scholarly journals Optimization of Mechanical Properties and Damage Tolerance in Polymer-Mineral Multilayer Composites

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 725
Author(s):  
Johannes Wiener ◽  
Hannes Kaineder ◽  
Otmar Kolednik ◽  
Florian Arbeiter
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Damage Tolerance ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Soft Phase ◽  
Layered Architecture ◽  
Pure Matrix ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Bending Loads ◽  
Multilayered Material ◽  
The Impact

Talcum reinforced polypropylene was enhanced with a soft type of polypropylene in order to increase the impact strength and damage tolerance of the material. The soft phase was incorporated in the form of continuous interlayers, where the numbers of layers ranged from 64 to 2048. A blend with the same material composition (based on wt% of the used materials) and the pure matrix material were investigated for comparison. A plateau in impact strength was reached by layered architectures, where the matrix layer thickness was as small or smaller than the largest talcum particles. The most promising layered architecture, namely, 512 layers, was subsequently investigated more thoroughly using instrumented Charpy experiments and tensile testing. In these tests, normalised parameters for stiffness and strength were obtained in addition to the impact strength. The multilayered material showed remarkable impact strength, fracture energy and damage tolerance. However, stiffness and strength were reduced due to the addition of the soft phase. It could be shown that specimens under bending loads are very compliant due to a stress-decoupling effect between layers that specifically reduces bending stiffness. This drawback could be avoided under tensile loading, while the increase in toughness remained high.

Impact Strength, Flexural Modulus and Wear Rate of PMMA Composites Reinforced by Eggshell Powders

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (7A) ◽  
pp. 960-966
Author(s):  
Aseel M. Abdullah ◽  
Hussein Jaber ◽  
Hanaa A. Al-Kaisy
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Pure Pmma ◽  
Calcination Process ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interface Bond

In the present study, the impact strength, flexural modulus, and wear rate of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) with eggshell powder (ESP) composites have been investigated. The PMMA used as a matrix material reinforced with ESP at two different states (including untreated eggshell powder (UTESP) and treated eggshell powder (TESP)). Both UTESP and TESP were mixed with PMMA at different weight fractions ranged from (1-5) wt.%. The results revealed that the mechanical properties of the PMMA/ESP composites were enhanced steadily with increasing eggshell contents. The samples with 5 wt.% of UTESP and TESP additions give the maximum values of impact strength, about twice the value of the pure PMMA sample. The calcination process of eggshells powders gives better properties of the PMMA samples compared with the UTESP at the same weight fraction due to improvements in the interface bond between the matrix and particles. The wear characteristics of the PMMA composites decrease by about 57% with increases the weight fraction of TESP up to 5 wt.%. The flexural modulus values are slightly enhanced by increasing of the ESP contents in the PMMA composites.

scholarly journals Cellulose Fiber-Reinforced PLA versus PP

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Graupner ◽  
Jörg Müssig
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Strain Behavior ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Lyocell Fibers ◽  
Reinforced Thermoplastics ◽  
The Impact

The present study focuses on a comparison between different cellulose fiber-reinforced thermoplastics. Composites were produced with 30 mass-% lyocell fibers and a PLA or PP matrix with either an injection (IM) or compression molding (CM) process. Significant reinforcement effects were achieved for tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and Shore D hardness by using lyocell as reinforcing fiber. These values are significantly higher for PLA and its composites compared to PP and PP-based composites. Investigations of the fiber/matrix adhesion show a better bonding for lyocell in PLA compared to PP, resulting in a more effective load transfer from the matrix to the fiber. However, PLA is brittle while PP shows a ductile stress-strain behavior. The impact strength of PLA was drastically improved by adding lyocell while the impact strength of PP decreased. CM and IM composites do not show significant differences in fiber orientation. Despite a better compaction of IM composites, higher tensile strength values were achieved for CM samples due to a higher fiber length.

scholarly journals A research into the distribution of silicium dioxide nanoparticles in the mixing water

