scholarly journals Epoxy/Glass Fiber Nanostructured p- and n-Type Thermoelectric Enabled Model Composite Interphases

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5352
Author(s):  
George Karalis ◽  
Kyriaki Tsirka ◽  
Lazaros Tzounis ◽  
Christos Mytafides ◽  
Lampros Koutsotolis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Interfacial Shear Stress ◽  
Resin Matrix ◽  
Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Model Composite ◽  
Coated Glass ◽  
Pull Out

This experimental study is associated with the modification of glass fibers with efficient, organic, functional, thermoelectrically enabled coatings. The thermoelectric (TE) behavior of the coated glass fiber tows with either inherent p semiconductor type single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) or the n-type molecular doped SWCNTs were examined within epoxy resin matrix in detail. The corresponding morphological, thermogravimetric, spectroscopic, and thermoelectric measurements were assessed in order to characterize the produced functional interphases. For the p-type model composites, the Seebeck coefficient was +16.2 μV/K which corresponds to a power factor of 0.02 μW/m∙K2 and for the n-type −28.4 μV/K which corresponds to power factor of 0.12 μW/m∙K2. The p–n junction between the model composites allowed for the fabrication of a single pair thermoelectric element generator (TEG) demonstrator. Furthermore, the stress transfer at the interphase of the coated glass fibers was studied by tow pull-out tests. The reference glass fiber tows presented the highest interfacial shear stress (IFSS) of 42.8 MPa in comparison to the p- and n-type SWCNT coated GF model composites that exhibited reduced IFSS values by 10.1% and 28.1%, respectively.

Mechanical properties of norbornene-based silane treated glass fiber reinforced polydicyclopentadiene composites manufactured by the S-RIM process

e-Polymers ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeong Min Yoo ◽  
Dong-Jun Kwon ◽  
Joung-Man Park ◽  
Sang Hyuk Yum ◽  
Woo Il Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Reaction Injection Molding ◽  
Structural Reaction Injection Molding ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced

AbstractA lab scale structural reaction injection molding (S-RIM) piece of equipment was designed and used to fabricate glass fiber reinforced polydicyclopentadiene (p-DCPD) composites for three different fiber contents. In order to obtain information regarding the optimal process temperature (>80°C) and the curing time (<30 s), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to investigate the curing behavior of DCPD resin under isothermal conditions. Further, a norbornene-based silane treatment was used to improve the interfacial adhesion between the glass fibers and DCPD as confirmed by the micro-droplet pull-out test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fabrication of glass fiber/p-DCPD composites with improved mechanical properties was carried out based on the optimized process conditions and surface treatment of glass fiber.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Glass Fiber Content Measurement Methods for Inspecting Fabrication Quality of Composite Ship Structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Han ◽  
Sookhyun Jeong ◽  
Jackyou Noh ◽  
Daekyun Oh
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Resin Matrix

A comparative study of glass fiber content (Gc) measurement methods was conducted using actual glass fiber reinforced plastic laminates from the hull plate of a 26-ton yacht. Two prototype side hull plates with the design Gc (40 wt.%) and higher Gc (64 wt.%) were prepared. Four methods were used to study the samples: the calculation method suggested by classification societies’ rules; two direct measurement methods using either calipers and scales or a hydrometer; and the burn-off method, wherein the resin matrix is combusted from the laminates. The results were compared and analyzed to identify the accuracy and benefits of each method. The rule calculation method was found to be effective if the quality of the manufacturing process is known. However, fabrication errors in the laminate structures cannot be detected. Additionally, while direct methods are used to measure the density of glass fibers using measurements of the densities of raw materials and laminates, the volume of inner defects occurring during the fabrication of laminates could not be considered. Finally, it was found that the burn-off method measures Gc and considers the defect volume (voids) inside laminates as well as the non-uniformity of the external shape.

The Use of a Single-Fiber Fragmentation Test to Study Environmental Durability of Interfaces/Interphases Between Epoxy and a Glass Fiber

1993 ◽  
Vol 304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol L. Schuute ◽  
Walter McDonough ◽  
Masatoshi Shioya ◽  
Donald L. Hunston
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Critical Length ◽  
Single Fiber ◽  
Resin Matrix ◽  
Matrix Interface ◽  
Model Composite ◽  
Fragmentation Test ◽  
Fiber Matrix ◽  
Fiber Fragmentation

