scholarly journals Prolonged Post-Polymerization Biocompatibility of Polymethylmethacrylate-Tri-n-Butylborane (PMMA-TBB) Bone Cement

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1289
Author(s):  
Juri Saruta ◽  
Ryotaro Ozawa ◽  
Kosuke Hamajima ◽  
Makiko Saita ◽  
Nobuaki Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cement ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Orthopedic Procedures ◽  
Bone Cements ◽  
Acrylic Bone Cement ◽  
Differentiation Markers ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
Metallic Implants ◽  
Osteogenic Gene Expression

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-based acrylic bone cement is commonly used to fix bone and metallic implants in orthopedic procedures. The polymerization initiator tri-n-butylborane (TBB) has been reported to significantly reduce the cytotoxicity of PMMA-based bone cement compared to benzoyl peroxide (BPO). However, it is unknown whether this benefit is temporary or long-lasting, which is important to establish given that bone cement is expected to remain in situ permanently. Here, we compared the biocompatibility of PMMA-TBB and PMMA-BPO bone cements over several days. Rat femur-derived osteoblasts were seeded onto two commercially-available PMMA-BPO bone cements and experimental PMMA-TBB polymerized for one day, three days, or seven days. Significantly more cells attached to PMMA-TBB bone cement during the initial stages of culture than on both PMMA-BPO cements, regardless of the age of the materials. Proliferative activity and differentiation markers including alkaline phosphatase production, calcium deposition, and osteogenic gene expression were consistently and considerably higher in cells grown on PMMA-TBB than on PMMA-BPO, regardless of cement age. Although osteoblastic phenotypes were more favorable on older specimens for all three cement types, biocompatibility increased between three-day-old and seven-day-old PMMA-BPO specimens, and between one-day-old and three-day-old PMMA-TBB specimens. PMMA-BPO materials produced more free radicals than PMMA-TBB regardless of the age of the material. These data suggest that PMMA-TBB maintains superior biocompatibility over PMMA-BPO bone cements over prolonged periods of at least seven days post-polymerization. This superior biocompatibility can be ascribed to both low baseline cytotoxicity and a further rapid reduction in cytotoxicity, representing a new biological advantage of PMMA-TBB as a novel bone cement material.

scholarly journals Novel Osteogenic Behaviors around Hydrophilic and Radical-Free 4-META/MMA-TBB: Implications of an Osseointegrating Bone Cement

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiko Sugita ◽  
Takahisa Okubo ◽  
Makiko Saita ◽  
Manabu Ishijima ◽  
Yasuyoshi Torii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Bone Cement ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Implant Loosening ◽  
Free Radical Production ◽  
Metallic Implants ◽  
Radical Production ◽  
Spin Resonance ◽  
Culture Stage ◽  
Osteogenic Gene Expression

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based bone cement, which is widely used to affix orthopedic metallic implants, is considered bio-tolerant but lacks osteoconductivity and is cytotoxic. Implant loosening and toxic complications are significant and recognized problems. Here we devised two strategies to improve PMMA-based bone cement: (1) adding 4-methacryloyloxylethyl trimellitate anhydride (4-META) to MMA monomer to render it hydrophilic; and (2) using tri-n-butyl borane (TBB) as a polymerization initiator instead of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) to reduce free radical production. Rat bone marrow-derived osteoblasts were cultured on PMMA-BPO, common bone cement ingredients, and 4-META/MMA-TBB, newly formulated ingredients. After 24 h of incubation, more cells survived on 4-META/MMA-TBB than on PMMA-BPO. The mineralized area was 20-times greater on 4-META/MMA-TBB than PMMA-BPO at the later culture stage and was accompanied by upregulated osteogenic gene expression. The strength of bone-to-cement integration in rat femurs was 4- and 7-times greater for 4-META/MMA-TBB than PMMA-BPO during early- and late-stage healing, respectively. MicroCT and histomorphometric analyses revealed contact osteogenesis exclusively around 4-META/MMA-TBB, with minimal soft tissue interposition. Hydrophilicity of 4-META/MMA-TBB was sustained for 24 h, particularly under wet conditions, whereas PMMA-BPO was hydrophobic immediately after mixing and was unaffected by time or condition. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy revealed that the free radical production for 4-META/MMA-TBB was 1/10 to 1/20 that of PMMA-BPO within 24 h, and the substantial difference persisted for at least 10 days. The compromised ability of PMMA-BPO in recruiting cells was substantially alleviated by adding free radical-scavenging amino-acid N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) into the material, whereas adding NAC did not affect the ability of 4-META/MMA-TBB. These results suggest that 4-META/MMA-TBB shows significantly reduced cytotoxicity compared to PMMA-BPO and induces osteoconductivity due to uniquely created hydrophilic and radical-free interface. Further pre-clinical and clinical validations are warranted.