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 678-687
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Nemuschenko ◽  
Vladimir V. Larichkin ◽  
Anastasiya P. Onipchenko ◽  
Vasilij S. Subbotin
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Ultrasonic Method ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Ultrasonic Dispersion ◽  
Nanoparticle Distribution ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Silicium Dioxide ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The co-authors studied suspensions of silicium dioxide nanoparticles in the water. The application of suspensions helps to most effectively add nanoparticles to slip ceramic mixtures and mixtures that contain concrete. A review of publications has proven that Russian and foreign researchers are willing to learn more about nanoparticles used to modify various materials. Particles having different chemical properties are applied depending on the types of problems to be solved. The method of ultrasonic dispersion of fillers in the matrix material is widely used; surfactants stabilize suspensions and mortars. Silicon dioxide, being one of the cheapest ultra-dispersed powders, has been proven as an active filler designated for building materials. Materials and methods. A method of ultrasonic dispersion was used to uniformly distribute nanoparticles in the water. A surfactant was added to the suspension to reduce the reaggregation of particles and to rise the stability of suspensions in the course of time. The turbidimetric method was employed to control the nanoparticle distribution efficiency in the suspension, and a spectrophotometer was used to identify the dimensions of solid particles by measuring the optical density. Results. The co-authors have proven the efficiency of the ultrasonic method in distributing nano-sized particles over the water. The suspensions, developed by the co-authors, were used to mold samples of ceramics; a scanning electron microscope and a nozzle, designated for the identification of chemical compositions, were used to identify dimensions of nanoparticle conglomerates in the matrix. The co-authors identified the concentration of OP-10 surfactant that was optimal for the destruction of conglomerates in the suspension; the impact of the ultrasonic treatment duration was assessed in respect of the suspension. Conclusions. The research findings can be contributed to ceramic production technologies for versatile nanoparticles to be employed to modify materials.

Production of Zirconium Aluminides by Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 769 ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Yu. Dolmatov ◽  
Daniil K. Kolyadko ◽  
Nikita O. Pimenov ◽  
Stanislav S. Chursin
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Material ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
High Temperature Synthesis ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shs Method

This work presents the possibility of carrying out the SH-synthesis of materials based on intermetallic zirconium-aluminium compounds. This material can be used as the matrix material of dispersion nuclear fuel. As the result of experiments on the synthesis of zirconium aluminide by the SHS-method, the technological features and basic characteristics of physical and chemical processes have been identified. During the synthesis, the temperature distributions along the volume of samples and the impact of synthesis conditions on the phase composition of finished product were analyzed. Also, the optimal parameters for the production of specific phases of zirconium aluminides have been stated. In this paper, a material with a content of intermetallic Al2Zr and Al3Zr of more than 90 percent was obtained.

scholarly journals Characterisation of Used PP-Based Car Bumpers and Their Recycling Properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Luda ◽  
V. Brunella ◽  
D. Guaratto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Internal Mixer ◽  
Mineral Fillers ◽  
The Impact

Three used PP-based car bumpers are characterized by many techniques (fractionation, IR, TGA, DSC, DMTA, and SEM). They show different impact and static and dynamic mechanical properties depending on their composition and morphology. It appears that block copolymer compatibilizers constituted by polyethylene-polypropylene sequences allow a better compatibility between the rubber domains and the PP matrix leading to relatively high impact resistance. Indeed if the ethylene sequences of the copolymer are large enough to crystallize, the decreased mobility of the whole system impairs the impact resistance. In addition, a higher amount of rubber in domains regular in shape and of greater dimension (1–3 μm) promotes a more homogeneous dispersion of external force inside the material, decreasing the risk of fracture. The amount of mineral fillers regulates the elastic modulus (the higher the load, the higher the modulus); however, a fairly good interfacial adhesion is required for satisfactory impact strength. All PP-based bumpers have been mechanically recycled in an internal mixer to redistribute oxidized species and to reestablish phase compatibilization. Recycling improves mechanical properties in slow speed test but fails to increase impact strength particularly in filled bumper, in which the quality of the matrix/filler interphase is hard to improve by simple remixing.

