scholarly journals Effect of Thermal and Oxidative Aging on Asphalt Binders Rheology and Chemical Composition

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4438
Author(s):  
Ingrid Gabrielle do Nascimento Camargo ◽  
Bernhard Hofko ◽  
Johannes Mirwald ◽  
Hinrich Grothe
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Ambient Atmosphere ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Oxidative Aging ◽  
Aging Test

Aging of asphalt binders is one of the main causes of its hardening, which negatively affects the cracking and fatigue resistance of asphalt binders. Understanding asphalt aging is crucial to improve the durability of asphalt pavements. In this regard, this study aims at understanding and differentiating the effect of temperature and oxygen uptake on the aging mechanisms of unmodified asphalt binders. For that, four laboratory aging procedures were employed. The two standardized procedures, rolling thin-film oven test (RTFOT) and pressure aging vessel (PAV), were considered to simulate the short-term and long-term aging of the asphalt binders, respectively. In addition, two thin-film aging test procedures, the nitrogen atmosphere oven aging test (NAAT) and ambient atmosphere oven aging test (OAAT) were employed to assess the effect of thermal and oxidative aging on unmodified asphalt binder properties. The NAAT procedure is based on the principle that the inert gas minimizes the oxidative aging. The rheological and chemical characterization showed that the high temperatures considered during the NAAT procedure did not change the properties of the unmodified asphalt binders. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that no significant thermal and oxidative aging was observed during NAAT aging procedure for the considered binders and that oxidative aging is the main cause for the hardening.

scholarly journals Optical Characterization of Asphalt Binders Containing Wax Additives

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mithil Mazumder ◽  
Raju Ahmed ◽  
Moon-Sup Lee ◽  
Soon-Jae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Optical Characterization ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Oxidative Aging ◽  
Modified Binder

In between thermal-oxidative (heat and oxygen) and photo-oxidative (ultraviolet irradiation and oxygen) aging process of bitumen, photo-oxidative aging mainly depends on the optical properties of the asphalt binder. The higher the reflection (or the lower the absorption of the binders), the better the pavement serviceability. The literature review indicates that there is limited research conducted on the optical properties of the binder with wax additives. In this paper, the optical properties of commonly used binders (PG 64-22, Rubber modified binder, and SBS modified binder) containing wax additives (LEADCAP and Sasobit) were investigated using UV-Vis spectrometer. The result of this study showed that (1) the addition of modifiers (crumb rubber and SBS) with the base binder slightly increases the absorption of the binder; (2) the binder types and aging level have significant contribution on optical properties; (3) in general, the aged binders were observed to have higher reflectivity compared to the unaged binders; and (4) the addition of wax additives is observed to have a significant effect on the optical properties.

Composition and Oxidation Dependence of Glass Transition in Epoxy Asphalt

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110242
Author(s):  
Panos Apostolidis ◽  
Xueyan Liu ◽  
Sandra Erkens ◽  
Tom Scarpas
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Composition Dependence ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Oxidative Aging ◽  
Epoxy Asphalt ◽  
Ideal Mixing ◽  
Durable Polymer ◽  
Asphalt Materials

Miscibility, and lack of it, is decisive for durable polymer-modified asphalt binders and reflects the long-term performance of asphalt materials in terms of fatigue and thermal cracking. In this work, the glass transition behavior of epoxy asphalt will be assessed extensively after different oxidative aging time periods using differential scanning calorimetry. The composition dependence of glass transition in epoxy asphalt binders over oxidative aging is evaluated by emphasizing the deviation of glass transition temperature ( Tg) with the change in sign and magnitude. An entropy-based analysis of glass transitions in epoxy asphalt is discussed as well. The blends formulated by epoxy and asphalt binder have shown an increase of the Tg deviation from the ideal mixing rule over oxidative aging. Two different shapes of the composition dependence of the Tg values are observed between the blends with and without fillers but showing both distinct positive deviations from the case of mixing ideal materials. The Tg and heat capacity ( Cp) parameters determined in relation to the epoxy asphalt composition provide insights into the effect of limestone fillers on the oxidation-induced embrittlement of epoxy asphalt materials. The results could help select the epoxy proportion in asphalt to develop super-durable and long-lasting pavement materials.

