scholarly journals A Comprehensive Study about the Role of Crosslink Density on the Tribological Behavior of DLC Coated Rubber

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 5460
Author(s):  
Suleyman Bayrak ◽  
Dominik Paulkowski ◽  
Klaus Werner Stöckelhuber ◽  
Benjamin Staar ◽  
Bernd Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
Functional Layer ◽  
Wear And Friction ◽  
Substrate Properties ◽  
The Impact

The friction and wear behavior of coated rubber components is strongly dependent on the substrate properties. This work deals with the impact of the crosslink density, i.e., the hardness of the rubber substrate on the tribological performance of uncoated and coated rubber. The hardness of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) is varied altering the sulfur content. Both the uncoated and coated rubber samples are characterized in terms of surface and mechanical properties. Tribological tests comprise the examination of the macroscopic contact area and the temperature in the contact zone. It was found that the functional layer enhances the wear resistance significantly. Apparently, the wear and friction behavior of the coated rubber correlates with the hardness and the bulk properties of the substrate material.

scholarly journals Hybrid Interface in Sepiolite Rubber Nanocomposites: Role of Self-Assembled Nanostructure in Controlling Dissipative Phenomena

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elkid Cobani ◽  
Irene Tagliaro ◽  
Marco Geppi ◽  
Luca Giannini ◽  
Philippe Leclère ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analysis ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Resonance Analysis ◽  
Self Assembled ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
The Impact

Sepiolite (Sep)–styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) nanocomposites were prepared by using nano-sized sepiolite (NS-SepS9) fibers, obtained by applying a controlled surface acid treatment, also in the presence of a silane coupling agent (NS-SilSepS9). Sep/SBR nanocomposites were used as a model to study the influence of the modified sepiolite filler on the formation of immobilized rubber at the clay-rubber interface and the role of a self-assembled nanostructure in tuning the mechanical properties. A detailed investigation at the macro and nanoscale of such self-assembled structures was performed in terms of the organization and networking of Sep fibers in the rubber matrix, the nature of both the filler–filler and filler–rubber interactions, and the impact of these features on the reduced dissipative phenomena. An integrated multi-technique approach, based on dynamic measurements, nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, and morphological investigation, assessed that the macroscopic mechanical properties of clay nanocomposites can be remarkably enhanced by self-assembled filler structures, whose formation can be favored by manipulating the chemistry at the hybrid interfaces between the clay particles and the polymers.

Effects of tension fatigue on the structure and properties of carbon black filled-SBR and SBR/TPI blends

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Liu Yang ◽  
Kaikai Liu ◽  
Zijun Gu ◽  
Aihua Du
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Tan Δ ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The aim of this study was to explore the impact of tension fatigue on the structure and properties of filled SBR and SBR/TPI blends. The effect of tension fatigue on the dynamic properties of carbon black-filled styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and SBR/trans-1,4-polyisoprene (SBR/TPI) blend vulcanizates were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The Mooney-Rivlin analysis of tensile stress-strain data is used for the determination of a rubber network crosslink density. The fatigue fracture surface of SBR/TPI vulcanizates was observed with a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The crystallinity of TPI in carbon black-filled SBR/TPI (80/20) was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the incorporation of TPI into SBR vulcanizates influences the fatigue properties of the blend vulcanizates. The blend vulcanizates showed optimum fatigue properties with 20 phr TPI. With increasing fatigue cycles, the tensile properties and crosslink density of SBR vulcanizates were decreased substantially. Compared with that of SBR vulcanizates, the tensile properties and crosslink density of SBR/TPI (80/20) blend vulcanizates changed little with the increase in fatigue cycles, and tan δ and E′ decreased gradually with the fatigue cycles. There was a sharp decrease in the E′ and tan δ curve in the temperature range of 40 ~ 60°C. The XRD diffraction peak corresponding to 3.9 Å broadened when the fatigue cycles were increased to 1 million times, and a new peak with inter-planar spacing at 7.6 and 4.7 Å appeared.

Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of A356-ZrO2 Metal Matrix Composite

2015 ◽  
Vol 1125 ◽  
pp. 116-120
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Ghandvar ◽  
Saeed Farahany ◽  
Mohd Hasbullah Idris ◽  
Mohammadreza Daroonparvar
Keyword(s):  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Adhesive Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
A356 Alloy ◽  
Matrix Alloy ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
Wear And Friction

Dry sliding wear and friction behavior of cast A356 Al-Si alloy and composite containing 5wt. % ZrO2 particles were studied by means of a pins-on-disk apparatus over loads of 5N, 20N and a sliding speed of 0.628m/s. The experimental results showed that the composites exhibited a higher wear resistance in comparison to that of the unreinforced A356 alloy. The friction coefficient of tested materials increased with increasing applied load from 5 to 20 N. FESEM investigations revealed that the wear mechanism of the A356 matrix alloy changed from sever abrasive, adhesive wear into mild abrasion and adhesive wear with addition of 5wt. % ZrO2 reinforcement particles.