scholarly journals The Effect of TBB, as an Initiator, on the Biological Compatibility of PMMA/MMA Bone Cement

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 4016
Author(s):  
Kosuke Hamajima ◽  
Ryotaro Ozawa ◽  
Juri Saruta ◽  
Makiko Saita ◽  
Hiroaki Kitajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cement ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Osteoblastic Differentiation ◽  
Bone Cements ◽  
Acrylic Bone Cement ◽  
Matrix Mineralization ◽  
Radical Production ◽  
Biological Compatibility ◽  
Spin Resonance ◽  
Cell Spread

Acrylic bone cement is widely used in orthopedic surgery for treating various conditions of the bone and joints. Bone cement consists of methyl methacrylate (MMA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and benzoyl peroxide (BPO), functioning as a liquid monomer, solid phase, and polymerization initiator, respectively. However, cell and tissue toxicity caused by bone cement has been a concern. This study aimed to determine the effect of tri-n-butyl borane (TBB) as an initiator on the biocompatibility of bone cement. Rat spine bone marrow-derived osteoblasts were cultured on two commercially available PMMA-BPO bone cements and a PMMA-TBB experimental material. After a 24-h incubation, more cells survived on PMMA-TBB than on PMMA-BPO. Cytomorphometry showed that the area of cell spread was greater on PMMA-TBB than on PMMA-BPO. Analysis of alkaline phosphatase activity, gene expression, and matrix mineralization showed that the osteoblastic differentiation was substantially advanced on the PMMA-TBB. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy revealed that polymerization radical production within the PMMA-TBB was 1/15–1/20 of that within the PMMA-BPO. Thus, the use of TBB as an initiator, improved the biocompatibility and physicochemical properties of the PMMA-based material.

Biomineralization of Glass Fibre Reinforced Porous Acrylic Bone Cement

2007 ◽  
Vol 330-332 ◽  
pp. 815-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mervi Puska ◽  
Ari-Pekka Forsback ◽  
Antti Yli-Urpo ◽  
Jukka Seppälä ◽  
Pekka K. Vallittu
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cement ◽  
Bone Ingrowth ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Cement Matrix ◽  
Acrylic Bone Cement ◽  
Joint Replacements ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced

Acrylic bone cements are used to fix joint replacements to bone. The main substance in acrylic bone cement is biologically inert poly(methylmethacrylate), PMMA. The dense PMMA polymer structure of cement does not allow bone ingrowth into cement. Therefore, the main focus of our studies is to modify acrylic bone cement in order to improve its biological properties e.g., by creating porosity in the cement matrix. The porous structure is in situ created using pore-generating filler (i.e., 20 wt% of an experimental biodegradable polyamide) that is incorporated in acrylic bone cement. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the biomineralization of acrylic bone cement modified using an experimental biodegradable polyamide.

Using Self-Sensing Techniques to Produce a Small, Robust, Inexpensive Rheometer

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 242-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Hanson ◽  
Martin Levesley ◽  
John Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cement ◽  
Polyethylene Oxide ◽  
Simple Structure ◽  
The Self ◽  
Bone Cements ◽  
Electromagnetic Actuators ◽  
Rheological Models ◽  
Storage And Loss Moduli ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Self-sensing is the technique of using a transducer to both actuate and sense concurrently, therefore eliminating the need for separate sensors. A sensorless rheometer could be much smaller, simpler and more robust than traditional designs. One application where such a rheometer would be desired is the in-situ measurement of curing bone cement in orthopaedic surgery. A set of equations was developed that models the relationship between force, motion and back-e.m.f. generation for a class of electromagnetic actuators. This enables velocity, displacement and force to be self-sensed from voltage measurements only. This self-sensing was validated on a conventional linear electromagnetic actuator, and a small rotary moving magnet device, which was designed to be a small self-sensing rheometer. The accuracy of the estimation was assessed and shown to compare favourably with measured data. The actuators were then used to construct simple rheometers to measure bone cement. Rheological models were used to calculate storage and loss moduli and dynamic viscosity from the self-sensed values of displacement, velocity and torque. The accuracy of these self-sensing rheometers was verified against a traditional rheometer using a silicone fluid and a polyethylene oxide solution. The self-sensing rheometers were used to characterise acrylic bone cements during curing, reinforcing and extending upon previous results. The elimination of sensors meant that it was possible to produce a small, inexpensive rheometer with a very simple structure. This indicates there is potential to develop small rheo-transducers for certain applications.

