scholarly journals Studying the Effect of High Substrate Temperature on the Microstructure of Vacuum Evaporated TAPC: C60 Organic Solar Thin Films

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1733
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abdelaal ◽  
Mohamed Hazem Abdellatif ◽  
Moritz Riede ◽  
Ghada Bassioni
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Temperature ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
Bulk Heterojunction ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Mole Percent ◽  
Substrate Heating ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Mole Percentage ◽  
Solar Cell Technology

Organic solar cells (OSCs), also known as organic photovoltaics (OPVs), are an emerging solar cell technology composed of carbon-based, organic molecules, which convert energy from the sun into electricity. Key for their performance is the microstructure of the light-absorbing organic bulk heterojunction. To study this, organic solar films composed of both fullerene C60 as electron acceptor and different mole percentages of di-[4-(N,N-di-p-tolyl-amino)-phenyl]-cyclohexane (TAPC) as electron donor were evaporated in vacuum in different mixing ratios (5, 50 and 95 mol%) on an ITO-coated glass substrate held at room temperature and at 110 °C. The microstructure of the C60: TAPC heterojunction was studied by grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering to understand the effect of substrate heating. By increasing the substrate temperature from ambient to 110 °C, it was found that no significant change was observed in the crystal size for the C60: TAPC concentrations investigated in this study. In addition to the variation done in the substrate temperature, the variation of the mole percent of the donor (TAPC) was studied to conclude the effect of both the substrate temperature and the donor concentration on the microstructure of the OSC films. Bragg peaks were attributed to C60 in the pure C60 sample and in the blend with low donor mole percentage (5%), but the C60 peaks became nondiscernible when the donor mole percentage was increased to 50% and above, showing that TAPC interrupted the formation of C60 crystals.

Effect of carbon nanotube incorporation into polythiophene-fullerene-based organic solar cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirill Skupov ◽  
Alex Adronov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
Bulk Heterojunction ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Hole Transport ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Device Efficiency ◽  
Hole Transporting

The effect of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) incorporation within bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) − [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT−PCBM) (1:1 w/w) active layers was investigated. Both full-length and shortened SWNTs were introduced within the P3HT−PCBM layer at loadings in the range of 0−2 wt%. For full-length SWNTs, it was found that device efficiency decreased at all SWNT loading levels and annealing temperatures, which ranged from 80 to 225 °C. The highest average external efficiencies in the absence of SWNTs reached approximately 2%, while the best efficiencies in devices incorporating the full-length SWNTs only reached 1.3%. When shortened SWNTs were incorporated, device efficiency was unchanged upon annealing at 160 °C (average values of approximately 2%), but the efficiency improved by nearly 50%, relative to controls when devices were annealed at 70 °C. Active layer analysis by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction indicated that nanotubes did not increase polymer crystallinity. Knowing that shortened SWNTs are good hole conductors, it is postulated that the improved device efficiency is due to improved hole transport through the SWNTs in devices where the hole-transporting polymer has not been allowed to adopt its optimal morphology due to underannealing.

scholarly journals The effect of confinement on the crystalline microstructure of polymer : fullerene bulk heterojunctions

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (36) ◽  
pp. 23326-23331 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ashraf ◽  
D. M. N. M. Dissanayake ◽  
M. D. Eisaman
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Bulk Heterojunction ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
Bulk Heterojunctions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Polymer Component ◽  
Crystalline Microstructure ◽  
Ray Scattering

We investigate the effect of confinement on the crystalline microstructure of the polymer component of polymer : fullerene bulk heterojunction thin films using grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering.

scholarly journals Graded bulk-heterojunction enables 17% binary organic solar cells via nonhalogenated open air coating

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Kuan Liu ◽  
Jiaming Huang ◽  
Xinxin Xia ◽  
Jiupeng Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Bulk Heterojunction ◽  
Depth Profiling ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrd Techniques

AbstractGraded bulk-heterojunction (G-BHJ) with well-defined vertical phase separation has potential to surpass classical BHJ in organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, an effective G-BHJ strategy via nonhalogenated solvent sequential deposition is demonstrated using nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) OSCs. Spin-coated G-BHJ OSCs deliver an outstanding 17.48% power conversion efficiency (PCE). Depth-profiling X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (DP-XPS) and angle-dependent grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GI-XRD) techniques enable the visualization of polymer/NFA composition and crystallinity gradient distributions, which benefit charge transport, and enable outstanding thick OSC PCEs (16.25% for 300 nm, 14.37% for 500 nm), which are among the highest reported. Moreover, the nonhalogenated solvent enabled G-BHJ OSC via open-air blade coating and achieved a record 16.77% PCE. The blade-coated G-BHJ has drastically different D-A crystallization kinetics, which suppresses the excessive aggregation induced unfavorable phase separation in BHJ. All these make G-BHJ a feasible and promising strategy towards highly efficient, eco- and manufacture friendly OSCs.

scholarly journals In situ Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering on Roll-To-Roll Coating of Organic Solar Cells with Laboratory X-ray Instrumentation

10.3791/61374 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Korning Sørensen ◽  
Moises Espindola Rodriguez ◽  
Marcial Fernández Castro ◽  
Ashwin Nambi ◽  
Luise Theil Kuhn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Roll Coating ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

New Structure of CTAB Templated Silica Films as revealed by GISAXS coupled to HRTEM

2000 ◽  
Vol 628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Besson ◽  
Catherine Jacquiod ◽  
Thierry Gacoin ◽  
André Naudon ◽  
Christian Ricolleau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electronic Microscopy ◽  
Silica Films ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Hexagonal Arrangement ◽  
Spherical Micelles

ABSTRACTA microstructural study on surfactant templated silica films is performed by coupling traditional X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electronic Microscopy (TEM) to Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (GISAXS). By this method it is shown that spin-coating of silicate solutions with cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a templating agent provides 3D hexagonal structure (space group P63/mmc) that is no longer compatible with the often described hexagonal arrangement of tubular micelles but rather with an hexagonal arrangement of spherical micelles. The extent of the hexagonal ordering and the texture can be optimized in films by varying the composition of the solution.

Quantifying Multiple Crystallite Orientations and Crystal Heterogeneities in Complex Thin Film Materials

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Ogle ◽  
Daniel Powell ◽  
Eric Amerling ◽  
Detlef Matthias Smilgies ◽  
Luisa Whittaker-Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Crystallite Orientation ◽  
Miller Index ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Orientation Distributions ◽  
Orientation Information

<p>Thin film materials have become increasingly complex in morphological and structural design. When characterizing the structure of these films, a crucial field of study is the role that crystallite orientation plays in giving rise to unique electronic properties. It is therefore important to have a comparative tool for understanding differences in crystallite orientation within a thin film, and also the ability to compare the structural orientation between different thin films. Herein, we designed a new method dubbed the mosaicity factor (MF) to quantify crystallite orientation in thin films using grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) patterns. This method for quantifying the orientation of thin films overcomes many limitations inherent in previous approaches such as noise sensitivity, the ability to compare orientation distributions along different axes, and the ability to quantify multiple crystallite orientations observed within the same Miller index. Following the presentation of MF, we proceed to discussing case studies to show the efficacy and range of application available for the use of MF. These studies show how using the MF approach yields quantitative orientation information for various materials assembled on a substrate.<b></b></p>

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