scholarly journals Numerical Prediction of Residual Stresses Distribution in Thin-Walled Press-Braked Stainless Steel Sections

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 5378
Author(s):  
Ayad Mutafi ◽  
Noorfaizal Yidris ◽  
Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor ◽  
Michal Petrů
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Residual Stress Distribution ◽  
Material Anisotropy ◽  
Steel Sections

Stainless steels are increasingly used in construction today, especially in harsh environments, in which steel corrosion commonly occurs. Cold-formed stainless steel structures are currently increasing in popularity because of its efficiency in load-bearing capacity and its appealing architectural appearance. Cold-rolling and press-braking are the cold-working processes used in the forming of stainless steel sections. Press braking can produce large cross-sections from thin to thick-walled sections compared to cold-rolling. Cold-forming in press-braked sections significantly affect member behaviour and joints; therefore, they have attained great attention from many researchers to initiate investigations on those effects. This paper examines the behaviour of residual stress distribution of stainless steel press-braked sections by implementing three-dimensional finite element (3D-FE) technique. The study proposed a full finite element procedure to predict the residual stresses starting from coiling-uncoiling to press-braking. This work considered material anisotropy to examine its effect on the residual stress distribution. The technique adopted was compared with different finite element techniques in the literature. This study also provided a parametric study for three corner radius-to-thickness ratios looking at the through-thickness residual stress distribution of four stainless steels (i.e., ferritic, austenitic, duplex, lean duplex) in which have their own chemical composition. In conclusion, the comparison showed that the adopted technique provides a detailed prediction of residual stress distribution. The influence of geometrical aspects is more pronounced than the material properties. Neglecting the material anisotropy shows higher shifting in the neutral axis. The parametric study showed that all stainless steel types have the same stress through-thickness distribution. Moreover, R/t ratios’ effect is insignificant in all transverse residual stress distributions, but a slight change to R/t ratios can affect the longitudinal residual stress distribution.

On Axisymmetric Residual Stresses in Tubes With Longitudinally Nonuniform Stress Distribution

1993 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nishimura
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Residual Stress Distribution ◽  
New Method ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Simple Modification ◽  
X Ray

New equations for calculating residual stress distribution are derived from the theory of elasticity for tubes. The initial distribution of the stresses including the shearing stress is computed from longitudinal distributions of residual stresses measured by the X-ray methods at the surface after removal of successive concentric layers of material. For example, the residual stresses of a steel tube quenched in water were measured by the X-ray diffraction method. The new method was also applied to a short tube with hypothetical residual stress distribution. An alternative finite element analysis was made for a verification. The residual stresses computed by finite element modeling agreed well with the hypothetical residual stresses measured. This shows that good results can be expected from the new method. The equations can also be used for bars by simple modification.

A method for the measurement of residual stresses using a fracture mechanics approach

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
K J Kang ◽  
J H Song ◽  
Y Y Earmme
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Fracture Mechanics ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Residual Stress Distribution ◽  
The State ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Finite Element Analyses ◽  
Simple Method

A simple method for measuring residual stresses in a plate is described. In this method residual stresses are evaluated using a fracture mechanics approach, that is, the strains or displacements measured at a point on the edge of a plate as a crack is introduced and extended from the edge are used to deduce the state of stresses that existed in the uncracked plate. Through finite element analyses and experiments this method is shown to be valid and effective for measuring the two-dimensional residual stress distribution of a welded plate.

scholarly journals Semi-Empirical Prediction of Residual Stress Profiles in Machining IN718 Alloy Using Bimodal Gaussian Curve

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 3864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong ◽  
Peng ◽  
Cheng ◽  
Xing ◽  
Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Gaussian Function ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Residual Stress Distribution ◽  
Stress Profiles ◽  
Semi Empirical

Residual stresses are often imposed on the end-product due to mechanical and thermal loading during the machining process, influencing the distortion and fatigue life. This paper proposed an original semi-empirical method to predict the residual stress distribution along the depth direction. In the statistical model of the method, the bimodal Gaussian function was innovatively used to fit Inconel 718 alloy residual stress profiles obtained from the finite element model, achieving a great fit precision from 89.0% to 99.6%. The coefficients of the bimodal Gaussian function were regressed with cutting parameters by the random forest algorithm. The regression precision was controlled between 80% and 85% to prevent overfitting. Experiments, compromising cylindrical turning and residual stress measurements, were conducted to modify the finite element results. The finite element results were convincing after the experiment modification, ensuring the rationality of the statistical model. It turns out that predicted residual stresses are consistent with simulations and predicted data points are within the range of error bars. The max error of predicted surface residual stress (SRS) is 113.156 MPa, while the min error is 23.047 MPa. As for the maximum compressive residual stress (MCRS), the max error is 93.025 MPa, and the min error is 22.233 MPa. Considering the large residual stress value of Inconel 718, the predicted error is acceptable. According to the semi-empirical model, the influence of cutting parameters on the residual stress distribution was investigated. It shows that the cutting speed influences circumferential and axial MCRS, circumferential and axial depth of settling significantly, and thus has the most considerable influence on the residual stress distribution. Meanwhile, the depth of cut has the least impact because it only affects axial MCRS and axial depth of settling significantly.