Investigation of Fibre Movement in Molten Polymer during Shaping Processes of Thermoplastic Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 611-612 ◽  
pp. 375-381
Author(s):  
Bernd Engel ◽  
Evelyne Soemer ◽  
Holger Foysi ◽  
Fettah Aldudak
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Material ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Resistance Force ◽  
Fibre Reinforcement ◽  
Molten Polymer ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Forming Temperature ◽  
Finite Volume Approach ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
The Impact

In forming processes of thermoplastic composites, the combined forming behaviour of matrix material and fibre reinforcement determines the resulting geometry and structure. These specific characteristics of the components and their interaction vary during the processing steps, especially for the matrix material with change in temperature. During the forming step, the molten thermoplastic polymer exhibits viscoelastic behaviour. Therefore, the fibres encounter resistance if a forming load is applied. The resulting fibre alignment is dependent on the forming temperature, the forming speed, and the time between the release of load and cooling. An investigation into the specific matrix characteristics during the forming step is presented. In the experiments a representing fibre is drawn through a molten polymer specimen under variation of speed and temperature and the resistance force is measured. The experimental findings are compared to numerical results obtained with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package using a finite volume approach and its ability for the prediction of fibre movement in molten matrix during forming processes is evaluated. In addition, a better understanding of the impact of forming speed and temperature during forming processes due to the characteristics of the molten matrix is obtained.

scholarly journals Analisis Kekuatan Impact Komposit Matrix Polyester Berpenguat Serat Rami Dengan Perlakuan Alkali 0%, 5%, 10%, Dan 15% NaOH Untuk Bodi Kendaraan Ganesha Sakti

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
I Nengah Subadra ◽  
I Nyoman Pasek Nugraha ◽  
Kadek Rihendra Dantes
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Significance Test ◽  
Friction Model ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Impact

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan alkali terhadap kekuatan impak dan model patahan komposit polyester berpenguat serat rami. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian metode eksperimen dengan variable terikat kekuatan impak, dan varibel bebas yaitu perlakuan alkali dengan konsentrasi larutan NaOH 0%,5%, 10%, dan 15%. Berdasarkan perhitungan yang telah dilakukan, didapat Fhitung sebesar 3.131,2 dimana taraf pada Ftabel signifikansi 5% sebesar 2,57. Berdasarkan uji signifikansi di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa H0 ditolak, dan H1 yang menyatakan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifiksn dari variasi perlakuan alkali 0%, 5%, 10%, dan 15% NaOH pada serat terhadap sifat mekanik komposit berpenguat serat rami terhadap uji impak, dimana terdapat perbedaan kekuatan impak antara perlakuan alkali|t1-2| ∶t=19,38, |t1-3| ∶t=23,2, |t1-4| ∶t=28,8, |t2-3| ∶t=3,84, |t2-4| ∶t=9,43 ,|t3-4| ∶t=5,59. Secara mikroskopik pada perlakuan alkali 0%, 5%, 10%, dan 15% NaOH rata-rata mengalami patahan getas (briettle) dan mekanisme fibre pull out. Pada perlakuan alkali 0% NaOH pada serat ada bagian yang tidak terkena matrik dengan sempurna (delaminasi).Kata Kunci : kekuatan impak, model patahan, NaOH, perlakuan alkali. This research aims to determine the effect of alkali toward the impact strength and friction model of polyester fiber-reinforced fabric. This research uses experimental method with the existing variables, and the free variables are alkali treatment with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% NaOH concentration. Based on calculations that have been done, the result found that Fcount of 3.131.2 where the level on Ftable 5% significance of 2.57. Based on significance test above, it can be concluded that H0 is rejected, and H1 states that there is a significant difference of each alkali load of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% NaOH on optical fiber to optical fiber. , where there are various impact strengths between alkali treatments |t1-2| ∶t=19,38, |t1-3| ∶t=23,2, |t1-4| ∶t=28,8, |t2-3| ∶t=3,84, |t2-4| ∶t=9,43 ,|t3-4| ∶t=5,59. Microscopically, on the alkaline treatment of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% NaOH mean averages of stain loss (briettle) and fiber pull out mechanism. In the alkaline treatment of 0% NaOH in the fiber, there is a part that is not exposed to the matrix perfectly (delamination)keyword : impact strength, fracture model, NaOH, alkali treatment.

