scholarly journals Application of 3D Scanning as an Indirect Method to Analyze and Eliminate Errors on the Manufactured Yoke-Type Forgings Forged in SMED Device on Modernized Crank Press

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Jacek Ziemba ◽  
Marek Hawryluk ◽  
Marcin Rychlik
Keyword(s):  
Shape Analysis ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
3D Scanning ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Deformation Analysis ◽  
Manufactured Products ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Proper Operation ◽  
Tool Assembly

This article proposes an indirect measurement method based on a dimensional and shape analysis of forgings for the evaluation of the manufacture and the proper operation of the key elements of the crank press, in which after modernization, a quick tool assembly based on SMED (Single Minute Exchange of Die) was implemented. As a result of the introduced changes aiming at improving the forging aggregate and increasing the production efficiency, errors were observed on the manufactured products-forgings in the form of twists and joggles. In order to solve the problem, a lot of advanced methods was used, including: dynamic system of deformation analysis, numerical modeling and as well as dimensional and shape analysis by 3d scanning. Despite the above, this approach (classic way) did not solve the problem. A proprietary method with the use of 3D reverse scanning was proposed, which allows to solve the problem of forgings errors. Based on the measurement results and analyses for a few variants of production cycles, the necessary changes were obtained, making it possible to minimize the errors and obtain proper products in respect of geometry and quality.

scholarly journals Application of 3D Scanning as an Indirect Method to Analyze and Eliminate Errors on the Manufactured Yoke-Type Forgings Forged in SMED Device on Modernized Crank Press

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Ziemba ◽  
Marek Hawryluk ◽  
Marcin Rychlik
Keyword(s):  
Shape Analysis ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Kinematic Chain ◽  
3D Scanning ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Scanning Method ◽  
System A ◽  
The Press ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Production Cycles

The article proposes an indirect measurement method based on a dimensional and shape analysis of forgings for the evaluation of the manufacture and the proper operation of the key elements of the crank press, in which after modernization, a quick tool assembly based on SMED (Single Minute Exchange of Die) was implemented. As a result of the introduced changes aiming at improving the forging aggregate and increasing the production efficiency, errors were observed on the manufactured products-forgings in the form of twists and joggles. The preliminary analysis showed that they can be clearances and dynamic deformation in the kinematic chain, the occurrence of side forces during automatic forging of the forging in a two-component system (a long, thin element), as well as the design and construction errors in the joining of the SMED instrument with the table tops of the press. In order to solve the presented problem, in the first place, a separate dimensional and shape analysis was made of selected elements of the press and the instrumentation with the use of the 3D scanning method with the purpose to analyze the construction tolerances of the key elements of the press geometry. Next, an evaluation of the effect of clearances and dynamic deformations of the press as well as the force distribution during the forging process was made through numerical modelling. Despite all of the above, such an approach did not make it possible to solve the problem. A proprietary method with the use of 3d reverse scanning was proposed, which allowed to solve the problem of forgings errors. Based on the measurement results and analyses for a few variants of production cycles the necessary changes was obtained, making it possible to minimize the errors and obtain proper products in respect of geometry and quality.

Relationships between progeny residual feed intake and dam productivity traits

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Basarab ◽  
D. McCartney ◽  
E. K. Okine ◽  
V. S. Baron
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Fat Thickness