AbstractThis work examines the usefulness of the single-fiber fragmentation test in studying the durability of fiber/matrix interfaces/interphases. This test measures the critical length/diameter ratio (L/D) of the fiber fragments formed in the test and relates this length to the interface's strength, or ability to transfer load. In the work reported here, we immersed samples of epoxy containing a single-glass fiber - that was previously sized with an epoxy-compatible coating - in either 65 or 75 °C water and tested after different times of exposure. In general, this ratio increased as a function of time of exposure to water. During exposure at 75 °C, the fibers' L/D in the samples did not increase significantly until after the sample reached its “apparent” equilibrium content of water ∼ (3.0 wt%). Because there was no significant measurable change in the tensile modulus between wet and dry samples, we cannot attribute these differences in L/D to changes in the resin's properties due to plasticizing by water. A small percentage of samples exposed at 65 °C did not show a significant increase in L/D, and in these cases the moisture produced a marked roughening of the fiber surface along the fiber/matrix interface. One possible explanation is that the attack by moisture degrades the interface, thus reducing its strength with a corresponding increase in the L/D. To varying degrees, however, the attack by moisture also degrades the E-glass fiber. This attack by moisture roughened the surfaces of the fibers and increased the distribution and/or size of the critical flaws, thus reducing both the strength of the fiber and the L/D. Based on our preliminary results, it appears that the singlefiber test has the potential to be useful for studying the durability of the resin/matrix interface providing that the influence of the environmental agent on all of the components of the model composite: resin, fiber, and interface/phase, is considered.

scholarly journals A Finite Element Investigation into the Cohesive Properties of Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polymers with Nanostructured Interphases

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2487
Author(s):  
Mohammad J. Ghasemi Parizi ◽  
Hossein Shahverdi ◽  
Ehsan Pipelzadeh ◽  
Andreu Cabot ◽  
Pablo Guardia
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Interfacial Shear Stress ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Gfrp Composites ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced

Glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites represent one of the most exploited composites due to their outstanding mechanical properties, light weight and ease of manufacture. However, one of the main limitations of GFRP composites is their weak inter-laminar properties. This leads to resin delamination and loss of mechanical properties. Here, a model based on finite element analysis (FEA) is introduced to predict the collective advantage that a GF surface modification has on the inter-laminar properties in GFRP composites. The developed model is validated with experimental pull-out tests performed on different samples. As such, modifications were introduced using different surface coatings. Interfacial shear stress (IFSS) for each sample as a function of the GF to polymer interphase was evaluated. Adhesion energy was found by assimilating the collected data into the model. The FE model reported here is a time-efficient and low-cost tool for the precise design of novel filler interphases in GFRP composites. This enables the further development of novel composites addressing delamination issues and the extension of their use in novel applications.

scholarly journals E-glass Coated Fibers in Novel Composite System for Constructional Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 111-113
Author(s):  
Shouresh Safaei
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Composite Coating ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Reinforce Concrete ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Cementitious Matrix ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Polar Groups ◽  
Layer Composite

Concrete is one of the most applicable materials in construction. But it needs to reinforce with several reinforcement materials especially high performance fibers such as glass fibers to improve its properties. Among glass fibers, E-glass fiber has lower price but degrade in alkaline cementitious matrix. In this investigation for prohibition of E-glass fibers degradation along with better adhesion of E-glass fibers to cementitious matrix a doubled layer composite coating has been used. The first layer is a polysiloxane which it's permeability to water is too low so prevent alkali attack on E-glass fiber. The second layer is polyvinyl acetate (PVAC) having polar groups of acetate, produce calcium acetate in cementitious matrix, which stick firmly to cement. PVAC in alkaline solution can produce polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) which is again sticky to cement. This composite coating applied on E-glass fibers and used to reinforce concrete. The durability of coated fibers was investigated by alkaline stability test and SEM images. Meanwhile for studying adhesion of fibers to concrete pull out characteristics of coated fibers been investigated and compared with bare E-glass reinforced concrete.

scholarly journals Grafting Carbon Nanotubes on Glass Fiber by Dip Coating Technique to Enhance Tensile and Interfacial Shear Strength

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahador Dastorian Jamnani ◽  
Soraya Hosseini ◽  
Saeed Rahmanian ◽  
Suraya Abdul Rashid ◽  
Sa'ari b. Mustapha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Interfacial Shear Stress ◽  
Interfacial Strength ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Interfacial Shear ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Two Parameters