Mechanical properties of unidirectional aligned bagasse fibers/vinyl ester composite

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayyanar Athijayamani ◽  
Balasubramaniam Stalin ◽  
Susaiyappan Sidhardhan ◽  
Azeez Batcha Alavudeen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Vinyl Ester ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Short Beam ◽  
Beam Shear ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The present study describes the preparation of aligned unidirectional bagasse fiber-reinforced vinyl ester (BFRVE) composites and their mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural, shear and impact strength. Composites were prepared by a hand lay-up technique developed in our laboratory with the help of a hot press. Mechanical properties were obtained for different fiber contents by varying the number of layers. The obtained tensile property values were compared with the theoretical results. The results show that the tensile strength increased linearly up to 44 wt% and then dropped. However, the tensile modulus increased linearly from 17 wt% to 60 wt%. In the case of flexural properties, the flexural strength increased up to 53 wt% and started to decrease. However, the flexural modulus also increased linearly up to 60 wt%. The impact strength values were higher than the matrix materials for all the specimens. The short beam shear strength values were also increased up to 53 wt% and then dropped. The modified Bowyer and Bader (MBB) model followed by the Hirsch model shows a very good agreement with experimental results in both tensile strength and modulus.

Study on Application of Modified Polyethylene in Preparation of Wood-Plastic Composites

2010 ◽  
Vol 150-151 ◽  
pp. 379-385
Author(s):  
Qun Lü ◽  
Qing Feng Zhang ◽  
Hai Ke Feng ◽  
Guo Qiao Lai
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Impact

The wood-plastic composites (WPC) were prepared via compress molding by using the blends of high density polyethylene (HDPE) and modified polyethylene (MAPE) as the matrix and wood flour (WF) as filler. The effect of MAPE content in the matrix on the mechanical properties of the matrix and WPC was investigated. It was shown that the change of MAPE content in the matrix had no influence on the tensile strength of the matrix, but markedly reduced the impact strength of the matrix. Additionally, it had significant influence on the strength of WPC. When the content of wood flour and the content of the matrix remained fixed, with increasing the content of MAPE in the matrix, the tensile strength and the flexural strength of WPC tended to increase rapidly initially and then become steady. Moreover, with the increasing of MAPE concentration, the impact strength of WPC decreased when the low content of wood flour (30%) was filled, but increased at high wood flour loading (70%).

Exploring the Use of Cork Based Composites for Aerospace Applications

2010 ◽  
Vol 636-637 ◽  
pp. 260-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Silva ◽  
Tessaleno C. Devezas ◽  
A. Silva ◽  
L. Gil ◽  
C. Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Damage Tolerance ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Dynamic Loads ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Matrix

Aerospace components are characterized by having high strength to weight ratios in order to obtain lightweight structures. Recently, different types of sandwich components using composite materials have been developed with the purpose of combining the effect of reinforced face-sheets with low weight core materials, such as honeycombs and foams. However, these materials must combine damage tolerance characteristics with high resistance under both static and dynamic loads. Cork composites can be considered as an alternative material for sandwich components since cork is a natural material with some remarkable properties, such as high damage tolerance to impact loads, good thermal and acoustic insulation capacities and excellent damping characteristics for the suppression of vibrations. The experiments carried out in this investigation were oriented in order to optimize the specific strength of cork based composites for sandwich components. Static bending tests were performed in order to characterize the mechanical strength of different types of cork agglomerates which were obtained considering distinct production variables. The ability to withstand dynamic loads was also evaluated from a set of impact tests using carbon-cork sandwich specimens. The results from experimental tests showed that cork agglomerates performance depends on the cork granulate size, the type of reinforcing elements and the bonding procedure used for the cohesion with the matrix material.

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