Impact of Recycled Materials and Recycling Agents on Asphalt Binder Oxidative Aging Predictions

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (28) ◽  
pp. 277-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Pournoman ◽  
Elie Y. Hajj ◽  
Nathan Morian ◽  
Amy Epps Martin
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Recycled Asphalt ◽  
Recycled Materials ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Oxidative Aging ◽  
Cracking Potential ◽  
Binder Oxidation ◽  
The Individual

The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of selected recycling agents (RAs) and recycled materials on the development of cracking potential with respect to oxidative aging. Given the complex nature of varying base asphalt binders, recycled materials, whether recycled asphalt pavement (RAP), reclaimed asphalt shingles (RAS), or both, and the complexity of their combined interactions with recycling agents, standard evaluation protocols for binder grading and evaluation may be insufficient. The binder blend aging predictions or oxidation modeling evaluation was introduced as a means to evaluate the combined influence of both binder oxidation kinetics and resulting rheological changes on the measured cracking potential of the various binder blends—that is, Glover–Rowe (G-R) parameter—driven by temperature estimation modeling over simulated in-service durations at example geographic locations. This evaluation has demonstrated the importance of adequate characterization of the specific materials being used in conjunction with selection of the correct dose of the appropriate recycling agent to ensure sufficient resistance to cracking and embrittlement of proposed material combinations. The combined influence of all the interested components did not always add up to the sum of the individual parts, nor are the measured interactions consistent with increased levels of oxidation. Therefore, the prevailing conclusion of the study as a whole indicated that material-specific evaluations are needed to identify the complex interactions taking place within the material combinations of interest, but also multiple levels of aging at appropriate intervals may be necessary for comprehensive characterization.

Modelling short-term aging of asphalt binders using the rolling thin film oven test

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Shalaby
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Phase Angle ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Temperature Shift ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Oven Test

Simulation of short-term aging of asphalt binders is a widely used procedure in asphalt binder characterization for predicting the binder response to plant mixing and paving under controlled laboratory conditions. There are two laboratory test methods for evaluating the short-term aging of asphalt binders: (i) a method using rotating pans filled with a thin asphalt film termed thin film oven test (TFOT) and (ii) a method using rolling cylindrical asphalt containers termed rolling thin film oven test (RTFOT). In this paper, an attempt is made to develop generalized models for short-term aging effects using the RTFOT aging time as a benchmark. Six binder types representing two PG grades and three source suppliers are conditioned to varying levels of RTFOT aging and tested using the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). Aging effects are modelled using independent temperature shift models for the shear modulus and phase angle. The paper discusses the sources of errors in producing generalized models and some potential applications of aging models. The research revealed that it is possible to develop and implement such models for unmodified binders.Key words: asphalt, aging, RTFOT, DSR, binder rheology, shear modulus, phase angle.

scholarly journals Effect of temperature on the fatigue behavior of asphalt binder

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
André K. Kuchiishi ◽  
João Paulo B. Carvalho ◽  
Iuri S. Bessa ◽  
Kamilla L. Vasconcelos ◽  
Liedi L.B. Bernucci
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Testing Temperature ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Dynamic Shear Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Shear

Abstract Asphalt pavement is under different climatic conditions throughout its service life, which means that fatigue cracking does not occur at a specific temperature, but at a temperature range. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the influence of different temperatures in the fatigue life of two asphalt binders: a non-modified binder (penetration grade 30/45) and a highly polymermodified binder (HPMB). The fatigue resistance characterization was performed by means of a linear amplitude sweep (LAS) test at the temperatures of 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30°C using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). From the dynamic shear modulus (|G*|) results, adhesion loss was observed between the binder and the rheometer parallel plate at the lower temperature of 10°C,while at higher temperatures (25 and 30°C) plastic flow was observed rather than fatigue damage. Therefore, considering that the actual test procedure does not specify the testing temperature, the evaluation of failure mechanism is essential to validate test results, because the random selection of test temperature might lead to inconsistent data.

scholarly journals Changes in Nanoscaled Mechanical and Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binders Caused by Aging

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Liu ◽  
Junan Shen ◽  
Xuyan Song
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Atomic Force Microscope ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Adhesive Force ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Dynamic Shear ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Aged Asphalt

Aging of an asphalt binder causes the changes in the microstructure and, consequently, in the nanomechanical and rheological properties of the aged asphalt binder. Short-term aging on asphalt binders was simulated using rotating thin film oven (RTFO). These changes in the microstructure and nanomechanical and rheological properties were measured using atomic force microscope (AFM) and dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). The results indicated that (1) the adhesive force of the asphalt binder from AFM tests was increased after RTFO aging; (2)G*of the asphalt binder from DSR tests increased after RTFO aging; (3) the results from AFM were consistent with those from DSR, explaining the mechanism of the changes of rheological properties.