New Bioactive Bone Cement Containing Nano-Sized Titania Particles

2005 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Goto ◽  
Masami Hashimoto ◽  
Shunsuke Fujibayashi ◽  
Tadashi Kokubo ◽  
Takashi Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cement ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Bone Cements ◽  
Tio2 Content ◽  
Tio2 Particles ◽  
Surface Staining ◽  
Contact Microradiography ◽  
Pmma Cement ◽  
Prosthesis Fixation

Two types of new bioactive polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-based bone cements containing nano−sized titania (TiO2) particles were prepared and evaluated to assess the effect of TiO2 content on their mechanical properties and osteoconductivity. We prepared two types of bioactive bone cement, ST50c and ST60c, which contained 50 wt% silanized TiO2 and 60 wt% silanized TiO2, respectively. Commercially available PMMA cement (PMMAc) was used as a control. The cements were inserted into rat tibiae and solidified in situ. After 6 and 12 weeks, they were taken out for evaluation of osteoconductivity by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact microradiography (CMR) and Giemsa surface staining. SEM revealed that ST60c and ST50c apposed to bone directly while PMMAc did not. The affinity index of ST60c was significantly higher than for the other cements at each time interval. The results showed that ST60c was a promising material, but its mechanical strength should be improved before application in prosthesis fixation.

Preliminary In Vitro Biocompatibility of Injectable Calcium Ceramic-Polymer Composite Bone Cement

2008 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 273-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mervi Puska ◽  
Joni Korventausta ◽  
Sufyan Garoushi ◽  
Jukka Seppälä ◽  
Pekka K. Vallittu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cement ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Bone Cements ◽  
Bioactive Glasses ◽  
Biomechanical Loading ◽  
Outermost Surface ◽  
Bone Substitute Materials ◽  
Substitute Materials

In the coming decades, the need for reconstructive surgery of bones is predicted to increase with the ageing of the population as well as the increase of injuries needing traumatologic treatments. Therefore, there is still a constant search for tissue engineering and bone substitute materials. Xenografts, synthetic hydroxyapatitite, bioactive glasses and other bone substitutes have widely been studied. When bone defects are filled using bioceramics in granules, their utilization is limited to small size defects, because the injected granules do not give immediate support against the biomechanical loading of the bone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preliminary biomineralization and the compression strength of experimental injectable bone cements modified with calcium ceramics. Our studies have focused on the development of injectable composites of bone cements, i.e. in situ curable resin systems containing impregnated Ca ceramics. The polymerized bone cement composites aspire to simulate as closely as possible the mechanical and structural properties properties of bone. The present compressive strength of our inorganic-organic bone cements are >65 up to ~180 MPa. These cements are slightly porous from their outermost surface and showed preliminarily osteoconductivity of some degree.

Surface functionalized barium sulfate nanoparticles: controlled in situ synthesis and application in bone cement

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 1264-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Fang ◽  
Ruixia Hou ◽  
Kefeng Zhou ◽  
Feibin Hua ◽  
Yang Cong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bone Cement ◽  
Barium Sulfate ◽  
In Situ Synthesis ◽  
Bone Cements

Controlled in situ synthesis of MSAH-coated BaSO4 nanoparticles improves the mechanical properties and in vitro biocompatibility of the bone cements.

Structural Weakening of Layered Acrylic Bone Cement

1982 ◽  
Vol &NA; (171) ◽  
pp. 94???96
Author(s):  
JAMES D. BLACK ◽  
A. SETH GREENWALD
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cement ◽  
Acrylic Bone Cement

Mechanical Performance and In Vivo Tests of an Acrylic Bone Cement Filled with Bioactive Sepia Officinalis Cuttlebone

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. García-Enriquez ◽  
H. E. R. Guadarrama ◽  
I. Reyes-González ◽  
E. Mendizábal ◽  
C. F. Jasso-Gastinel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cement ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Sepia Officinalis ◽  
Acrylic Bone Cement ◽  
In Vivo Tests

Bone marrow modified acrylic bone cement for augmentation of osteoporotic cancellous bone

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2081-2089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Arens ◽  
Stephan Rothstock ◽  
Markus Windolf ◽  
Andreas Boger
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Cement ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Acrylic Bone Cement
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document