Two hundred and twenty-two yearling calves and their dams were used to examine the phenotypic (rp) relationships between progeny residual feed intake (RFI) and maternal productivity across 10 production cycles. Progeny RFI ranged from -3.95 to +2.72 kg as fed d-1 (SD = 0.94), while RFI adjusted for off-test backfat thickness (RFIadj), ranged from -2.48 to +1.53 kg as fed d-1 (SD = 0.88). Progeny RFI and RFIadj were unrelated to on-test age, body weight, growth rate, and ultrasound longissimus thoracis area and positively related to feed intake (rp = 0.51 to 0.53; P < 0.001), feed to gain ratio (rp = 0.44 to 0.46; P < 0.001), feeding behaviour traits (rp = 0.29 to 0.36; P < 0.001) and cow RFI (rp = 0.30, P < 0.05). Progeny RFI was positively related to measures of body fat (rp = 0.21 to 0.27; P < 0.05), but these relationships disappeared when RFI was adjusted for off-test backfat thickness. Cows that had produced LOW (≤ 0.5 SD), MEDIUM (± 0.5 SD) or HIGH (≥ 0.5 SD) RFIadj progeny were similar in pregnancy (95.6 vs. 95.3 vs. 96.0%, P = 0.90), calving (84.9 vs. 83.4 vs. 86.3%, P = 0.62) and weaning (81.5 vs. 80.2 vs. 82.3%, P = 0.79) rates. However, cows that produced HIGH RFIadj progeny had a higher twinning rate (3.77 vs. 0.35 vs. 0.00%, P < 0.001) and an increased calf death loss (8.06 vs. 4.24 vs. 4.02%, P = 0.10) compared with cows that produced MEDIUM or LOW RFIadj progeny. Cow body weight over 10 production cycles was similar at weaning, pre-calving and pre-breeding for dams that had produced LOW, MEDIUM and HIGH RFIadj progeny, and dams that produced LOW RFIadj progeny consistently averaged 2–3 mm more back fat thickness than dams that produced HIGH RFIadj progeny. Calf birth weight, pre-weaning ADG and 200-d weight, and cow production efficiency and calving interval were similar among dams that produced LOW, MEDIUM and HIGH RFIadj progeny. In addition, dams that produced LOW RFIadj progeny consumed less feed during their second trimester of pregnancy (10.9 vs. 11.6 vs. 12.2 kg DM d-1, P < 0.05), had lower RFI values (-0.05 vs. 0.44 vs. 1.88 kg as fed d-1, P = 0.018) and calved later in the year (96 vs. 90 vs. 91 d Julian, P < 0.001) than dams that produced MEDIUM and HIGH RFIadj progeny. These results showed that efficient RFI progeny and dams consumed less feed, had improved feed to gain ratio and spent less time in feed activity than inefficient cows and calves. In addition, cows that produced efficient calves were fatter, had fewer twins, less calf death loss and produced the same weight of calf weaned per cow exposed to breeding compared with cows that produced inefficient progeny. However, cows that produced efficient or low RFI progeny calved 5–6 d later in the year than cows that produced inefficient or high RFI progeny, indicating a need to monitor reproductive fitness in low RFI replacement heifers and breeding bulls. Key words: Residual feed intake, cow reproduction, lifetime production efficiency

Instantaneous Liquid Flow Rate Measurement Utilizing the Dynamics of Laminar Pipe Flow

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Manhartsgruber
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Inverse Laplace Transform ◽  
Test Fluid ◽  
Pipe Section ◽  
Circular Pipes ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Value Decomposition ◽  
Laminar Pipe Flow

This paper deals with the utilization of the dynamic characteristics of laminar flow in circular pipes for the indirect measurement of flow rates. A discrete-time state space realization of the transmission line dynamics is computed via inverse Laplace transform and an identification and model reduction method based on the singular value decomposition. This dynamic system is used for the computation of the flow rate at one end of a pipe section. Special attention is paid to the identification of the speed of sound and the dimensionless dissipation number of the pipe section, since exact knowledge of these parameters is crucial for the reliability of the measurement results. First, experimental validation results are given in a limited range of operating frequencies between 100 Hz and 2000 Hz. Flow rate variations within ±1.2 l/min have been measured with an uncertainty of ±0.07 l/min at the 95% confidence level. The test fluid was mineral oil.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF MEASUREMENT ACCURACY IN DETERMINING THE MASS OF BULK MATERIALS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Galina V. Simonova
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurement ◽  
Fractional Control

The article is devoted to the assessment the error in determining the mass of a sample bulk materials when using the values of their bulk density. Precisely the accuracy of measurement results is necessary in many fields of activity to ensure the efficiency and safety of technological processes, as well as improving product quality. The relevance of this work is associated with the assessment of the inevitable deviations of the bulk density the same material in a given volume as a result of an uncontrolled fractional composition of a sample of bulk material. As a consequence of these deviations, an error arises in determining the mass of a sample of a given volume, even if this volume is an uniquely determined quantity. The paper presents the results of studies of the influence of the fractional composition of bulk materials on the determination of their mass in the indirect measurement method. A significant effect of the fractional composition of bulk materials on the error of the indirect method for determining the mass of the sample was revealed. It is shown, that there is a need for fractional control of the composition of bulk materials in the development of control operations of technological processes, as well as restrictions on the use of bulk density with increased requirements for the accuracy of determining the mass of a sample.

scholarly journals The moment of initial crystallization captured on functionalized nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hironobu Machida ◽  
Takeshi Sugahara ◽  
Izumi Hirasawa
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Silver Iodide ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Functionalized Nanoparticles ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Manufactured Products ◽  
The Moment

AbstractEven if a liquid is cooled below its melting point, the liquid state can be maintained under certain conditions. This state is called supercooling. Spraying fine particles of dry ice or silver iodide induces a phase change from supercooled droplets to ice grains. However, the mechanism by which crystallization seeds diminish supercooling is not well understood. Here, we captured the moment when a cluster, which is the smallest structural unit of a crystal, envelops a silver nanoparticle. As a result of observing the structure of a supercooled aqueous solution of a clathrate hydrate, we found that silver nanoparticles accelerate the formation of clusters, whereas the noble metals palladium, gold and iridium likewise form nanoparticles but do not promote crystallization. Our discoveries elucidate the mechanism of heterogeneous nucleation during a phase change in clathrate hydrates. We anticipate our discovery to be the starting point for the control of supercooling, a technique that can be applied to enhance the production efficiency and quality of manufactured products.