scholarly journals Material Properties and Environmental Benefits of Hot-Mix Asphalt Mixes Including Local Crumb Rubber Obtained from Scrap Tires

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Lim Min Khiong ◽  
Md. Safiuddin ◽  
Mohammad Abdul Mannan ◽  
Resdiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Rubber Content ◽  
Scrap Tires ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Temperature Resistance ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Marshall Stability

This paper presents the results of a laboratory-based experimental investigation on the properties of asphalt binder and hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixes modified by locally available crumb rubber, which was used as a partial replacement of asphalt by weight. In this study, fine crumb rubber with a particle size in the range of 0.3–0.6 mm, obtained from scrap tires, was added to the asphalt binder through the wet process. Crumb rubber contents of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 19% by weight of asphalt were added to the virgin binder in order to prepare the modified asphalt binder samples, while the unmodified asphalt binder was used as the control sample. The crumb rubber modified binder samples were examined for measuring viscosity indirectly using the penetration test, and temperature resistance using the softening point test. Later, both the modified and unmodified asphalt binders were used to produce HMA mixes. Two categories of HMA mix commonly used in Malaysia—namely, AC 14 (dense-graded) and SMA 14 (gap-graded)—were produced using the modified asphalt binders containing 5%, 10%, 15%, and 19% crumb rubber. Two AC 14 and SMA 14 control mixes were also produced, incorporating the unmodified asphalt binder (0% crumb rubber). All of the AC 14 and SMA 14 asphalt mixes were examined in order to determine their volumetric properties, such as bulk density, voids in total mix (VTM), voids in mineral aggregate (VMA), and voids filled with asphalt (VFA). In addition, the Marshall stability, Marshall flow, and stiffness of all of the AC 14 and SMA 14 mixes were determined. Test results indicated that the modified asphalt binders possessed higher viscosity and temperature resistance than the unmodified asphalt binder. The viscosity and temperature resistance of the asphalt binders increased with the increase in their crumb rubber content. The increased crumb rubber content also led to improvements in the volumetric properties (bulk density, VTM, VMA, and VFA) of the AC 14 and SMA 14 mixes. In addition, the performance characteristics of the AC 14 and SMA 14 mixes—such as Marshall stability, Marshall flow, and stiffness—increased with the increase in crumb rubber content. However, the AC 14 mixes performed much better than the SMA 14 mixes. The overall research findings suggest that crumb rubber can be used to produce durable and sustainable HMA mixes, with manifold environmental benefits, for use in flexible pavements carrying the heavy traffic load of highways.

scholarly journals Recent advances in characterizing the “bee” structures and asphaltene particles in asphalt binders

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-706
Author(s):  
Yuhong Wang ◽  
Kecheng Zhao ◽  
Fangjin Li ◽  
Qi Gao ◽  
King Wai Chiu Lai
Keyword(s):  
Near Field ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Zero Shear Viscosity ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
Asphaltene Content ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Binder Aging

AbstractThe microscopic surface features of asphalt binders are extensively reported in existing literature, but relatively fewer studies are performed on the morphology of asphaltene microstructures and cross-examination between the surface features and asphaltenes. This paper reports the findings of investigating six types of asphalt binders at the nanoscale, assisted with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The surface features of the asphalt binders were examined by using AFM before and after being repetitively peeled by a tape. Variations in infrared (IR) absorbance at the wavenumber around 1700 cm−1, which corresponds to ketones, were examined by using an infrared s-SNOM instrument (scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscope). Thin films of asphalt binders were examined by using STEM, and separate asphaltene particles were cross-examined by using both STEM and AFM. In addition, connections between the microstructures and binder’s physicochemical properties were evaluated. The use of both microscopy techniques provide comprehensive and complementary information on the microscopic nature of asphalt binders. It was found that the dynamic viscosities of asphalt binders are predominantly determined by the zero shear viscosity of the corresponding maltenes and asphaltene content. Limited samples also suggest that the unique bee structures are likely related to the growth of asphaltene content during asphalt binder aging process, but more asphalt binders from different crude sources are needed to verify this finding.

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