scholarly journals 3D PCL/Gelatin/Genipin Nanofiber Sponge as Scaffold for Regenerative Medicine

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2006
Author(s):  
Markus Merk ◽  
Orlando Chirikian ◽  
Christian Adlhart
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Recent advancements in tissue engineering and material science have radically improved in vitro culturing platforms to more accurately replicate human tissue. However, the transition to clinical relevance has been slow in part due to the lack of biologically compatible/relevant materials. In the present study, we marry the commonly used two-dimensional (2D) technique of electrospinning and a self-assembly process to construct easily reproducible, highly porous, three-dimensional (3D) nanofiber scaffolds for various tissue engineering applications. Specimens from biologically relevant polymers polycaprolactone (PCL) and gelatin were chemically cross-linked using the naturally occurring cross-linker genipin. Potential cytotoxic effects of the scaffolds were analyzed by culturing human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) up to 23 days. The 3D PCL/gelatin/genipin scaffolds produced here resemble the complex nanofibrous architecture found in naturally occurring extracellular matrix (ECM) and exhibit physiologically relevant mechanical properties as well as excellent cell cytocompatibility. Samples cross-linked with 0.5% genipin demonstrated the highest metabolic activity and proliferation rates for HDF. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images indicated excellent cell adhesion and the characteristic morphological features of fibroblasts in all tested samples. The three-dimensional (3D) PCL/gelatin/genipin scaffolds produced here show great potential for various 3D tissue-engineering applications such as ex vivo cell culturing platforms, wound healing, or tissue replacement.

Macromolecular Crowding: The Next Frontier in Tissue Engineering

2014 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramod Kumar ◽  
Abhigyan Satyam ◽  
Diana Gaspar ◽  
Daniela Cigognini ◽  
Clara Sanz-Nogués ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Macromolecular Crowding ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Collagen Type I ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Type I ◽  
Matrix Deposition

Tissue engineering by self-assembly hypothesises that optimal repair and regeneration can be achieved best by using the cells’ inherent ability to create organs with proficiency still unmatched by currently available scaffold fabrication technologies. However, the prolonged culture time required to develop an implantable device jeopardises clinical translation and commercialisation of such techniques. Herein, we report that macromolecular crowding, a biophysical in vitro microenvironment modulator, dramatically accelerates extracellular matrix deposition in cultured human corneal, lung and dermal fibroblasts and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. In fact, an almost 5 to 30 fold increase in collagen type I deposition was recorded as early as 48 hours in culture, without any negative effect in cell phenotype and function.

Hierarchical porous materials for tissue engineering

2005 ◽  
Vol 364 (1838) ◽  
pp. 263-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian R Jones ◽  
Peter D Lee ◽  
Larry L Hench
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Porous Materials ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Tissue Replacement ◽  
Hierarchical Porous

Biological organisms have evolved to produce hierarchical three-dimensional structures with dimensions ranging from nanometres to metres. Replicating these complex living hierarchical structures for the purpose of repair or replacement of degenerating tissues is one of the great challenges of chemistry, physics, biology and materials science. This paper describes how the use of hierarchical porous materials in tissue engineering applications has the potential to shift treatments from tissue replacement to tissue regeneration. The criteria that a porous material must fulfil to be considered ideal for bone tissue engineering applications are listed. Bioactive glass foam scaffolds have the potential to fulfil all the criteria, as they have a hierarchical porous structure similar to that of trabecular bone, they can bond to bone and soft tissue and they release silicon and calcium ions that have been found to up-regulate seven families of genes in osteogenic cells. Their hierarchical structure can be tailored for the required rate of tissue bonding, resorption and delivery of dissolution products. This paper describes how the structure and properties of the scaffolds are being optimized with respect to cell response and that tissue culture techniques must be optimized to enable growth of new bone in vitro .

scholarly journals Fabrication of Piezoelectric Electrospun Termite Nest-like 3D Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7684
Author(s):  
Thanapon Muenwacha ◽  
Oratai Weeranantanapan ◽  
Nuannoi Chudapongse ◽  
Francisco Javier Diaz Sanchez ◽  
Santi Maensiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Interaction ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
3D Scaffolds ◽  
3D Shapes ◽  
Termite Nest