Friction and wear behavior of a PMMA-SiO2 coating on hardened steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 1613 ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Luis E. Torres-Parga ◽  
Carolina Hernández-Navarro ◽  
Karla J. Moreno-Bello ◽  
J.S. García-Miranda ◽  
Luis D. Aguilera-Camacho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Hardened Steel ◽  
Protective Film ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
A Value ◽  
Wear And Friction ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Steel Substrates

ABSTRACTSol-gel coatings show an excellent chemical stability, oxidation control and enhanced corrosion resistance for metal substrates. An organic-inorganic hybrid consisting of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and silica (SiO2) was successfully synthesized in the form of solution, by using 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (TMSPM) as a coupling agent and cohydrolyzed with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) to afford chemical bondings to the forming silica networks by a sol-gel method. The as-synthesized hybrid material was subsequently characterized by Fourier Transformation infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. PMMA-SiO2 was applied as a protective film on hardness steel substrates by dip-coating. The thickness of the coating was 25 µm, while the roughness Ra = 0.6 µm. The wear and friction behavior of the coating on hardened steel (HS) was evaluated by a ball-on-disk test in dry conditions with a AISI steel ball as counterface applying 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 N normal loads. Friction coefficient values (µk) were in the range of 0.76 to 0.99, whereas the lowest wear rate (k) was observed at 6N with a value of 1.30x10-4 (mm3(Nm)-1).

Effect of crystal size on the tribological behavior of manganese phosphate coatings under lubricated sliding

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (10) ◽  
pp. 1285-1292
Author(s):  
Nicolás S Fochesatto ◽  
Camila Müller ◽  
Nicolás A Zabala ◽  
Pablo A Castro ◽  
Walter R Tuckart
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Size ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Activator Concentration ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
Manganese Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Coatings ◽  
Wear And Friction ◽  
Optical Profilometer ◽  
Sliding Distance ◽  
Wear Tests

In this study, the wear and friction behavior of manganese phosphate coatings with different crystal sizes were investigated. Crystal size was controlled modifying the chemical composition of the phosphating bath, particularly the concentration of the activator which modifies the number of nuclei for crystal growth. Activator concentration range used for this work varied from 0 to 0.7 g/L, and crystal size was measured using image analysis software on scanning electron microscopy photographs. Available volume for lubricant retention was determined measuring the phosphated surface with a 3D optical profilometer. At the same time, lubricated wear tests were carried out using a ring-on-block configuration at low speeds (23 mm/s) and high loads (14,500 N). Wear behavior was determined as the sliding distance to failure, which was noticed through signs of removal of the phosphate along with the increase of coefficient of friction. It was found that there is a competition between the availability of volume to hold the lubricant, which increases with the crystal size, and the surface coverage, which diminishes as the crystal size grows. Optimal results were obtained for an activator concentration of 0.3 g/L, which meant an average crystal size of 16 µm.

Abrasive wear behavior of Al-TiB2 and Al-TiB2-nano-graphite metal matrix composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 146442072199158
Author(s):  
Suswagata Poria ◽  
Goutam Sutradhar ◽  
Prasanta Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Grit Size ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
Uniform Dispersion ◽  
Wear And Friction ◽  
Abrasive Wear Behavior

This paper deals with abrasive wear behavior of two different composite materials namely Al-TiB2 and Al-TiB2-nano-graphite. At the time of fabrication, ultrasonic vibration is used along with mechanical stirrer to obtain uniform dispersion of micro (TiB2) and nano (graphite) reinforcement phase. Uniform dispersion is confirmed through SEM images of cast composites. Micro-hardness values are obtained for composites and base alloy. Wear tests under two-body abrasion are performed by a tribological test apparatus where composite pins are being rubbed against a disc holding different grades of SiC abrasives: 240 grit, 320 grit and 400 grit. Operating load is varied between 10N and 30N while sliding speed and duration of sliding are kept fixed. Effects of load, reinforcing phase content and abrasive grit size on abrasive wear and friction behavior have been evaluated. Al-TiB2 composites demonstrate higher wear resistance and better friction behavior in comparison with base alloy under all operating conditions. Addition of nano-graphite phase contributes in achieving better abrasive wear and friction performance of Al-TiB2 composites. With increase in grit size, wear reduces for composites and base alloy while wear increases with load. Worn surfaces of samples and emery papers are studied using SEM micrographs and EDX maps. Wear debris at different operating conditions are studied also using SEM and EDX. Operative wear mechanisms are identified from the experimental results.