Surface Integrity of Die Material in High Speed Hard Machining, Part 2: Microhardness Variations and Residual Stresses

1999 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 632-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. I. El-Wardany ◽  
H. A. Kishawy ◽  
M. A. Elbestawi
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Residual Stress Distribution ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Hard Machining ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Workpiece Surface

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the quality and integrity of the surface produced during high speed hard machining (HSHM) of D2 tool steel in its hardened state (60–62 HRc). Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride (PCBN) tools are used in this study. The results obtained from the micro-graphical analysis of the surface produced are presented in Part 1 of this paper. In Part 2 micro-hardness and residual stress analyses are presented. Microhardness measurements are conducted beneath the machined surface. X-ray diffraction analysis is performed to obtain the residual stress distribution beneath the surface. Analytically, a 3-D thermo-elasto-plastic finite element model is developed to predict the residual stresses induced in the workpiece surface. In the model the cutting zone is specified based on the tool condition (i.e., sharp or worn). The finite element analysis demonstrates the significant effect of the heat generated during cutting on the residual stress distribution. The results illustrate the possibility of minimizing the high tensile residual stresses produced in the workpiece surface, by selecting the appropriate depth of cut. A good correlation between the analytical and predicted residual stress is obtained. [S1087-1357(00)00804-2]

Crack Analysis of a Pressure Vessel Using the API 579-1/ASME FFS-1

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose de Jesus L. Carvajalino ◽  
José Luiz F. Freire ◽  
Vitor Eboli L. Paiva ◽  
José Eduardo Maneschy ◽  
Jorge G. Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Residual Stress Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Austenitic Steels

This paper presents a structural integrity evaluation of a duplex stainless steel pressure vessel containing several flaws detected in a longitudinal weld. The evaluation had the objective of determining whether the pressure vessel was suitable to continue in operation or whether it should be immediately repaired or even replaced. Due to timely issues, a first analysis was conducted in accordance with the 2007 edition of the API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 Standard [1]. A second analysis was later repeated based on the 2016 edition [1]. Results obtained from both analyses were compared and presented relevant differences caused by the other calculation procedures used to determine residual stresses generated in the longitudinal welding. The assessment was based on the Failure Assessment Diagram (FAD). The existing indications were detected by ultrasonic examination and were located in one longitudinal weld. The assessment evaluations used stress intensity factors for the opening mode I, KI, obtained for two cases: 1) the combination of the several supposedly interacting cracks into an equivalent crack using the interaction criteria presented in [1]; 2) the allocation of the multiple cracks into a finite element model that took into consideration, more realistically, the interaction among the individual cracks. The total loads and stresses considered in the analysis resulted from a superposition of the design pressure stress and the residual stresses induced by the welding process. Due to lack of information on the material fracture toughness for the duplex stainless steel used in the vessel, the material toughness was estimated using a lower bound value suggested in [1] for common welded stainless austenitic steels, although higher values can be predicted for duplex steels by extending the use of a transition master curve as presented and discussed elsewhere [2–7] and by employing specific Charpy test results for the vessel material. One of the key aspects of the problem was the calculation of the residual stress distribution imposed by the welding process. Two procedures were adopted: one available in the API/ASME Standard issued in 2007, and the other in the 2016 release. The results presented in this paper have demonstrated that the limits of the Standard 2007 are conservatively satisfied when the Level 3 assessment is applied. The re-analysis of the vessel when subjected to the residual stress distribution presented in the newest 2016 edition leads to consider the vessel safe under an assessment Level 2. The overall conclusion was that the damaged pressure vessel could continue in service under restrictions of the development of an inspection plan to verify the absence of future crack growth.

scholarly journals Modification of Residual Stresses in Laser Additive Manufactured AlSi10Mg Specimens Using an Ultrasonic Peening Technique

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Xing ◽  
Xiaoming Duan ◽  
Xiaojing Sun ◽  
Haijun Gong ◽  
Liquan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Finite Element Simulation ◽  
Residual Stress Distribution ◽  
Ultrasonic Peening ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
Before And After