A high piezoelectric coefficient polymer and biomaterial for bone tissue engineering— poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP)—has been successfully fabricated into 3D scaffolds using the wet electrospinning method. Three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds have significant advantages for tissue engineering applications. Electrospinning is an advanced method and can fabricate 3D scaffolds. However, it has some limitations and is difficult to fabricate nanofibers into 3D shapes because of the low controllability of porosity and internal pore shape. The PVDF-HFP powders were dissolved in a mixture of acetone and dimethylformamide with a ratio of 1:1 at various concentrations of 10, 13, 15, 17, and 20 wt%. However, only the solutions at 15 and 17 wt% with optimized electrospinning parameters can be fabricated into biomimetic 3D shapes. The produced PVDF-HFP 3D scaffolds are in the cm size range and mimic the structure of the natural nests of termites of the genus Apicotermes. In addition, the 3D nanofiber-based structure can also generate more electrical signals than the conventional 2D ones, as the third dimension provides more compression. The cell interaction with the 3D nanofibers scaffold was investigated. The in vitro results demonstrated that the NIH 3T3 cells could attach and migrate in the 3D structures. While conventional electrospinning yields 2D (flat) structures, our bio-inspired electrospun termite nest-like 3D scaffolds are better suited for tissue engineering applications since they can potentially mimic native tissues as they have biomimetic structure, piezoelectric, and biological properties.

scholarly journals Bioprinting and In Vitro Characterization of an Eggwhite-Based Cell-Laden Patch for Endothelialized Tissue Engineering Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Yasaman Delkash ◽  
Maxence Gouin ◽  
Tanguy Rimbeault ◽  
Fatemeh Mohabatpour ◽  
Petros Papagerakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
In Vitro Characterization

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an emerging fabrication technique to create 3D constructs with living cells. Notably, bioprinting bioinks are limited due to the mechanical weakness of natural biomaterials and the low bioactivity of synthetic peers. This paper presents the development of a natural bioink from chicken eggwhite and sodium alginate for bioprinting cell-laden patches to be used in endothelialized tissue engineering applications. Eggwhite was utilized for enhanced biological properties, while sodium alginate was used to improve bioink printability. The rheological properties of bioinks with varying amounts of sodium alginate were examined with the results illustrating that 2.0–3.0% (w/v) sodium alginate was suitable for printing patch constructs. The printed patches were then characterized mechanically and biologically, and the results showed that the printed patches exhibited elastic moduli close to that of natural heart tissue (20–27 kPa) and more than 94% of the vascular endothelial cells survived in the examination period of one week post 3D bioprinting. Our research also illustrated the printed patches appropriate water uptake ability (>1800%).

Towards Engineering Whole Bones via Endochondral Ossification

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eamon J. Sheehy ◽  
Tatiana Vinardell ◽  
Conor T. Buckley ◽  
Daniel J. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Endochondral Bone ◽  
Oxygen Conditions

Tissue engineering applications aim to replace or regenerate damaged tissues through a combination of cells, three-dimensional scaffolds, and signaling molecules [1]. The endochondral approach to bone tissue engineering [2], which involves remodeling of an intermittent hypertrophic cartilaginous template, may be superior to the traditional intramembranous approach. Naturally derived hydrogels have been used extensively in tissue engineering applications [3]. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) seeded hydrogels may be a particularly powerful tool in scaling-up engineered endochondral bone grafts as the low oxygen conditions that develop within large constructs enhance in vitro chondrogenic differentiation and functional development [4]. A key requirement however, is that the hydrogel must allow for remodeling of the engineered hypertrophic cartilage into bone and also facilitate vascularization of the graft. The first objective of this study was to compare the capacity of different naturally derived hydrogels (alginate, chitosan, and fibrin) to generate in vivo endochondral bone. The secondary objective was to investigate the possibility of engineering a ‘scaled-up’ anatomically accurate distal phalange as a paradigm for whole bone tissue engineering.

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