The Unlubricated Sliding Wear Behavior of a Wrought Cobalt-Chromium Alloy Against Monolithic Ceramic Counterfaces

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 668-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. Cooper ◽  
C. L. Rollend ◽  
D. H. Krouse
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Chromium Alloy ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Material Degradation ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
Solution Treated ◽  
Wear And Friction ◽  
Cobalt Chromium Alloy

The unlubricated sliding wear and friction behavior of a wrought cobalt-chromium alloy against sintered Al2O3, ZrO2-toughened Al2O3, MgO-partially-stabilized ZrO2, and hot-pressed Si3N4 ceramic counterfaces has been investigated. Both untreated (baseline) and surface-borided conditions of alloy 6B disks were investigated. The dominant wear and/or material degradation mechanism for surface-borided alloy 6B was a combination of abrasion and plastic deformation; in addition, adhesive transfer of the cobalt alloy to monolithic Al2O3 counterfaces was a significant wear mechanism for the as-solution-treated alloy 6B disk. For the partially stabilized ZrO2 counterface, the degradation mechanism involved thermal and/or mechanical fatigue processes, resulting in the formation of microcracks in the 6B disks transverse to the sliding direction. This microcracking has been ascribed to the low thermal conductivity of the partially stabilized ZrO2 and the activation of a martensitic, fcc-to-hcp transition with each passing of the ZrO2 ball. For borided alloy 6B against hot-pressed Si3N4, a transition from negligible to severe wear was noted with increasing sliding speeds.

Establishing a correlation between friction performance and tribolayer formation using engineered mineral fibres

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Neomy Zaquen ◽  
Desire Tegels ◽  
Arno Kerssemakers ◽  
Fernao Persoon
Keyword(s):  
Test Results ◽  
Third Body ◽  
Transfer Layer ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
Mineral Fibers ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Friction Performance ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper relates the friction performance to the tribolayer formation when using engineered mineral fibers in the friction formulation. A non-asbestos organic non-steel copper-free passenger car-disc pad (NAO) non-steel Cu-free PC-DP) formulation is used to investigate the impact of the fibers on the third body formation and its influence on performance and wear. Full scale dynamometer performance (AK-Master) test results show the pronounced effect of the fiber length on the friction performance. While a similar overall coefficient of friction (CoF) of around 0.33 is observed in all 3 cases, more stable friction behavior is observed for the longer fibers , with less variation. This behaviour is even more observed in the fade and high temperature sections. Especially the use of fibre spheres shows quite some unique features over the other tested mineral fibers, especially with respect to pad / disc wear. To understand these differences in performance, the transfer layer and tribolayer on the disc and brake pad are investigated respectively by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Formulations showing excellent performance results so far show the formation of a smooth transfer film on the disc. No grooves are visible and a continuous iron oxide layer is formed at the surface. The tribolayer of the corresponding brake pads nicely shows the formation of a compacted thin layer at the surface. In addition, the importance of mineral fibers in the formulation is highlighted, as they are at the core of the tribolayer formation. This work is a step forward towards understanding the role of mineral fibers in a friction formulation and shows its importance towards reducing non-exhaust emissions.

scholarly journals Wear and Residual Stress Analysis of Waste Sea Shell and B4C Particles Reinforced Green Hybrid Aluminium Metal Composite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipin Kumar Sharma ◽  
◽  
Sri Kant Rana ◽  
Roop Lal ◽  
Ramakant Rana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
Wear And Friction ◽  
B4c Particles ◽  
B4c Powder ◽  
Aluminium Metal

Present work, evaluates the effects of Sea shell and B4C powder on the mechanical behavior of the aluminium material (Al 6082). Stir casting method was used to fabricate a hybrid composite of Al 6082 with sea shell and B4C. A linear reciprocating tribometer was used to evaluate the wear and friction behavior. The addition of sea shell and B4C particles, resulted in 7-13 % reduction in coefficient of friction and 32-43 % improvement in wear resistance as compared to the Al 6082 alloy. The average Vicker hardness was also improved by 20-70 %. The residual stresses developed during the mechanical testing were also measured to inspect the generation of residual stresses in the fabricated composite. Optical micrographs and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were obtained to analyze the prepared composites for the wear behavior. Waste sea shells were reinforced with B4C in Al 6082 alloys. Microhardness along with microstructure and residual stress of the developed green hybrid aluminium metal composite are compared and presented. The wear and friction data have also been shown in this paper for the use of green hybrid aluminium composite in tribological applications.

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