The effects of noncovalent bonding and mechanical interlocking of carbon nanotubes (CNT) coating on tensile and interfacial strength of glass fiber were investigated. CNT were coated over glass fiber by a simple dip coating method. Acid treated CNT were suspended in isopropanol solution containing Nafion as binding agent. To achieve uniform distribution of CNT over the glass fiber, an optimized dispersion process was developed by two parameters: CNT concentration and soaking time. CNT concentration was varied from 0.4 to 2 mg/mL and soaking time was varied from 1 to 180 min. The provided micrographs demonstrated appropriate coating of CNT on glass fiber by use of CNT-Nafion mixture. The effects of CNT concentration and soaking time on coating layer were studied by performing single fiber tensile test and pull-out test. The obtained results showed that the optimum CNT concentration and soaking time were 1 mg/mL and 60 min, respectively, which led to significant improvement of tensile strength and interfacial shear stress. It was found that, at other concentrations and soaking times, CNT agglomeration or acutely curly tubes appeared over the fiber surface which caused a reduction of nanotubes interaction on the glass fiber.

scholarly journals An Approach toward the Realization of a Through-Thickness Glass Fiber/Epoxy Thermoelectric Generator

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2173
Author(s):  
George Karalis ◽  
Christos K. Mytafides ◽  
Lazaros Tzounis ◽  
Alkiviadis S. Paipetis ◽  
Nektaria-Marianthi Barkoula
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Thermoelectric Generator ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Coated Glass ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Tellurium Nanowires ◽  
A Minor ◽  
P Type

The present study demonstrates, for the first time, the ability of a 10-ply glass fiber-reinforced polymer composite laminate to operate as a structural through-thickness thermoelectric generator. For this purpose, inorganic tellurium nanowires were mixed with single-wall carbon nanotubes in a wet chemical approach, capable of resulting in a flexible p-type thermoelectric material with a power factor value of 58.88 μW/m·K2. This material was used to prepare an aqueous thermoelectric ink, which was then deposited onto a glass fiber substrate via a simple dip-coating process. The coated glass fiber ply was laminated as top lamina with uncoated glass fiber plies underneath to manufacture a thermoelectric composite capable of generating 54.22 nW power output at a through-thickness temperature difference οf 100 K. The mechanical properties of the proposed through-thickness thermoelectric laminate were tested and compared with those of the plain laminates. A minor reduction of approximately 11.5% was displayed in both the flexural modulus and strength after the integration of the thermoelectric ply. Spectroscopic and morphological analyses were also employed to characterize the obtained thermoelectric nanomaterials and the respective coated glass fiber ply.

scholarly journals The Effect of Cellulose Nanocrystal Coatings on the Glass Fiber–Epoxy Interphase

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyanta Goswami ◽  
Ejaz Haque ◽  
Douglas M. Fox ◽  
Jeffrey W. Gilman ◽  
Gale A. Holmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Interfacial Shear Stress ◽  
Fragmentation Test ◽  
Polarized Microscopy ◽  
Triphenyl Phosphonium ◽  
Fiber Fragmentation ◽  
Dispersing Medium

This study focuses on understanding the effect of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) on glass fiber/epoxy interfacial interactions. The glass fibers (GF) were coated with solutions containing cellulose nanomaterial. The parameters that were investigated were the CNC surface chemistry, concentration, and dispersing medium, i.e., aqueous solution only versus emulsions. To determine the effect of the CNC coatings on the interfacial adhesion, specimens of a single GF in an epoxy matrix were prepared for GF coating by varying the coating formulations. The interfacial shear stress (IFSS) was determined by the single fiber fragmentation test (SFFT). Following the SFFT, the samples were investigated by cross-polarized microscopy in order to understand the fracture modes which are related to the nature of the interphase. According to the SFFT data and photoelastic fracture patterns, both the emulsion and aqueous coatings containing cellulose nanocrystals functionalized with methyl(triphenyl) phosphonium (CNCPh) improve the IFSS in comparison to coated GFs without CNCs.

scholarly journals Water Influence on the Uniaxial Tensile Behavior of Polytetrafluoroethylene-Coated Glass Fiber Fabric

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 846
Author(s):  
Hastia Asadi ◽  
Joerg Uhlemann ◽  
Natalie Stranghoener ◽  
Mathias Ulbricht
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Membrane Structures ◽  
Strength Deterioration ◽  
Coated Glass ◽  
Reversible Loss ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Loss Of Strength

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-coated glass fiber fabrics are used for long-lasting membrane structures due to their outstanding mechanical properties, chemical stabilities, and satisfying service life. During their operation time, different environmental impacts might influence their performance, especially regarding the mechanical properties. In this contribution, the impact of water on the tensile strength deterioration was assessed experimentally, providing evidence of considerable but partially reversible loss of strength by up to 20% among the various types of investigated industrially established fabrics.

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