the CASS exposure time, the higher the number of scratches. From this study, it could be concluded that Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composite has slightly damage for 120 hours CASS test exposure.

scholarly journals Improvement of the Shock Absorption Ability of a Face Guard by Incorporating a Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic and Buffering Space

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Wada ◽  
Hiroshi Churei ◽  
Haruka Takayanagi ◽  
Naohiko Iwasaki ◽  
Toshiaki Ueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Maximum Stress ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Shock Absorption ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Test Shock ◽  
Materials Used

This study aimed to evaluate the shock absorption ability of trial face guards (FGs) incorporating a glass-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic (GF) and buffering space. The mechanical properties of 3.2 mm and 1.6 mm thick commercial medical splint materials (Aquaplast, AP) and experimental GF prepared from 1.6 mm thick AP and fiberglass cloth were determined by a three-point bending test. Shock absorption tests were conducted on APs with two different thicknesses and two types of experimental materials, both with a bottom material of 1.6 mm thick AP and a buffering space of 30 mm in diameter (APS) and with either (i) 1.6 mm thick AP (AP-APS) or (ii)  1.6 mm thick GF (GF-APS) covering the APS. The GF exhibited significantly higher flexural strength (64.4 MPa) and flexural modulus (7.53 GPa) than the commercial specimens. The maximum load of GF-APS was 75% that of 3.2 mm AP, which is widely used clinically. The maximum stress of the GF-APS only could not be determined as its maximum stress is below the limits of the analysis materials used (<0.5 MPa). Incorporating a GF and buffering space would enhance the shock absorption ability; thus, the shock absorption ability increased while the total thickness and weight decreased.

scholarly journals Crystallization Behavior and Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuming Wang ◽  
Lihong Cheng ◽  
Xiaoqian Cui ◽  
Weihong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Crystallization Ability ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Different Content

Glass fiber with different content and different kinds of compatibilizers were used to prepare glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene (GFRP) composites. β-nucleating agent with different content was used to prepare β-polypropylene (PP), after which the toughness, crystallization ability and heat resistance were all enhanced. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) showed that the crystallite degree and crystallization ability were all greatly improved and β-PP was in dominant position. At last, both β-nucleating agent and glass fiber were used to modify the PP composites (β-GFRP). The formation of β-form PP made the matrix softer, which was beneficial for energy absorption and enhancement of toughness. The tensile strength, flexural strength and flexural modulus were improved dramatically, which were attributed to the coeffect of framework structure of GF and β-form PP.

scholarly journals Epoxy/Glass Fiber Nanostructured p- and n-Type Thermoelectric Enabled Model Composite Interphases

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5352
Author(s):  
George Karalis ◽  
Kyriaki Tsirka ◽  
Lazaros Tzounis ◽  
Christos Mytafides ◽  
Lampros Koutsotolis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Interfacial Shear Stress ◽  
Resin Matrix ◽  
Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Model Composite ◽  
Coated Glass ◽  
Pull Out

This experimental study is associated with the modification of glass fibers with efficient, organic, functional, thermoelectrically enabled coatings. The thermoelectric (TE) behavior of the coated glass fiber tows with either inherent p semiconductor type single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) or the n-type molecular doped SWCNTs were examined within epoxy resin matrix in detail. The corresponding morphological, thermogravimetric, spectroscopic, and thermoelectric measurements were assessed in order to characterize the produced functional interphases. For the p-type model composites, the Seebeck coefficient was +16.2 μV/K which corresponds to a power factor of 0.02 μW/m∙K2 and for the n-type −28.4 μV/K which corresponds to power factor of 0.12 μW/m∙K2. The p–n junction between the model composites allowed for the fabrication of a single pair thermoelectric element generator (TEG) demonstrator. Furthermore, the stress transfer at the interphase of the coated glass fibers was studied by tow pull-out tests. The reference glass fiber tows presented the highest interfacial shear stress (IFSS) of 42.8 MPa in comparison to the p- and n-type SWCNT coated GF model composites that exhibited reduced IFSS values by 10.1% and 28.1%, respectively.

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