Ultrasonic peening treatment (UPT) has been proved to be an effective way of improving residual stresses distribution in weld structures. Thus, it shows a great potential in stress modification for metal parts fabricated by additive manufacturing technology. In this paper, an investigation into the ultrasonic treatment process of AlSi10Mg specimens fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) process was conducted by means of experimental and numerical simulation. The specimens were prepared using a SLM machine, and UPT on their top surface was carried out. The residual stresses were measured with an X-ray stress diffraction device before and after UPT. Meanwhile, a finite element simulation method for analyzing the influence of UPT on the residual stress field of specimens was proposed and validated by experiments. Firstly, the thermal mechanical coupling numerical simulation of the SLM process of the specimen was carried out in order to obtain the residual stress distribution in the as-fabricated specimen. Then, the transient dynamic finite element simulation model of the UPT process of the specimen was established, and the UPT effect analysis was implemented. In the UPT simulation, the residual stress was applied as a pre-stress on the specimen, and the specimen’s material mechanical property was described by the Johnson–Cook model, whose parameters were determined by Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) experiment. The residual stress distribution before and after UPT predicted by the finite element model agree well with the measurement results. This paper concludes with a discussion of the effects of ultrasonic peening time, as well as the frequency and amplitude of the peening needle on residual stress.

Numerical evaluation of the residual stresses in shot peening of alloy steels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahenk Kumar Patanaik ◽  
Gaurav Tiwari ◽  
Akshay R Govande ◽  
B Ratna Sunil ◽  
Ravikumar Dumpala
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Shot Peening ◽  
Compressive Residual Stress ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Residual Stress Distribution ◽  
Target Plate

Abstract In the present numerical study, the residual stresses generated during the shot peening process were evaluated using the finite element method. The influence of shot velocity on the residual stress distribution due to the indentation of a rigid shot over the target plate of alloy steel was studied. The finite element package ABAQUS 6.20 is used for simulating the shot peening process considering the target plate to be deformable. A parametric study was performed by introducing strain hardening rate as H1 = 800 MPa, keeping the dimension of target plate same with variation in shot velocity 20, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 m/s to check the behavior of residual stress distribution. As the indentation takes place over the metallic target plate, elastic-plastic deformation was observed. The indentation of the shot with a different velocity range causes the difference in the depth and size of the dent and induces the compressive residual stress. For perfectly plastic and the strain hardened material, the residual stress contour was simulated. The simulated results for strain hardened material show the significant change in the compressive residual stress in the sub-surface region of the target plate. It is evident from the results that the shot velocity has a significant effect on the residual stress distribution. The maximum compressive residual stress is achieved when the shot is indented at a velocity of 125 m/s.

Residual stresses in a large circular disc caused by local heating and cooling at its centre

1971 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
T R Gurney
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Residual Stress Distribution ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Heating And Cooling

By means of a form of finite-element analysis and use of a theoretical, radially symmetrical, temperature distribution, the residual stresses resulting from spot heating at the centre of a large circular plate have been calculated. The investigation was concerned in particular with defining the effect of variations in material yield stress, rate of heat input, and peak temperature on the residual-stress distribution.

Residual Stress Measurement on a Narrow Gap Dissimilar Metal Weld Pipe

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Ficquet ◽  
Laurie Chidwick ◽  
Philippe Gilles ◽  
Pierre Joly
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Residual Stress Distribution ◽  
Narrow Gap ◽  
Mapping Procedure ◽  
Assessment Procedures

Prior knowledge of the magnitude and distribution of residual stresses in welded components is essential if a cost effective analyses of the integrity of the components is to be made. AREVA NP has recently developed, for EPR applications, narrow gap welding techniques, for joining ferritic low alloy steel heavy section components to austenitic, stainless steel piping systems, in nuclear reactors. An appraisal of available measurement methods was carried out and two residual stress measurement techniques were used to obtain through-thickness residual stress distributions in a fully circumferential narrow gap welded pipe, the neutron diffraction, which is not presented in this paper and the deep hole drilling (DHD) method. The DHD method was used to obtain the axial and hoop residual stresses along the weld centreline and on the heat affected zone in the ferritic and stainless steel sides up to depths of about 40mm from the outer surface of the pipe. The measured residual stress distribution in the weld centreline is compared with representative residual stress distribution provided in UK safety assessment procedures. It is found that the current safety assessment procedures BS 7910:2005 and R6 are conservative. The DHD measurements were made only at limited points in and adjacent to the circumferential weld. In order to estimate the complete residual stress distribution present in the pipe, a measurement mapping procedure using finite element (FE) analysis was implemented. Therefore this paper also provides the estimates of the full residual stress state present in the pipe based on the mapping procedure.

Test on residual stress distribution of welded S600E high-strength stainless steel sections

2020 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 105994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baofeng Zheng ◽  
Sen Yang ◽  
Xin Jin ◽  
Ganping Shu ◽  
Shutong Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Residual Stress Distribution ◽  
Steel Sections
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