scholarly journals The influence of particulate contamination in diesel fuel on the damage to fuel injection systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 177 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
Zbigniew STĘPIEŃ
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Engine Test ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Particulate Contamination ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Proper Operation ◽  
Type Fuel

The impact of various size particulate contamination on the process of accelerated wear followed by damage to the fuel injection sys-tem has been studied in long-term tests on an engine test stand. Also processes of tribological wear of working components of fuel injec-tors and of high pressure pumps material has been characterised. Measurement results of particulate contamination in diesel fuels available on the Polish market have been presented, referred to requirements of the PN-EN590 standard and of the Worldwide Fuel Charter. In the summary attention has been drawn to the growing problem of particulate contamination in fuels available on the market, and in particular their threat to durability and proper operation of increasingly complex and precisely manufactured HPCR type fuel injection systems.

Modelling subsidence in the Hanoi City area, Vietnam

2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trinh M Thu ◽  
Delwyn G Fredlund
Keyword(s):  
Deformation Analysis ◽  
Groundwater Pumping ◽  
City Area ◽  
Water Pumping ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Stress Deformation ◽  
Sand And Gravel ◽  
The City ◽  
Effect Of Surface ◽  
Good Agreement

A study of land subsidence due to groundwater pumping in the city of Hanoi, Vietnam, was conducted by collecting and analyzing data on the geology, hydrology, soil properties, and observed settlements. The city of Hanoi is underlain by sediments consisting of organic and inorganic clays, silt, peat, sand, and gravel. The pumping of groundwater causes consolidation of compressible aquitard layers. The water demand for the city of Hanoi is increasing with time. The present total rate of water pumping is 450 000 m3/day, and there is a proposal to increase the rate to 751 000 m3/day by the year 2010. This research program involved the modelling of seepage related to pumping along with a stress-deformation analysis. The effect of surface infiltration was also modelled. The settlements computed for parts of the city of Hanoi were compared with measurements of settlement in the city area. The simulation results appear to be in fairly good agreement with the measurement results. The study showed that subsidence due to groundwater pumping is a serious problem in the city of Hanoi. It is important to continue to measure settlements and compute possible deformations associated with actual rates of pumping.Key words: subsidence, settlement, groundwater pumping, stress-deformation modelling, seepage modelling.

scholarly journals Harmonic Analysis of Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter

2019 ◽  
pp. 170-174
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Measurement ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Multilevel Inverter ◽  
Harmonic Content ◽  
Voltage Output ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Comparative Results ◽  
Proper Operation

This paper proposes harmonic comparison between symmetrical and asymmetrical CHB MLI using multiple carrier based phase disposition PWM technique (PDPWM). Topologies of different multilevel inverter are reported in the literature, but mainly this work focuses on the harmonic comparison of symmetrical and asymmetrical cascaded MLI with same count of sources and switches. In this paper, PWM switching technique for harmonic comparison of both symmetrical and asymmetrical cascaded MLI is PD. Total harmonic distortion is analyzed in FFT window. Results are observed in SIMULINK/MATLAB software. In these comparative results we can see that an asymmetrical configuration is producing higher voltage levels in voltage output with equal quantity of component compared with the 5-level symmetric inverter and this could lead towards the reduction in harmonic content of output voltage. The benefits of this method of control are applicability and simplicity for n-levels MLI, with no any considerable change in the control circuitry. The experimental measurement results validate proper operation of the discussed MLI.

Development of Ship-Building Assembly System for Ship’s Blocks Using 3D Measurements System

2014 ◽  
Vol 635-637 ◽  
pp. 621-624
Author(s):  
Dong Myung Lee ◽  
Soo Young Kim ◽  
Byung Young Moon
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Virtual Assembly ◽  
Thin Plates ◽  
Assembly System ◽  
Deformation Analysis ◽  
Measurement Information ◽  
3D Measurement ◽  
Ship Building ◽  
Block Construction

Most of Shipyards have adopted block construction method. In spite of efficiency, this method has been reported lots of problems. Overlap or gap between blocks, such problems are mainly caused by deformation of blocks. The ship’s block is built by thin plates which are processed by cutting and welding, etc. Deformation of block comes from process of plates by cutting and welding in the stage of block assembly. In the stage of block erection, overlapping or gap occurs between block’s parts which are caused by deformation of blocks. So, block accuracy management is the key point to production efficiency of shipyards. In this study suggests a 3D measurement based Virtual Assembly System (VAS) to solve those problems. This study specified principle function of VAS and implemented to check validity of principle function. Principle function of VAS is analysis of block’s deformation between design and measurement information and performs block erection process with measurement information in virtual assembly space. According to these principle functions, VAS has been implemented with ACIS for 3D geometric modelling kernel and HOOPS for 3D visualization library. Block deformation analysis and virtual block erection has been performed with two ship block to check validity of VAS.

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